Highest Percentage Share Research Articles

Exposure to chemical pollutants and biological aerosol in indoor facilities for recreational and sport horses

BackgroundDue to the increasing prevalence of equine non-infectious respiratory disease, the air contamination in equine housing (Stables A-C) and training facilities (indoor riding arenas A - C) was investigated. The aim of the study was to monitor gaseous pollutants, bioaerosols, and dust concentrations at three different sites (stables and riding halls), where different floor materials were used in the riding halls.Materials and methodsAir quality was monitored in housing for horses and in riding halls in terms of dust concentration, the presence of gaseous chemical pollutants, and concentrations of biological aerosol. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The levels obtained were compared with acceptable limits.ResultsAmong the gaseous pollutants identified, the highest concentration was obtained for ammonia in stables B and C (16.37 and 22.39 mg/m3, respectively). Standards for total dust were exceeded in stables B and C and in riding halls B and C. The highest numbers of bacteria and fungi were recorded in stables A and C and in riding hall B. Ulocladium sp. had the highest percentage share among the moulds identified.ConclusionsThe results confirm that the wrong choice of bedding in the stable and indoor riding arenas may contribute, even in short training periods, to equine non-infectious respiratory disease (equine asthma). Bioaerosol suspended in the air together with released gaseous pollutants can exacerbate this phenomenon, which even in the case of short training periods can lead to equine asthma of varying degrees of severity. For this reason, the choice of floor material in riding halls should be treated as a priority, as the wrong decision can shorten the period during which the horse can be used for recreational purposes.

The comparison of species diversity and abundance of insect natural enemies in the domesticated species of cotton using the yellow pan trap method.

India is the world's largest cotton producer and the only country that grows all four cultivated cotton species. There have been very few studies on the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of cotton insect pests in these cultivated cotton species. Therefore, the current study (2016-2018) was conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that cultivated cotton species harbour. Phule Dhanwantari, Suraj, Suvin, RCH-2, and DCH-32 were the five genotypes used in the study, each with a distinct genetic background. Using the adiv 2.0.1 and vegan R packages, we identified significant differences in natural enemies in terms of species diversity, richness, evenness, and abundance. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicated substantial differences in the natural enemy community structure among the examined genotypes. A total of 17,279 natural enemies were collected and identified across genotypes from seven predatory families and five parasitoid families. The percentage share of these natural enemy families across genotypes and years, in descending order, is Coccinellidae (28.23%) < Tachinidae (19.23%) < Braconidae (12.68%) < Chrysopidae (11.65%) < Chalcididae (9.41%) < Aphelinidae (6.33%) < Pentatomidae (3.29%) < Ichneumonidae (2.37%) < Syrphidae (2.33%) < Vespidae (1.81%) < Asilidae (1.79%) < Geocoridae (0.89%). Coccinellidae, Tachinidae, Braconidae, Chrysopidae, Chalcididae, and Aphelinidae are the six major families that account for more than 85% of all recorded natural enemies. These six families have a higher percentage share in Phule Dhanwantary (90%) compared to the other genotypes. The conservation and better utilization of these natural enemies are crucial for the ecological and safe management of insect pests in the cotton ecosystem.

On the Sources, Coupling and Energetics During Supersubstorms of the Solar Cycle 24

AbstractThe solar cycle 24 exhibited only four supersubstorms (SSSs) during three of the geomagnetic storms of May 2011, March 2012, and September 2017. A robust and quantitative analyses of these events is performed and the results show that multiple hits by the magnetic clouds with fast moving background solar wind plasma provided the conditions for occurrence of these events. The available solar wind energy, the magnetospheric input energy and the sink energies are estimated. The input energy dominates the total dissipation for shorter intervals of the SSSs, wherein, a dominance of Joule heating sink over the auroral particle precipitation and ring current sinks is revealed. However, for longer time intervals (6 months and more), the total dissipation supersedes the total input energy wherein, the auroral precipitation sink dominates. The contribution of the ring current sink is found at the lowest levels against a high percentage share (79%–91%) of ionospheric sink during the SSSs. Intriguingly, when the SSS expansion and the recovery phases are compared on dissipation terms, percentage share of the Joule heating (ring current) is found more during the later (former) phase. The input efficiencies are found at ∼3.05%, 4.95%, 3.98%, and 1.15%, and the dissipation efficiencies at 73.95%, 58.56%, 37.72%, and 77.94%, respectively during the four SSSs. The dissipation efficiency and the ratio of the sink energies are found to be inversely proportional to the intensity of the substorms. The energy partitioning in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system also respond in a contrasting fashion to the different levels of substorms.

Distribution of Household Assets and Pattern of Income and Consumption among Rural Artisans Households in Punjab

The present study attempted to analyse the distribution of household assets and pattern of income and consumption expenditure among rural artisan households in Punjab. The durable household's asset had the predominant percentage of the total asset structure among sampled households. An average household from rural artisan families held around 39000 per capita assets in rural areas. The study found that slightly more than 50 per cent of the total income of sampled households comes from their respected traditional occupations. As far as the pattern of households was concerned, the overall analysis observed that an average sampled household consumed a higher percentage share of his income on non-durable items followed by marriages and other socio-religious ceremonies, services and durable items of consumption. The overall analysis revealed that the income of rural artisan households was low, but faced the challenge of maintaining a reasonable level of living and meeting their basic living needs.

SCENARIO OF PESTICIDE IMPORT, FORMULATION, CONSUMPTION AND THE RESIDUE STATUS AMONG AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN NEPAL

The haphazard and unsystematic pesticide use has marred the existing conventional agriculture system of Nepal and Nepalese agriculture is also impinged from its impact to a great extent. Pesticide use being less tedious, more economic, and easy to use in one hand and high import of the pesticides through pervious border on the other has made farmers to embrace pesticide dependent farming practices more often. The study is focused on assessing the pesticide use status of the country, import and formulation, pesticide residue on agricultural produces from few years back to present, and the dire economy supposed to be forecasted in Nepalese agriculture in near future as a result of these scenarios. The chemical pesticides were imported in the country during 1950s for the first time. The national average of pesticide use is 396gm a.i/ha. The terai region of the country is hotspot of excessive pesticide use (995 gm a.i/ha). Among the pesticides used in agricultural produces, vegetables dominate the most (90%). The highest percentage share of the pesticide on total pesticide use is fungicide (49%). Reviewing the trend of 20 years scenario of pesticide import from 1997/98 to 2017/18, the result seems transcending surprisingly. The increment of pesticide residue in agricultural produce such as fruits and vegetables is challenging the human and animal health as well as encumbering the goal to food security and sustainability. This scenario directs the need of healthy agricultural practices to abate the impacts of excessive pesticide use so as to ensure food and nutritional security and agricultural sustainability.

Carcass characteristics of farmed fallow deer bucks

Carcass characteristics of farmed fallow deer bucks

The association between types of restaurants and the consumption of ultra-processed food

Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods consumption is an important risk factor for disease disorders, unhealthy feeding habits and climate changes. In the United Kingdom, ultra-processed food consumption represents more than 50% of calories per day. Furthermore, many studies shown that the locations are important for health foods habits. The aim of this abstract is to analyze the association between percentage share of ultra-processed foods consumption and percentage share kcal in each location consumers on U.K. Methods Cross-sectional data from the U.K. National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2014-2016) were analyzed. Foods items collected using a one-day food diary were classified according to the NOVA classification: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods. All locations consumers were categorized on six groups: institutional (work, school), sit-downs restaurants, coffee shops, fast foods, home and others. To test the association, we used linear regression models, 95% confidences intervals were adopted. Results Ours crude analyzes shows that eat on fast foods, sit-down restaurants and other locations have been associated with percentage share of ultra-processed foods on daily kcal. Sit-down restaurants were negatively associated, and fast foods and other locations were positively associated. In the multiple model, adjusted for sex and age, the associations remained, with significance &amp;lt;0.00. Conclusions Our findings showed an association between some consumption locations and higher percentage share by ultra-processed foods on daily kcal. It is possible the inverse association found in sit-downs restaurants is because in these places there is a greater participation of unprocessed and minimally processed foods. Another important fact to consider is that in this population the consumption of ultra-processed foods is naturally high. Key messages Consumer locations have a different impact on the caloric share of ultra-processed foods. Encouraging consumption in some places can influence the improvement in the quality of the diet, decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

Instability and stability of population dynamics and local settlements in post-Soviet Chukotka: regional characteristics seen from intraregional and local differences

The aims of the study are twofold. First, it aims at identifying geographical characteristics and differences in the stability/instability of population dynamics. Second, the paper examines the sustainability of settlements in the ethnic region in the Arctic Circle and the factors that determine them. Traditional geographical approaches and the field research enabled us to clarify general instability of the population dynamics and the settlements of Chukotka in the 1990s and its stabilization seen after 2002, although there were significant differences at the intra-regional and local levels. Relatively greater stability (a smaller decrease in the population due to a smaller migration outflow and the absence of abandoned settlements) was seen in the population and settlements in regions with high percentage share of indigenous people. The most unstable areas were those with a large share of the newcomers and those with the mining industry, especially in the 1990s. The extremely and most vulnerable was single-company towns which closely connected with mining enterprises, most of which were eliminated before 2000. Differences in stability/instability of population dynamics and local settlements, or differences in resilience/vulnerability of the system at different spatial levels (from regions to individual settlements) will become more evident in the years under crisis but will be smoothed out during the period of relatively stable development.

Road Traffic Accidents in India: Need for Urgent attention and Solutions to Ensure Road Safety

The present study aims to analyse the road accidents in India at National, state and inter-city levels. According to the recent available statistics, there is age and gender-wise variations in the proportion of road traffic accidents and deaths where males have a very high percentage share of fatalities (85%) when compared to females (15%). Tamil Nadu had the highest percentage share of accidents (14.9) and Uttar Pradesh had the highest percentage share of fatalities (12.8). Some of the possible solution to combat this raising trend of road traffic accidents are- awareness initiatives, maintenance of good data base, planning and designing for road safety, remedial action at high crash sites, design for pedestrians and cyclists and implementation of strict speed limits. Thus there is an urgent need to provide emphasis on road safety and curtail the worsening situation of road traffic accidents, injuries and deaths in India which is the need of the hour.

A Multifaceted Evaluation of Food Waste in a Polish Supermarket—Case Study

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the food waste generated in one Polish supermarket in terms of its mass, financial value, and wasted caloric value, and to specify ways in which to manage food that can help contribute to reducing the phenomenon of food waste in commercial facilities. The research material was a list of unsold food items in one supermarket over two weeks. The evaluation shows that in one supermarket, approximately 3.3 tonnes of food was wasted over two weeks, with a total value of €5500. The groups of products with the highest percentage share in the structure of waste were fruits and vegetables, as well as meat, cold meats, and fish. The estimated caloric value of dairy products wasted over two weeks amounts to approximately 243.8 kcal. The estimated mass of dairy products appropriated for social purposes would feed from 72 to 174 persons a day (depending on the daily reference value). As various types of food products for social purposes may be sourced from the retail sector, it constitutes an important link in the chain “from the field to the table”, from which food should be redistributed to people in need.

GIS Based Assessment of Soil Erosion Using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in Wular Catchment of Kashmir

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has been assessed in the present study using Remote Sensing and GIS in order to estimate the potential Soil Loss at watershed level in Wular Catchment. Wular Catchment has an area of 1200.36 km 2 and lies between 34 o 12′24″ and 34 o 36′26″ N latitude and 74 o 26′41″ and 74 o 56′02″E longitude. Its altitudinal range is from 1580 meters near Wular Lake to about 4500 meters in Harmukh range. Maps of the R, K, LS, C and P factors were derived from the precipitation data, soil map, digital elevation model (DEM), land use and field survey respectively. It emerges from the study that about 6% of the area has severe erosion with a soil loss more than 900 t ha −1 yr −1 . The watersheds of 1EE2a, 1EM2a and 1EE1c have the highest percentage share of 19.91%, 17.30% and 14.88% respectively under severe erosion. This is the most susceptible zone to soil erosion primarily due to very steep slope gradient and slope length. The study clearly demonstrates the importance of vegetation cover for watershed management. The Study has proposed soil and water conservation measures in accordance with the spatial distribution of soil loss in the Catchment. Keywords: USLE; Soil Loss; Wular Catchment; Soil Erosion; Rainfall; Erosivity Cite this Article Zahoor-ul-Hassan, M. Imran Malik, T.A. Kanth. GIS Based Assessment of Soil Erosion Using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in Wular Catchment of Kashmir. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2017; 8(3): 56–66p.

Observations on the Maturation and Development of a Roman Snail (Helix Pomatia, Linnaeus, 1758) Population of Farmed Origin in Natural Plots

Abstract Observations were made concerning active species protection of the Roman snail. Samples were collected from three natural plots in which 3,000 marked hatchlings of farmed origin, aged 1+ (three individuals per m2), were placed in mid-May 2011. The hatchlings originated from breeding snails of the park, or ‘source’ plot. The other plots were a forest, or ‘inhabited’ plot, occupied by a foreign population and a cultivated ‘empty’ plot, which had been emptied of its natural population. By the end of June 2012, the introduced snails were aged 2+, when snails of this species reach maturity. During this period, as part of the analysis of collected samples, the snails in their final maturation period in this age group were divided into mature and immature groups. After thirteen months of observations, a greater density was observed for the farm-originated, naturalised population in the ‘empty’ plot than in the total populations for the other two plots. In the ‘empty’ plot the percentage of somatic and sexually mature farmed snails aged 2+ was significantly higher than in the same snail groups from the other two research plots. There were no statistically significant differences between the shell diameters of the mature farmed snails in all the research plots. The Roman snails of farmed origin considerably extended their territorial range, maintaining their high percentage share in the local natural populations.

Graduate Tracer Study and Academic Reputation of University

This graduate tracer study is an initiative to determine the graduates career development and at the same time evaluate the curriculum design of the 12 programs. The programs include Arts and Sciences, Nursing, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Criminology, Education, Architecture, Engineering, Computing, Business Administration, Business Administration, Law and Graduate Schools. A total of 881 responded to the survey instrument. The sampling is purposive in nature and only dependent on the response rate of the targeted response. The respondents are graduates of 2003 to 2013 with business administration posting the highest percentage share. Further, graduates are found to be highly employable: 42% find job in 6 months with 0.3% to 3% finding their way immediately to middle to top management positions. The entrepreneurial, administrative and social skills are important abilities that enhance graduates quick and smooth career advancement.

What is the Real Effect of Schooling on Economic Growth?

This paper examines the effect of schooling on economic growth. It tests the link between schooling and economic growth using the system GMM estimation for a panel of 86 countries in the years 1960-2005. Affirming the results of the previous literature the positive impact of schooling on growth has been confirmed. The paper presents two main findings. First, additional year of schooling contributes positively to per capita output growth. Secondly, high percentage share of population with no formal education results in economic growth slowdown.

Indian Gems and Jewellery Exports: A Cluster-Wise Analysis

The present research paper covers the major ports exporting gems and jewellery products from India to international markets. Various major clusters (ports) have been contributing to India's gems and jewellery sector, that is, Mumbai, New Delhi, Jaipur, Hyderabad, Chennai, Cochin, Nellore, Bangalore, Kolkata, Surat, and Coimbatore. Each of these clusters have been evolving with the help of factors like productive and skilled labor force, raw materials, cluster development, and special economic zones (SEZ) programs. The total gems and jewellery exports of the clusters have been continuously increasing with 12.60% growth rate per annum and Mumbai showed the highest percentage share of exports among the clusters during the period from 1990-91 to 2009-10. Mumbai is the largest and New Delhi is the second largest exporter of India's gems and jewellery products. On the basis of the trend values, various clusters have been classified in two categories - high and low potential categories. Thus, the study has analyzed the progressive behavior of various clusters and concludes that most of the clusters have a high potential for exporting India's gems and jewellery products in the global market.

Nuclear fusion and renewable energy forms: Are they compatible?

Nuclear fusion can be considered as a base-load power plant technology: High investment costs and limited operational flexibility require continuous operation. Wind and solar, on the other hand, as the putative main pillars of a future renewable energy system, are intermittent power sources. The resulting variations that occur on many different time scales require at first sight a rather flexible back-up system to balance this stochastic behavior. Fusion would appear not to be well suited for this task. The situation changes, however, if a large-scale renewable energy system is envisaged based on a transnational, or even transcontinental power grid. The present paper discusses a possible European power system in the year 2050 and beyond. A high percentage share of renewable energies and a strong power grid spanning the whole of Europe and involving neighboring countries, in particular those in North Africa, are assumed. The linear programming model URBS is used to describe the power system. The model optimizes the overall system costs and simulates power plant operation with an hourly resolution for one whole year. The geographical resolution is at least at the country level. The renewable technologies are modeled first on a more local level and then summed together at the country or regional level. The results indicate that the smoothing effects of the large-scale power grid transform the intermittent renewable supply, which is then more compatible with base-load power plants such as fusion reactors.

The effect of slaughter season on the Fatty Acid profile in four types of fat deposits in crossbred beef bulls.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of slaughter season on the fatty acid profile in four types of fat deposits in crossbred (Polish Holstein Friesian Black-and-White×Limousine) beef bulls. The percentage share of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography and were divided into the following categories of fatty acids: saturated (SFAs), unsaturated (UFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), desirable hypocholesterolemic (DFAs) and undesirable hypercholesterolemic (OFAs), n-3 and n-6. Perinephric fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations (59.89%), and subcutaneous fat had the highest MUFA content (50.63%). Intramuscular fat was marked by a high percentage share of PUFAs and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio. The slaughter season had a significant effect on the levels of C18:3, C20:4 (p≤0.01) and conjugated linoleic acid (p≤0.05). There was an interaction between the slaughter season and fat type for the content of C20:4 (p≤0.01) and C20:5 (p≤0.05). The results of this study show that beef from cattle slaughtered in the summer season has a higher nutritional value and more health-promoting properties.

Reproductive competitiveness of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus mucronatus and Polish populations of B. xylophilus develop in a common environment (in vitro)Konkurencyjność reprodukcyjna Bursaphelenchus mucronatus i B. xylophilus we wspólnym środowisku rozwoju (in vitro)

Summary The objective of this study was to examine the reproductive competitiveness of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and a series of Polish populations of B. mucronatus (isolates: Mdz-01, NTo-01 i Wro-01) developing together in a common environment (in vitro). The experiments did not show superiority of any of these nematodes. Both B. xylophilus, and B. mucronatus were able to dominate the second species. However, based on the analysis of the obtained results it could be stated that the females of B. xylophilus had a higher percentage share than the feamles of B. mucronatus. Interestingly, it was also found that the offspring populations obtained from the cultures of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus reared together were significantly greater as compared to the populations of each species reared separately. However, mechanisms of this phenomenon still remain unclear.

ESTIMATION OF FAT CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN THE MEAT OF SPINYCHEEK CRAYFISH (ORCONECTES LIMOSUS RAF.) FROM THE BRDA RIVER AND THE LAKE GOPŁO

The aim of the present paper was to compare the content of fat and the profile of fatty acids in the meat of the abdomen section of spiny-cheek crayfish caught from the Brda River with individuals obtained from the Lake Goplo. The meat of spiny-cheek crayfish from two reservoirs didn’t differ significantly as regards the fat content, however significant differences were report for most fatty acids (p<0,05). Reports show that the content of fat in crayfish meat is similar to the meat of low-fat fish which contain up to 2% of fat. In the group of SFA, the highest percentage share was recorded for C16:0, both in the meat of crayfish caught in the Brda River (21.33% of total acids) and in Lake Goplo (15.36% of total acids). In the MUFA group as the most abundant fatty acid was reported C18:1 n-9t, both in the meat of river crayfish (18.73% of total acids), and lake crayfish (25.52% of total acids). The PUFA analyses showed that the highest percentage share was reported for C20:5 n-3c in both groups.

Precomputing Influences of Observation for a Network

Formulae for judging a priori the influences of individual observations on the unknown parameters and the mean network precision are presented. The influences of an observation on the parameters and the mean network precision are measured by the influence index and the percentage share, respectively. The larger the redundancy number, or the smaller the parameter number of the observation, the smaller the influence index will be and hence the less influence the observation will have on the estimate of an unknown parameter vector. A larger parameter number ensures a high percentage share in the mean network precision. The numerical example of the first-order leveling network of Taiwan seems to indicate that a better weighting scheme tends to produce more homogeneities among the individual parameter numbers and their corresponding influence numbers.