Highest Percentage Of Infection Research Articles

Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Premarital Screening Individuals in Saudi Arabia.

Premarital screening is one of the most important strategies for preventing infectious diseases such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus in populations. This study aims to explore the prevalence of these viruses and their association with potential demographic factors among individuals undergoing premarital screening in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study design using the National Healthy Marriage Program electronic registry in the Saudi Ministry of Health. Patients were selected from the premarital screening tests for the three blood-borne viruses. Data were obtained from January to August 2021 among 114,740 individuals. Hepatitis B virus infection showed the highest prevalence followed by hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. Among those who were infected, men had higher infectious disease prevalence than women. The central and western regions had the highest percentages of infection. The studied infections pose a continuous public health issue among premarital screening individuals in Saudi Arabia. This study identified important demographic risk factors for these diseases and highlighted the need for future strategies and long-term plans at the national level.

Epidemiological Study of the most Important Dermatophyte Infections in Musayyib General Hospital, Iraq

Background: Dermatophytes are keratophilic fungi that consider exogenous organisms, and cause serious infections of the skin, hair, and nails. The main goal of the current study is to present a survey of fungal skin infections in Musayyib general hospital of Babylon Province Iraq, through the identification of the incidence of some types of Tineae and the extent of spread in different age groups. Materials and Methods A256 patients clinically suspected of dermatophytosis, 210 were positive in direct examination and/or culture. From the positive patients' sample that includes skin scrapping, hair fragments, and nails Results The current study showed that Dermatomycosis infected in males more than females with a ratio of 151 (71.90 %) males and 59 (28.09%) females. The highest percentage of infection with Tinea capitis appeared in males , while the lowest percentage of infection with Tinea ungums with a rate equal between males and females. According to age groups. Conclusions According to the findings of the study, it absolves that although Covid 19 pandemic the world went through fundamental changes by increasing the level of understanding and awareness of people to use different sterilizers and detergents. In addition to reducing contact between people and taking care of personal hygiene. Unfortunately, these procedures did not have a positive effect on reducing dermatophytosis infection in Musayyib General Hospital.

The epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan in 2023

Bovine enzootic leukemia (EBLV) remains an acute problem for animal husbandry in many regions of Russia. Based on this, the goal was set: to study the epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan. The material for the study was taken from the official source of the Veterinary Committee of the Republic, as well as supplemented with our own serological blood tests for bovine leukemia virus (bovine leukemia). Laboratory tests for the detection of antibodies to BLV in RID were carried out according to the "Guidelines for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia" (2000). Research results: the spread of BLV has been established in some municipal districts and urban districts throughout the republic. In 2023, from all veterinary laboratories (stations), serological studies were conducted in the amount of 1101,689 animal blood samples for BLV. Of the animals studied, antibodies to the BLV antigen in RID were obtained in 2,778 (0.25%) samples. A high percentage of animal HCV infection was detected in the following districts and cities: Kizlyarsky – 2% (388), Tlaratinsky – 1.3% (341), Botlikhsky – 1.2% (450), Babayurt – 1.1% (188), Gunibsky – 0.8% (228) and in Makhachkala – 0.9% (180). In 16 districts and in Khasavyurt, the percentage of infection of animals with BLV was at the level of 0.3% or lower. We obtained 440 animal blood samples from sample farms, which were examined in the RID. 37 (8.4%) animal blood samples gave a positive result for BLV. Thus, the general epizootic situation in EBLV remains relevant, but the prevalence of BLV among animals is decreasing in the republic.

Hepatitis B immunisation and immune status of nurses in a regional hospital in central South Africa.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important biological occupational hazards for healthcare workers. A high percentage of HBV infections are attributable to percutaneous occupational exposure. This study aimed to describe the HBV immunisation and current immune status of all the nurses employed in a regional hospital in central South Africa. A descriptive record review included all the nurses (N= 388) employed in a regional hospital in central South Africa from 01 January 2018 to 31 January 2020. A total of 289 health records were included in the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish factors associated with full immunisation. Most nurses were females (87.9%), working in medical (27.0%) wards. Only 20.4% of nurses received one dose of vaccine, while 51.2% received the three prescribed doses. However, 91.2% of nurses did not receive the vaccine at the correct intervals. Most of the tested nurses (71.0%) were immune. Immunisation status was significantly associated with religion (p 0.001) and schedule (p= 0.003). Nurses who were non-Christians were 35.9% less likely to be fully vaccinated compared to Christians. Half of the nursing staff received three doses as prescribed. All nurses should receive the vaccine against HBV and their immune status monitored to minimise the risk of an infection. It is therefore recommended that proof of immunity should be a requirement.Contribution:This study found a high percentage of nurses with HBV antibodies, which will ensure workplace safety.

Neurological Manifestations and Risk Factors of HTLV-1 Infection in the Middle East Region and Iran: A Comprehensive Review of 137 Articles of the Last 23 Years

Background & Objectives: The Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) retrovirus is prevalent in some regions, such as Iran. This comprehensive literature review explores the symptoms and risk factors associated with HTLV-1 infection Middle East Region and Iran. Materials & Methods: This narrative review used PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar as searching engines using terms HTLV-1, neurological disorders, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology for articles published between 2000 and 2023. In total, 137 articles were eligible. Results: Breastfeeding, unsafe sexual contact, and contaminated blood products are main HTLV -1 transmission routes. Brazil, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic are countries with a high percentage of HTLV-1 infection, with estimates ranging from 1% to 13.9% in Brazil, up to 57% in Ecuador, and 1% to 5% in the Dominican Republic and it is endemic in Iran, Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. While numerous patients are asymptomatic, the virus can cause HTLV1 -associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and peripheral neuropathy. Tax viral proteins cause nervous system inflammation and HAM/TSP. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may decipher spinal cord shrinkage and white matter lesions in affected patients. Immunodeficiency conditions, blood transfusion, and risky sexual behavior increase infection rate. The neurological symptoms are initiated with sensory -motor impairments. The main symptoms are limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: HTLV-1 infection is highly prevalent in Japan, Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Iran (especially in northeastern regions like Neyshabur). By understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of HTLV-1, proper strategies and targeted treatments can be developed for associated disorders like HAM/TSP. International collaboration is essential in addressing health concerns related to HTLV -1 infection.

The Prevalence of Trypanosoma Species in Silver Catfish (Bagrus bajad) from Zobe Reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State

This research investigates the prevalence of Trypanosoma species in the silver catfish (Bagrus bajad) population in Zobe Reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State. The study aims to provide insights into the parasitic infection rates, identify prevalent Trypanosoma species, and assess its potential impacts on the health and population dynamics of silver catfish in the reservoir. A total of 108 silver catfish samples were collected from Zobe Reservoir in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria at bi-weekly intervals, from July-September; 2023 for the discovery of blood parasites and subjected to thorough parasitological examination. Microscopic analysis, including blood smears and tissue samples, was employed to identify and classify Trypanosoma species. Preliminary findings revealed the presence of Trypanosome infections in the silver catfish population, with a variation in prevalence rates among the sampled specimens. The study identifies specific Trypanosoma species affecting the silver catfish in Zobe Reservoir, shedding light on the diversity and distribution of these parasites in the aquatic ecosystem. The Bagrus bajad obtained according to sex indicates 29 males and 79 females were examined. Females had the highest percentage of infection, 10.12%, while males had the lowest percentage of infection, 3.45%. The results of this research contribute valuable data to the understanding of Trypanosome infections in silver catfish populations, with implications for fisheries management, conservation efforts, and the potential transmission of these parasites to other aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance to assess the dynamic interactions between Trypanosomes and their fish hosts in freshwater ecosystems.

Risks, Identification, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Against High Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Contact Lens Solutions

Background: Contact lens wear has become increasingly common for vision correction and cosmetic purposes. However, it also causes risks of microbial contamination leading to ocular infections. The aim of our study was to investigate the bacterial contamination in commercial contact lens solutions. Method: A total of 33 samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial presence using both phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic diagnosis involved culturing samples on specific media and utilizing the Vitik system. Results: Our results showed the presence of various bacterial groups in contact lens preservation solutions, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most prevalent at 27.2% and 21.2%, respectively. The highest percentage of infections occurred in the age range of 12-20 years (41%), followed by 21-30 years (22%), 31-40 years (19%), 41-50 years (13%), and 51-60 years (5%). Regarding education level, individuals with primary education showed a higher percentage of eye infections (63%) compared to those with secondary education (27%) or higher education (10%). A higher percentage of infections was observed among individuals wearing lenses for 24 hours (57%) compared to those wearing them for 12, 6, or 1 hour, at 22%, 14%, and 7% respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated the importance of adherence to proper lens care practices to improve lens safety and reduce microbial contamination. Effective measures are essential to mitigate the risks associated with contact lens wear and maintain optimal eye health.

Evolution of surgical methods for restoring missing teeth

Attempts to restore continuity of the dentition date back to ancient times, as evidenced by the numerous archaeological and written records found throughout the world. They served as material evidence of the existence of implantology in ancient civilizations and helped to restore the chronology of its development. For example, in about 2500 BC the Egyptians tried to strengthen teeth with diseased periodontium with gold ligature wire, and in 2000 BC in ancient China lost teeth were replaced with bamboo pegs. In different time intervals, different materials were used to make artificial teeth: sea shells, rose quartz, animal teeth and bones, porcelain, etc., teeth were tried to be replanted, transplanted from living and dead people. High percentage of postoperative infection, limited knowledge, religious prohibitions, skepticism of scientific elites acted as inhibiting factors at different stages of formation of implantology as an important field of dentistry. This article is devoted to the development of dental implantology and to the doctors and scientists who played a key role in the formation and development of this field of dentistry.

Аналіз ураження коропових риб ендо- та ектопаразитами у рибогосподарських водоймах Одеської області

Purpose. Conducting an analysis of parasitic diseases of different age groups of carps grown in specialized fish farms of Odesa region under different forms of ownership for 2014–2023. Methodology. The paper presents the generalized results of studies carried out during planned test catches in specialized fish farms of various forms of ownership located in Odesa region. Parasitological studies were carried out according to the Bykhovska-Pavlovska method. The study included: visual inspection; excision of skin and muscle tissue; microscopy of scrapings from the surface of the body, fins and gills; microscopy of eye lenses; pathological autopsy, search for parasites in the body cavity; compression microscopy of internal organs and muscle tissue; intestinal dissection; gallbladder microscopy; dissection and microscopy of the swim bladder walls. At the same time, the parasitic species were identified, and the extensiveness and intensity of the invasion were calculated. Parasites were identified using identification keys. Findings. The study was conducted by employees of the ichthyopathology laboratory of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Sciences in laboratory conditions and at sampling sites in the period from 2014 to 2023. The objects of the study were different age groups of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), hybrids of silver and bighead carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and crucian carp. Parasitological analysis showed that carp were most often affected by monogeneans, the prevalence (P) was 50.6% of the studied fish, and infestation intensity (II) was an average of 10 parasites per fish. In addition, a large percentage of infection was caused by ciliates with P of 24% P, II was 9 parasites per fish. Grass carp, in turn, were most affected by ciliates — P 56.3% with an average II — 16 parasites per fish and monogeneans — P 36.4% with an average II — 12 parasites per fish and trematodes — P 25.4% with II 8 parasites per fish. Grass carp was the most affected by crustaceans, the P was 46.6%, and the II was 3 parasites per fish, trematode P 16.6% with an average II of 10 parasites per fish. In Prussian carp, infestation by monogeneans was most often detected, which reached 75% with II — 5 parasites per fish. In the period of 2019-2023, carp was most often affected by monogeneans, where P was 29.3%, and II was 3 parasites per fish, also a high percentage of infection was due to ciliates 24%, II was 6 parasites per fish. Chinese carps, in turn, was most affected by trematodes — P 59.1% at II — 60 parasites per fish. Grass carp was the most affected by diplostoma, where P was 45.5% with an average II of 45 parasites per fish. Crucian carp was most affected by lernea. Based on the analysis of data on parasitic diseases of freshwater fish, it can be concluded that both in the period 2014‒2018 and 2019‒2023, fish were most often affected by monogeneans and infusoria, but in the period 2019‒2023, the infestation of silver and grass carps by diplostomes and postodiplostomes increased significantly. Originality. An analysis of parasitic diseases of carp grown in specialized farms of various forms of ownership, located in the Odesa region for the period of over the past ten years has been presented. The results of these studies can be used for parasitological monitoring of water bodies as well as control of the spread of ecto- and endoparasites. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for a timely understanding of trends in the spread of parasitic diseases and allows using the obtained material for parasitological monitoring of fish farms. Keywords: fish, carps, parasites, prevalence, infestation intensity.

The Role of the Relative Humidity on the Development of Downy Mildew Infection of Cucumber in the Greenhouse in Baghdad

This study conducted at the Dujail, north of Baghdad, aims to control the downy mildew disease of cucumber based on the ventilation of greenhouses by making three ventilation holes in the plastic cover, in comparison to cultivation into a regular greenhouse (without ventilation holes). Three approved cucumber hybrid were included in this study; Mustaqbal, Jamilah, and Faris. The infection percentage and disease severity rates were calculated since the onset of the disease on March 21st, 2022 until May 18th, 2022. The results showed that the average temperatures (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity were 5-25 ºC and 97% inside the regular greenhouse were suitable for the Pseudoperonospora cubensis natural infection. The highest percentage of infection and disease severity were 30.81 and 23.33%, respectively, reported into the regular greenhouse (without ventilation), compared with the infection percentage and disease severity in the ventilated greenhouses, which were 1.28 and 6.99%, respectively. The percentages of infection of Mustaqbal, Faris and Jamila in the regular greenhouse (without ventilation) were 31.69, 31.40 and 29.35%, respectively, compared to 1.47, 1.17 and 1.21% noticed in the greenhouses with three ventilation holes for the same cucumber varieties, respectively. This study found that three ventilation holes in plastic cover of the greenhouse reduced the percentage infection and disease severity in cucumber plants, by 95.8 and 70% respectively.

Incidence of black point (Alternaria sp.) in elite advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines

Eighty four elite advanced bread wheat lines were evaluated for resistance to black point during the crop season 2015-2016 at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Sowing dates were November 12, 19 and 26, 2015. Harvest and threshing were done manually in ten spikes per line, and the evaluation by visual inspection, counting healthy and infected grains to calculate the percentage of infection. The range of infection for the first sowing date was 0 to 19.8 %, with an average of 1.9; thirty nine lines did not show infected grains; for the second date it was 0 to 32.7 %, with an average of 4.8; twenty seven lines did not show infected grains; while for the third date, it was 0 to 44.9 % with an average of 6.8, and eighteen lines did not show infected grains. Eight lines did not show infected grains in the three dates. Lines with the highest average percentage of infection were: WHEAR/KUKUNA/3/C80.1/3* BATAVIA//2*WBLL1*2/4/WBLL1/KUKUNA//TACUPETOF2001/3/UP2338*2/VIVITSI with 20.8, and WAXWING*2/ KRONSTADF2004/3/TRCH/SRTU//KACHU/4/SAUAL/YANAC//SAUAL with 20.5%. Within the infection categories based on the average of the three dates, thirty lines were within the 0.1-2.5 % infection category, fourteen within 2.6-5.0 %, twenty three within 5.1-10.0 %, and nine lines within 10.1-30.0 %. The infection average of the group was 4.5 % with a range of 0 to 20.8 %, but some lines showed high percentage of infection in the dates, like WHEAR/KUKUNA/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1*2/4/WBLL1/KUKUNA//TACUPETOF2001/3/UP2338*2/ VIVITSI, WAXWING*2/KRONSTADF2004/3/TRCH/SRTU//KACHU/4/SAUAL/YANAC//SAUAL, and BAV92//IRENA/ KAUZ/3/HUITES/4/DOLL/5/SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/KIRITATI with 44.9, 44.7, and 37.1 %, respectively, in the third date.

Development of a molecular diagnostic to discriminate between Fomitiporia species and advancements in detection of the main grapevine decline‐related pathogens in propagating material and mature vines

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted on the prevalence of grapevine trunk diseases in Greece, focusing specifically on contamination of grapevine propagation material by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and black foot disease‐related species. Additionally, detection of esca pathogen Fomitiporia mediterranea, causing white rot in grapevine and other woody hosts, was assessed using a new PCR‐based assay that distinguishes F. mediterranea from F. punctata. Development of a nested PCR assay, combined with a cost‐effective DNA extraction protocol, revealed a high percentage of infection by P. chlamydospora (51%) and Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease (28%) in different types of grapevine propagation material (dormant cuttings, field‐rooted benchgrafts and green‐growing plants). Interestingly, black foot disease‐related pathogens were more prevalent in nursery plants grown in the field for 6 months (57%) than in other types of propagation material and compared with P. chlamydospora (43%), indicating increased infection of propagation material during growth in the nursery field. The cost‐effective molecular method developed in this study could be used in mass inspections of propagation material for phytosanitary purposes. Finally, using primers specific for F. mediterranea and F. puncata developed in this study, combined with the universal ITS4 primer, a collection of Fomitiporia isolates from mature grapevine and other woody hosts from Greece and Italy (southern Europe) were characterized as F. mediterranea, whereas German and Swedish isolates from forest plants (central Europe) were classified as F. punctata. The developed primers can discriminate between the two Fomitiporia species, which are indistinguishable based on culture and morphological characteristics alone.

Distribution of Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Enteroinvasive E. Coli Among Children with Severe Diarrhea in AL Najaf AL Ashraf / Iraq

Diarrhea is the second most important disease that causes death in children under 5 years old. This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) associated with diarrhea among children under 5 years old. One hundred stool samples have been collected from children under 5 years old suffering from acute diarrhea. All samples are cultured on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) to detect Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEE). DNA extraction was carried out, and PCR technique. It was used for amplification of the stp gene for the detection of ETEC and the ipaH gene for the detection of EIEC. The results showed a wide distribution of DEC (45%) among males and females, where a high percentage of infection occurred among males (60%) in Compression with females (40%). The Agarose gel electrophoresis results showed that 33% of isolates possessed ipaH, which revealed that these isolates belonged to EIEC. In comparison, 22% of isolates possessed the stp gene, which revealed that these isolates were belong to EHEC. In conclusion, diarrhea may be associated with EIEC and EHEC in addition to EPEC. Keywords: Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Enteroinvasive E. coli, Children with Severe Diarrhea, polymerase chain reaction PCR

Efficacy of ceftaroline and rifampin, alone or combined, in a rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis osteomyelitis without implant.

The in vivo efficacy of ceftaroline and rifampin alone or in combination was investigated in an experimental rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) osteomyelitis. After a 3-day treatment, the mean tibial bacterial load was significantly reduced in animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline (1.89 and 1.68 log10 CFU/g, respectively, P < 0.0001), whereas ceftaroline alone did not show any significant reduction at this early stage. After a 7-day treatment, the mean tibial bacterial load was reduced for ceftaroline alone compared to control animals (3.6 log10 CFU/g versus 4.4 log10 CFU/g, respectively, P < 0.05) and reached the limit of detection in almost all animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline (P < 0.0001). Finally, after a 14-day treatment the efficacy of ceftaroline alone was enhanced (P < 0.0001), and no MRSE was recovered from the tibias of animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline. No emergence of rifampin resistance was observed, regardless of the treatment group (monotherapy or combined therapy) or the timepoint of interest. Ceftaroline administered with rifampin could represent a valuable therapeutic option in the management of MRSE osteomyelitis. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) contributes to a high percentage of orthopedic infections, and their treatment represents a huge challenge. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ceftaroline alone or combined with rifampin in a rat MRSE osteomyelitis model and the bone penetration of ceftaroline. A ceftaroline monotherapy showed a significant bacterial reduction in infected bones after a 7-day period of treatment. The combination ceftaroline plus rifampin leveraged rifampin's bactericidal activity, shortening the duration of positive culture in infected animals. These results suggest that ceftaroline and rifampin combination therapy could represent a valuable therapeutic option for human MRSE osteomyelitis and deserves further preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Natural incidence of black point (Alternaria sp.) in a group of elite advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines

One hundred and sixty eight elite advanced bread wheat lines were evaluated for resistance to black point during the crop season 2014-2015 at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Sowing dates were November 19 and 28, and December 8, 2014. Harvest and threshing were done manually in ten spikes per line, and the evaluation by visual inspection, counting healthy and infected grains to calculate the percentage of infection. The range of infection for the first sowing date was 0 to 34.6%, with an average of 2.7; sixty lines did not show infected grains; for the second date it was 0 to 43.6%, with an average of 3.1%; fifty lines did not show infected grains; while for the third date, it was 0 to 14.7%, and seventy one lines did not show infected grains. Five lines did not show infected grains in the three dates. Lines with the highest average percentage of infection were: WAXWING/KRONSTADF2004//2*FRNCLN with 18.6%, PFAU/MILAN/5/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WHEAR/4/ SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/5/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/7/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/5/REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES with 16.0, and WBLL1*2/BRAMBLING//SAAR/ 2*WAXWING/4/PBW343*2/KUKUNA//KRONSTAD F2004/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA with 15.4%. Within the infection categories based on the average of the three dates, one hundred and twelve lines were within the 0.1-2.5% infection category, thirty one within 2.6-5.0%, thirteen within 5.1-10.0%, and seven lines within 10.1-30.0%. The infection average of the group was 2.3% with a range of 0 to 18.6%, but some lines showed high percentage of infection in the dates, like PFAU/MILAN/5/CHEN/AEGILOPSSQUARROSA(TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/BOW/4/PASTOR/6/WHEAR/4/ SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/5/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/7/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/5/REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES which showed 43.6% in the second date.

APLIKASI PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA DALAM MENINGKATKAN FASE PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogea L.)

Peanut has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is generally grown on dry land. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers can have a negative impact on the soil, so there is a need for environmentally friendly fertilizers such as biological fertilizers. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of mycorrhiza biofertilizer on the vegetative and generative growth of peanuts. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Cikabayan IPB with a three-factor Completely Randomized Design. The treatments tested were 1) control, 2) 100% NPK fertilizer, 3) 100% organic fertilizer, 4) 100% organic fertilizer + NPK, 5) 5 g mycorrhizae, 6) 100% NPK + mycorrhizae 5 g, 7) 100% organic fertilizer + mycorrhiza 5 g, and 8) organic fertilizer + NPK 100% + mycorrhiza 5 g. Parameters observed included plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods, pod weight, colonization or root infection, number and types of spores. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer + organic fertilizer + mycorrhizae 5 g could increase vegetative and generative growth in peanut plants. The treatment of NPK+ organic fertilizer + mycorrhizae 5 g (AOM) had a very high percentage of infection, which was 86.67%. The AOM treatment had a high number of spores, which was 32 spores and 3 types of spores were successfully associated, namely Acaulospora sp1, Acaulospora sp 2 and Glomus etunicatum.

Patterns and risk factors of infection and its impact in outcomes of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

e20029 Background: Infection is the leading cause of death in myeloma (MM). It is important to know its patterns and risk factors for determined the better prophylaxis, however it is unknow in Colombia. Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical and microbiological records of newly diagnosed MM from a single center were reviewed from 2014 to 2022. Infections were classified according to the International Immunocompromised Host Society. Flow cytometry (FC) were performed for all patients at diagnosis. The primary objective was to describe the impact of infections on MM outcomes and to identify variables associated with increased risk of infection. Binomial and ordinal logistic regression, Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used. Results: A total of 177 MM treated with bortezomib based therapy were included. 73.4% developed at least one infection. 40% 2 or 3 infections during the study. Overall incidence of infection was 0.34 per patient-year. 69.3% were defined microbiologically ( Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent); 19, 3% had fever of unknown focus (FUF) and 11.4% were clinical defined (CD), being pneumonia the most important. From 2020, 23.8% had SARS-COV-2. 2,2% of infections were at diagnosis, 41% in induction. In patients who underwent stem cell transplanted (SCT), 34% had infection during 100 days after SCT, being FUF the most frequent, while 23% of SCT-ineligible patients had an infectious event during maintenance. Baseline demographic variables were not associated with risk of infection. Multivariable analyses showed that LDH (OR 1.05; 95%CI 1.02 - 1.08 p &lt; 0.01) greater number of tumor plasma cells (TPC) (OR 1.03; 1.01 - 1.06 p 0.04), lower granulocytes (OR 0.64; 0.46 - 0.85 p 0.004) T and NK cells (OR 0.89; 0.81, 0.96 p &lt; 0.01), evaluated with FC and albumin (OR 0.12; 0.01 - 0.084 p = 0.036) were associated with higher risk of infection. Median follow-up was 6.72 years. 11,5% of patients died due to an infection episode. In univariate analysis, infection was associated with a lower overall survival (OS) (HR 0.53 95% 95%CI 0.32-088 p = 0.014), but not in multivariate, when infection was adjusted for other variables as SCT, stage and TPC. Conclusions: This is the first study of infection in MM in Colombia, which could guide the prophylaxis in MM in our setting. A high percentage of infections occurred during treatment, especially in induction which there are a greater tumor load and density of therapy and early SCT, in which bone marrow aplasia occurs. CD and bacterial infections were the most frequent. Infections are associated with lower OS in univariate but not in multivariate analysis likely because patient status, treatment intensity and SCT are also associated with infection and but potentially lower overall mortality. LDH, albumin and immunological populations evaluated with FC were associated with increased risk of infections, thus that these parameters could guide the prophylaxis.

Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Induced Senescence: A New Pathologic Player for Colorectal Cancer?

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is responsible for a high percentage of gastrointestinal infections and its pathological activity is due to toxins A and B. C. difficile infection (CDI) is increasing worldwide due to the unstoppable spread of C. difficile in the anthropized environment and the progressive human colonization. The ability of C. difficile toxin B to induce senescent cells and the direct correlation between CDI, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could cause an accumulation of senescent cells with important functional consequences. Furthermore, these senescent cells characterized by long survival could push pre-neoplastic cells originating in the colon towards the complete neoplastic transformation in colorectal cancer (CRC) by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pre-neoplastic cells could appear as a result of various pro-carcinogenic events, among which, are infections with bacteria that produce genotoxins that generate cells with high genetic instability. Therefore, subjects who develop IBS and/or IBD after CDI should be monitored, especially if they then have further CDI relapses, waiting for the availability of senolytic and anti-SASP therapies to resolve the pro-carcinogenic risk due to accumulation of senescent cells after CDI followed by IBS and/or IBD.

Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with HIV Coinfection in Pará, Brazil.

Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance to public health due to its epidemiological diversity, with emphasis on the possibility of aggravation by coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim was to study the epidemiological characteristics of VL cases associated with HIV coinfection in Pará. Methods. Reported cases of VL from January 2006 to December 2016 were investigated. A descriptive epidemiological method related to age, gender, area of residence and coinfection with HIV was used. To calculate variance and test equity, the F-test (Fisher) was performed. To observe the influence of one aspect on another, the chi-square was used to verify if there was dependence or independence between the variables. A total of 1171 cases of VL were reported during the study period. There was an annual mean of LV of 94.9, with a statistical difference (p<0.05) between age groups, with the highest number of cases being observed in children aged 1 to 4 years (27.16%). Males and the urban area had a higher number of cases. There were 57 cases of VL/HIV coinfection, with emphasis on the year 2013 and the municipality of Santarém, which had the highest number of cases. During the ten years studied, there was a correlation between coinfection VL/ HIV, with significant differences between patients with and without HIV who contracted VL (p<0.001). The data reveal the endemic nature of VL in the region, with a high percentage of infection in children living in urban areas. Although the studied region is not identified as a predominant area of HIV cases, this study showed a high annual average (10.3) of cases of VL/HIV coinfection being the first time that cases of VL/HIV coinfection were reported in the Mesoregion of the Lower Amazon and Southwest Pará.

Study on prevalence of Trichomomas vaginalis in Samarra city with observation of alcoholic extract effect of Peganum harmala plant in vitro

Background: Although metronidazole (MTZ) is widely used to treat trichomoniasis, theprevalence of metronidazole-resistance and its unpleasant adverse effects are wellrecognized. This drew the attention to the investigation of other lines of treatment, as that ofherbal medicine. Peganum harmala plant proved to have important medicinal role. Somestudies proved the antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic properties of P. harmalaplant. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of crude alcoholicextract of P. harmala on Trichomonas vaginalis growth in vitro and motility in comparisonto MTZ. Methodology: Alcoholic extract were prepared from seeds of P. harmala plant.Different concentrations of P. harmala plant and MTZ were tested for their effect on thegrowth and motility of T. vaginalis h i i i i i iResults: Present results showed the percentage of total infection was 62% with 100%sensitivity according to mode of di i imedium. Infection ratio varied according to age groups, where highest percentage ofinfection was 74% at 21-25 years old, followed 70% at 31-35 years old, while lowestpercentage was 47% at 15-20 years old. Present results showed infection ratio in nonpregnantand pregnant women 62% and 0% respectively, as for the symptoms, thepercentage of vaginal secretion reach to 70%, while percentage of itchy feeling was least(60%). Parasite numbers began with replication and increased during a period 24-48 hoursfrom growth then began to decrease during a period 72-96 hours, so that 72 hours fromgrowth considered logarithmic phase of T. vaginalis. Existing results evident to toxic effectof P. harmala at concentrations (150, 250, 350 and 450) mg/ml on T. vaginalis by observinggradual decrease of parasite numbers with concentrate increase of extract an inverserelationship during growth periods (24, 48, 72 and 96) hours. Conclusions: P. harmala hada statistically highly significant inhibitory effect on T. vaginalis as that of MTZ. Thissuggests that P. harmala may be promising phytotherapeutic agent for trichomoniasis.