Highest OR Value Research Articles

A Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Household Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Stunting and Non-Stunting Toddlers

Background: Stunting, wasting, and underweight are growth disorders in children under 5 years of age due to malnutrition in Indonesia. The level of macronutrient intake is a risk factor that directly influences stunting and wasting. Food insecurity is associated with poverty, malnutrition, and hunger. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze food and nutritional insecurity in households with stunting and non-stunting toddlers, using a multivariate model. Method: This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. Using the Lemeshow formula, 142 samples were obtained from a population of 822 children under five. Food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), diversity using IDDS, and macronutrient intake using 2x24-hour food recall. Stunting, wasting, and underweight were measured based on anthropometry. Bivariate analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Food insecurity, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, underweight, and maternal nutritional knowledge had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. These results also showed that the underweight variable was the most dominant cause of stunting because it had the highest OR value of 18.572. The OR value showed that underweight toddlers were 18.572 times more likely to have a stunting nutritional status. Conclusions: Toddlers categorized as underweight face an 18.572 times higher likelihood of experiencing stunting in their nutritional status.

Factors Related to Husband's Involment in Antenatal Care Visits in High Risk Pregnant Women

High-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy that can cause harm and complications to the mother and fetus during pregnancy, childbirth or after delivery compared to normal pregnancy and childbirth. The aim of this research is to determine "Factors Associated with Husband's Involvement in Antenatal Care Visits for High Risk Pregnant Women". The design in this research is cross-sectional. The sample in the study was 187 people. The validated questionnaire was used in collecting data for this research. and analyzed univariately using frequency distribution, bivariate using chi-square test, and multivariate using logistic regression test. The research results showed that age (p=0.875), education (p=0.004), income (p=0.015). Based on the multivariate results, it was found that the most dominant factor related to husband's involvement in antenatal care visits was education with the highest OR value of 0.139.

Analysis Related Factors with Behavior Use Method Contraception Long Term in Active KB Acceptors in the Family Planning Village Program in Sungai Penuh City

Method Contraception Long Term (MKJP) is possible contraception used for a period long time, more than two years, effectively and efficiently For objective space birth is more than three years or end pregnancy in couples age already fertile no want to add child Again. Based on the data obtained found that active KB acceptors that is not 51.7 % used MKJP and only 48.3% used MKJP. Analysis is done in a way univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Research results obtained that amount children (p-value 0.016), access service health (p-value 0.329), knowledge (p value 0.003), attitude (p value 0.014), support family (p value 0.048), and source information (p value 0.009). Based on the results Multivariate obtained the most dominant factor related to behavior use of MKJP, namely knowledge with the highest OR value was 1.897.

The association of age, gender, and physical inactivity with obesity

Obesity is a growing global health concern, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between obesity and age, sex, and physical inactivity. This study used secondary data from Puskesmas Johar Baru in Central Jakarta in 2021. The total initial data were 102,647 patients, the data eligible for sampling was 72,680 patients, and 22, 297 (24 %) patients were obese. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25 software, bivariate analysis (chi-square test), and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression with the enter method), at a significance level of 0.05. The Chi-Square test showed that age, sex, and lack of physical activity had a significant relationship with ob with (p ≤ 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the gender variable had the highest OR value of 12.925, where the majority of respondents who suffered from obesity were female, so they had a greater risk of suffering from obesity. These findings underscore the importance of sex variables in the context of obesity in Puskesmas Johar Baru and highlight the differences in obesity prevalence by age and sex. Middle-aged adults, especially women, are more prone to obesity, which is supported by a lack of physical activity.

Correlation between Oral Contraceptive Use and the Incidence of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the cervix and is the second most common type of cancer experienced by women in the world. Causes of cervical cancer include HPV infection, use of oral contraceptives, age of marriage, parity and exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to determine the correlation between oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical cancer. This literature study research involved secondary data derived from the Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct databases. The keywords applied in the study were oral contraceptives, birth control pills AND cervical cancer. The journals involved were searched for similarities, dissimilarities and compared to one another. As mentioned in 11 journals, long-term use of oral contraceptives of ≥5 years could increase the risk of cervical cancer. Furthermore, three journals stated the grade of cervical precancerous lesions of CIN 2/3 as the risk factor of cervical cancer, and two journals stated the grade of cervical cancer of stage 2/2+ as the risk factor of cervical cancer. Based on the chi-square test results, 4 journals presented a significance value (p-value) of <0.05, which indicated a correlation between oral contraceptives and the incidence of cervical cancer. 9 other journals found the highest OR value = 9.11 and the lowest OR = 1.50 which meant that women who used Oral contraceptives were 9 times more at risk of developing cervical cancer. Oral contraceptive use was associated with cervical cancer based on the duration of use of more than 5 years and led to a risk of causing CIN 2/3 among women. There were other factors that could affect the incidence of cervical cancer, namely age of marriage, parity and exposure to cigarette smoke.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) serum level and genetic polymorphisms associated with cutaneous leishmania infections

IntroductionCutaneous leishmaniasis is considered a parasitic contagion resulting from the flagellated parasite belonging to the genus of Leishmania. Also, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic ailment transmitted through the bloodsucking sand-flies bite (belonging to the Phlebotomus genus). The disease's reservoirs included wild or semi-domesticated animals, in general rodents and dogs. Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is one of the extracellular matrix proteins that have a role in vessel wall degeneration and aneurysm development. In addition, it belongs to the zinc-dependent endopeptidases family that are involved in the degradation of connective tissues proteins which are included in vascular integrity maintenance. The Genetic deviations in the TIMP-1 genes might impact their expression at the transcription level or the enzyme activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect the impact of TIMP-1 serum level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs41454248 and rs1043428 among the cutaneous leishmaniasis patients’ group compared to the control group. SubjectsSeventy-five cutaneous leishmaniasis patients (39 males and 36 females) with the age mean 23.91 ± 13.14 years participated in this study, compared to the matched number, age, and gender of a healthy control group (75: 38 males and 37 females) with the age mean 22.84 ± 4.35 years. In the current study, the serum level of TIM-1 and rs41454248 and rs1043428 SNPs were studied among the cutaneous leishmaniasis patients’ group compared to the control group. ResultsThe findings of the TIMP-1 level referred to a significant decrease among the cutaneous leishmaniasis patients’ group compared to the healthy control group (26339.67 ± 900.79 vs. 33480.25 ± 1098.63). Such, the rs41454248 SNPs findings referred that the GG genotype and G allele were non-significantly increased frequency percentage in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group compared to the healthy control group (29.33 vs. 18.67%, OR: 1.81, p = 0.180; 55.0 vs. 47.0%, OR: 1.38, p = 0.204 respectively). Also, the high OR value of GG genotype and G allele referred to this genotype and allele might be a risk factor for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Likewise, the findings of rs1043428 SNPs appeared that the CC genotype and C allele were significantly increased frequency percentage in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients' group compared to the control group (37.33 vs. 4.0%, OR: 14.30, p = 3.6 × 10−7; 57.0 vs. 21.33, OR: 4.82, p = 4.5 × 10−10). Also, the high OR value of CC genotype and C allele referred to this genotype and allele might be risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis. In addition, the CG genotype appeared a non-significant increased frequency percentage in the patients' group compared to the control group and the value of OR referred to might be a risk factor for cutaneous leishmaniasis (33.33 vs. 25.33, OR: 1.47, p = 0.370). In addition, the serum level of TIMP-1 with the rs41454248 was significantly decreased in GA and AA genotypes of the patients’ group compared to the control. While the level was non-significantly decreased in the GG genotype of the patients' group compared to the control group. Likewise, the level of TIMP-1 with the rs1043428 was non-significantly decreased in all genotypes (except TT genotype) of the patients' group compared to the control. Whereas, a significant decrease level was appeared in the TT genotype of the patients' group compared to the healthy control group. ConclusionThe current findings demonstrated a significant association between TIMP-1 serum level and genetic polymorphisms (rs1043428 and rs41454248) among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.

Role of Kisspeptin Gene Polymorphism in Idiopathic Male Infertility in Iraq

This case control study aimed to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Kisspeptin (KISS1) gene in males with idiopathic infertility and their association with sex hormones and semen quality. The study included a total of 60 infertile and 30 healthy fertile males. Our results show that the level of the measured hormones (LH, FSH, Testosterone, Prolactin and Kisspeptin-54) were higher in the control group than in the male infertile group at p<0.05. We used polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP) for the genotyping of KISS1 position rs35431622 (Q36R) KISS1, which showed three different genotypes of different sizes; a wild-type homozygous AA of 233 bp and a heterozygous AG that has digestion products of 233, 161, and 72 bp. The AG was more frequent in the patients group which also had high OR value of G allele (3.105). While for the rs4889 (C/G(, there was a correlation between the CC genotype and the patients group, but it was non-significant. Patients had an OR value of 2.5 for the CC genotype with 95% CI: 0.21 – 29.26, whereas the OR value for the C allele was 1.14 with 95% CI: 0.613 – 2.135. In conclusion, variations in SNPs of the KISS1 gene may be considered as a risk factor for idiopathic male infertility in Iraqi population.

Comment on: Risk factors for posterior capsule rupture in cataract surgery as reflected in the European Registry of Quality outcomes for cataract and refractive surgery

We read with interest the article by Segers et al. where they analyzed the data from a very large sample (more than 2 800 000 cases) obtained from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes (EUREQUO).1 The authors identified several risk factors associated with posterior capsule rupture, including hyperopic target refraction in the biometry. When comparing the eyes targeted for postoperative emmetropia (−0.50 to +0.50 diopters [D]), selecting a myopic target refraction <−1.50 D, turned out to be a protective factor (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.79, P < .001), whereas selecting a hyperopic target refraction (>0.50 D) was identified as a risk factor for posterior capsule rupture, and the higher the hyperopic target refraction, the greater the risk. For mild hyperopic target refraction, that is +0.51 to +1.50 D, multivariate logistic regression model showed OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.43, P < .001, and for higher hyperopic target refraction, that is >+1.50 D, the results showed OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13-1.65, P < .001. Unfortunately, this information about the target refraction selected by the surgeon when calculating the power of the intraocular lens to be implanted cannot be directly related to anatomical characteristics of the eyeball, and therefore, the conclusions reached are based on assumptions that are not always correct. For example, within the group of eyes with a myopic target refraction <−1.50 D, there could be eyes with any axial length and any previous refractive error, because it could simply be due to the surgeon trying to leave the patient with a monovision. Something similar happens with hyperopic target refraction, because, for example, if a high myopic had a refractive surprise in the first eye, the surgeon could have selected hyperopic target refraction for the second eye to avoid anisometropia, and this does not mean that it was a short eye. This weakness makes it very difficult to reach reliable conclusions about this parameter of the target refraction. On the other hand, some parameters that can be very useful, and that are determined in all eyes undergoing cataract surgery, are the biometric data: the axial length and the depth of the anterior chamber. The various devices available to perform these measurements have shown considerable similarity in their results.2 This information would allow to reach much more reliable conclusions regarding risk factors for posterior capsule rupture. It would be an interesting alternative to evaluate the possibility of including them within the EUREQUO form. Finally, according to Table 2 the parameter “Other comorbidity” was also significantly associated with posterior capsule rupture, and indeed, it was the second highest OR value obtained, surpassed only by corneal opacities (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.91-3.16, P < .001). It is crucial, then, to define which comorbidities were included in this item. In order that this information is more specific, it would be justified consider modifying that question in the form, requiring that if the surgeon answers other, the comorbidity must be described.

The Related Factors to the Behaviour of Pregnant Women in Maternity Planning and Complication Prevention Program

One of the breakthrough efforts that can reduce the maternal mortality rate as is Maternity Planning and Complication Prevention is expected to motivate the behavior of pregnant women in an effort to accelerate the reduction of maternal mortality. The high maternal mortality rate in Pringsewu regency is caused by a lack of screening for pregnant woman because it is suspected that there are still many high – risk pregnant woman who have not been found or have not come to health facilities. The aim of the research is knowledge of factors associated with behavior of pregnant women in childbirth planning and complication prevention programs. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The data was collected by questionnaire tool. The population in this study were pregnant women who had an antenatal care in January 2021 at 3 public health centers that representing Pringsewu Regency, namely the community health center which had the highest moderate, and lowest coverage of Pregnancy visits 1 and 4 visits as many as 122 pregnant women. While the sample in this study was 96 pregnant women. Before the data collection, a questionnaire was tested on 30 respondents. The data analysis in this study is univariate test, bivariate test, and multivariate test. Based on the results of the study, it is known that some of pregnant women in Pringsewu regency have good behaviour, namely 62,5%. The results showed that there were 5 variables that had a significant relationship with the behavior of pragnant women in complication preventif program including knowledge (p value 0,030),attitudes (p value 0,000), availability of infrastructure (p value 0,033), distance to health facilities (p value 0,030) and husband’s support (p value 0,017). The most dominant variable related to the behaviour of pregnant women in complication prevention program is attitude where has the highest OR value of 5,881. In order to inprove the behavior of the community,especially pregnant women in complication prevention program, the Departement of Health needs to empower the community such as implementing the standby village, so that the community is able to independently fulfill the health facilities or infrastructure that are not yet available, namely village ambulances and village blood banks to support the implementation of complication prevention program so as to reduce maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR).

The Factors that are Related to Visiting Participants of the Chronic Disease Management Program to the Prolanis Aerobic Club in Lampung Central Regency, 2020

Over the past two decades, there has been a significant epidemiological transition, non-infectious diseases have become a major burden, even though the burden of non-infectious diseases is still heavy. The number of Prolanis Clubs in Central Lampung is 78, which consists of 39 clubs which are in 39 Community Health Centers and 39 Clubs from Private First Level Health Clinics and Private Practitioners. The number of Prolanis participants in Central Lampung Regency was 3397 participants, with the most in the ArafaH Clinic as many as 396 participants. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with the visit of Chronic Disease Management Program participants to the Prolanis Club in Central Lampung Regency in 2020.&#x0D; This study uses a cross sectional study design. The study population was all Prolanis participants. A sample of 215 people. Data collection using a questionnaire filled directly by respondents, data analysis using logistic regression tests.&#x0D; The results showed there was a relationship of knowledge (p value 0.002. OR 2.5), attitude (p value 0,000. OR 5.29), perception (p value 0,000. OR 3.8), family support (p value 0.003. OR 2 , 4), accessibility (p value 0,000. OR 3,2) with Prolanis participants 'visit to Prolanis Club in Central Lampung Regency in 2020. Attitude is the most dominant factor related to Prolanis participants' visit to Prolanis Club, which has the highest OR value, namely 11,266. Suggestions for the research are expected that health workers carrying out prolanist activities increase their role as educators by providing education about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension and emphasizing the importance of participating in prolanist activities so as to increase the positive attitude of prolanist participants towards Prolanist activities.

The Effect of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Covid-19 on the Work Stress of Nurses in Emergency Installations of the General Hospital Center Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo

Disease transmission among health workers is associated with overcrowding, absence of isolation facilities, and environmental contamination. Knowledge of disease will influence the attitude and practice of medical staff. Wrong attitudes and practices directly increase the risk of infection. This study aims to analyze the influence of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) nurses who handle the COVID-19 pandemic in the Emergency Room of the General Hospital Center (RSUP) Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. This research is a quantitative research. The design used was analytic observational with a cross-sectional study approach. A sample of 83 nurses was selected using purposive sampling technique with the criteria of nurses on duty in the hospital. Data were analyzed using the Logistic Regression test. The results of multivariate analysis obtained p-value below 0.05 (p &lt;0.05), meaning that the attitude and practice variables had an influence on the dependent variable (job stress). For the most dominant variable that affects work stress, it can be seen from the largest OR value, namely practice with OR = 4.484. The high OR value obtained means that practice is the most dominant variable affecting the dependent variable, namely work stress. The hospital management identifies the behavior of each employee in an effort to adjust their needs, provides training programs to maintain and protect themselves while working, and the incentives obtained. So that employees can work calmly and be confident in their work. It is suggested for further research to be able to use other research designs, so that we can find out factors other than KAP that can affect work stress, either directly or indirectly.

Elevated blood urea nitrogen is associated with recurrence of post-operative chronic subdural hematoma

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable with about a 2–31% recurrence rate. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the association between Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and intracranial lesion. Therefore, this paper attempts to show the relationship between BUN and CSDH recurrence.MethodsA total of 653 CSDH cases with Burr-hole Irrigation (BHI) were enrolled from December 2014 to April 2019. The analyzed parameters included age, gender, comorbidities, laboratory investigations, medication use and hematoma location. The cases were divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups while postoperative BUN concentration was further separated into quartiles (Q1 ≤ 4.0 mmol/L, 4.0 < Q2 ≤ 4.9 mmol/L, 4.9 < Q3 ≤ 6.4 mmol/L, Q4 > 6.4 mmol/L). Restricted cubic spline regressions and logistic regression models were performed to estimate the effect of BUN on CSDH recurrence.ResultsCSDH recurrence was observed in 96 (14.7%) cases. Significant distinctions were found between recurrence and non-recurrence groups in postoperative BUN quartiles of cases (P = 0.003). After adjusting for the potential confounders, the odds ratio of recurrence was 3.069 (95%CI =1.488–6.330, p = 0.002) for the highest quartile of BUN compared with the lowest quartile. In multiple-adjusted spline regression, a high BUN level visually showed a significantly high OR value of recurrence risk.ConclusionsElevated BUN at post-operation is significantly associated with the recurrence of CSDH, and it is indicated that high levels of serum BUN after evacuation may serve as a risk factor for CSDH recurrence.

Hand grip strength as a predictor of recovery from low back pain in the pregnant women-a prospective study

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence ranging from 30% to 78%. The symptoms usually disappear gradually after delivery, but some women may have persistent problems even later in their lives. The definite mechanism behind LBP during pregnancy remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether hand grip strength (HGS), which is a straightforward and reliable indicator of overall muscle strength, is associated with unrecovered LBP after delivery. Methods257 pregnant women who registered at obstetrics units in two tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to June 2017 and meanwhile suffered the LBP during pregnancy were included. They were grouped based on whether they recovered from LBP after delivery (recovery was defined as a pain rating of ≤3). The variables such as age, HGS, and education level were recorded and examined for the risk analysis of unrecovered LBP. Also, the Pearson correlation between HGS levels and pain intensities was investigated. ResultsLBP without recovery at two years after delivery was reported among 22.7% of the subjects. Women with increasing age, low HGS (<25 kg), LBP in a previous pregnancy, back pain, sick leave, and a large amount of physical demand (all p < 0.05), were more likely to report LBP without recovery. Besides, there was a significant correlation between HGS values and the intensities of LBP (r = −0.525; p = 0.003). ConclusionsLow HGS has the highest OR value (adjusted OR = 9.12, P < 0.001) among these factors. The present findings may be used to design and encourage a specific stabilization exercise regime to build well stability of the lumbar spinal column and thus alleviating the LBP.

Diagnostic Value of Six Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS) in Cytologically Equivocal Thyroid Nodules.

The aim was to compare the usefulness of selected thyroid sonographic risk-stratification systems in the diagnostics of nodules with indeterminate/suspicious cytology or unequivocal cytology in a population with a history of iodine deficiency. The diagnostic efficacy of ACR-TIRADS (the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems), EU-TIRADS (European Thyroid Association TIRADS), Korean-TIRADS, Kwak-TIRADS, AACE/ACE-AME-guidelines (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/ American College of Endocrinology-Associazione Medici Endocrinologi guidelines) and ATA-guidelines (American Thyroid Association guidelines) was evaluated in 1000 nodules with determined histopathological diagnosis: 329 FLUS/AUS (10.6% cancers), 167 SFN/SHT (11.6% cancers), 44 SM (77.3% cancers), 298 BL (benign lesions), 162 MN (malignant neoplasms). The percentage of PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma) among cancers was higher in Bethesda MN (86.4%) and SM (suspicion of malignancy) nodules (91.2%) than in FLUS/AUS (57.1%, p < 0.005) and SFN/SHT (suspicion of follicular neoplasm/ suspicion of Hürthle cell tumor) nodules (36.8%, p < 0.001). TIRADS efficacy was higher for MN (AUC: 0.827–0.874) and SM nodules (AUC: 0.775–0.851) than for FLUS/AUS (AUC: 0.655–0.701) or SFN/SHT nodules (AUC: 0.593–0.621). FLUS/AUS (follicular lesion of undetermined significance/ atypia of undetermined significance) nodules assigned to a high risk TIRADS category had malignancy risk of 25%. In the SFN/SHT subgroup none TIRADS category changed nodule’s malignancy risk. EU-TIRADS and AACE/ACE-AME-guidelines would allow diagnosing the highest number of PTC, FTC (follicular thyroid carcinoma), HTC (Hürthle cell carcinoma), MTC (medullary thyroid carcinoma). The highest OR value was for Kwak-TIRADS (12.6) and Korean-TIRADS (12.0). Conclusions: TIRADS efficacy depends on the incidence of PTC among cancers. All evaluated TIRADS facilitate the selection of FLUS/AUS nodules for the surgical treatment but these systems are not efficient in the management of SFN/SHT nodules.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI SAYUR DAN BUAH REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 238 JAKARTA

Vegetables and fruit are generally food groups that are consumed by many people because many contains of benefits. Even though, in Indonesia consumption of vegetables and fruit still less than recommendation. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the consumption of vegetables and fruit adolescent at SMP NEGERI 238 Jakarta. This research uses design cross sectional and sampling using system random sampling that gets 107 students class VII, VIII, and IX in January 2020. The data obtained is based on the result of the questionnaire, form SQ-FFQ and Recall 24hour. Statistic data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression test. The result of this study indicate that adolescent who consumed vegetables and fruit according to recommendations per day are 24,3%. Bivariate result indicate there were significant relationship between self efficacy (p = 0,034), availability vegetables and fruit (p = 0,048), parental influence (p = 0,032), and there is no significant relationship between knowledge (p= 0,063). Multivariate result indicate there were signification relationship between knowledge, self efficacy, availability vegetables and fruit, and parental influence to consumption of vegetables and fruit, with highest OR value 5,634 on parental influence.

The value of preoperative clinical and sonographic characteristics of clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinomain predicting central lymph node metastasis

Objective To investigate the association of preoperative clinical and sonographic characteristics of clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Methods A total of 514 patients with PTC confirmed by pathology in our hospital were included in the retrospective analysis. Clinical and sonographic characteristics were assessed including age, gender, tumor size, and the distance between the tumor and the capsule. These cases were all diagnosed as cN0 according to clinical and sonography examinations. And the cases were divided into CLNM(+ ) group and CLNM(-) group based on the pathological results. Then statistical analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CLNM and risk factors of cN0 PTCs. Results ①Of the 514 cN0 PTC cases, 211 cases (41.1%) were CLNM (+ ) and 303 cases (58.9%) were CLNM (-). ②With the presence of capsule invasion in the ultrasound examination, the probability of CLNM(+ ) group was higher than that of CLNM(-) group (62.1% vs 37.9%). ③In the 364 cases without capsule invasion, the probability of CLNM (+ ) was significantly increased when the distance between the tumor and the capsule was <1.5 mm (88.8% vs 11.2%). ④Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors independently associated with CLNM included age <45 years old, tumor maximum diameter ≥10 mm, and the distance between the tumor and the capsule <1.5 mm, among which the distance between the tumor and the capsule <1.5 mm had the highest OR value. Conclusions In cN0 PTC patients, CLNM is associated with age, size and the distance between the tumor and the capsule. Key words: Ultrasonography; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Central lymph node metastasis

Relationship of Knowledge, Attitude and Infrastructure Means with Community Behavior in the Eradication Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Port of Padangbai Karangasem

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that is still a problem in Indonesia, including Bali. The Padangbai Karangasem port area is one of the entrances to countries that are not yet free from dengue fever cases, because there are still reported cases of dengue fever. The number of House of Aedes Flicking Index is still more than 1%. Based on Minister of Health Decree number 431 of 2007 Port Buffer Area &lt;1%. The implementation of the Mosquito Nest Eradication through 3M Plus is the most effective effort to prevent the transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and infrastructure with the behavior of implementing the Eradication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Nests. The research design was quantitative with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in the Padangbai Karangasem Port Area, Bali. Data collection used a questionnaire about Knowledge, Attitudes,facilities and infrastructure and Behavior for Eradicating Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Eradication. The number of samples of 89 respondents was taken proportional random sampling. The results showed that Knowledge, Attitudes and Infrastructure were significantly related to the eradication behavior of dengue fever mosquitoes due to the value of p&lt;α=0.,05. The most dominant variable associated with the implementation behavior of Eradication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Eradication is Knowledge Variable because the highest OR value is 4.287 compared to Attitudes and infrastructure.

EXPOSURE TO MASS MEDIA AS A DOMINANT FACTOR INFLUENCING PUBLIC STIGMA TOWARD MENTAL ILLNESS BASED ON SUNRISE MODEL APPROACH

Background: The person suffering mental disorders is not only burdened by his condition but also by the stigma. The impact of stigma extremely influences society which is considered to be an obstacle in the mental disorder therapy. Stigma as the society adverse view towards severe mental disorders is related with the cultural aspect. The interaction appeared from each component of nursing model, called sunrise model, is a model developed by Madeleine Leininger that connects with the wide society views about severe mental disorders condition.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to public stigma and to find out the dominant factors related to public stigma about severe mental illness through sunrise model approach in Indonesia.&#x0D; Methods: This study used observational analytical design with cross sectional approach. There were 150 respondents contributed in this study selected using purposive sampling technique. Spearman Rank and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis.&#x0D; Results: The results showed a significant relationship between mass media exposure, spiritual well-being, interpersonal contact, attitude, and knowledge with public stigma about mental illness. The result of multiple logistic regression revealed that the low exposure of mass media had the highest OR value at 26.744.&#x0D; Conclusion: There were significant correlations between mass media exposure, spiritual well-being, interpersonal contact, attitude, and knowledge with public stigma toward mental illness. Mass media exposure was a dominant factor influencing public stigma toward mental illness.

Study on epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of stroke among adult residents in the urban areas of Tianjin

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of stroke among adult residents in the urban areas of Tianjin, and provide references for directive population intervention.MethodsA total of 28 515...

A case-crossover study between heat waves and daily death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

To explore the impct of heat wave on the daily deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing. A case-crossover design was used to study the impact of 5 heat waves on the daily number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular disease, from Jan. 1, 1999 to Jun. 30, 2000. We also investigated the relationship between the heat wave and acute myocardial infarction deaths. The 7th day before death was chose as the indicator of self-control. The OR value of different lengths of risk period was calculated. The highest OR value and its corresponding risk period was used to reflect the impact of heat wave on daily number of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths, lag days and their durations. There were five heat waves during the study period. The first heat wave lasted for 9 days, with the maximum temperature as 38.8°C and average humidity as 46.7%. The OR value for the cardiovascular disease death, cerebrovascular disease death and acute myocardial infarction death were 1.384 (95%CI: 1.128 - 1.697), 1.776 (95%CI: 1.456 - 2.167) and 1.276 (95%CI: 0.905 - 1.799) respectively. The second heat wave lasted 3 days, with the maximum temperature of 36.8°C and average humidity of 61.0%. The OR value for the three causes of death were 1.385 (95%CI: 0.678 - 2.826), 1.300 (95%CI: 0.726 - 2.329) and 2.000 (95%CI: 0.684 - 5.851) respectively. The third heat wave continued for 7 days, with the maximum temperature of 41.5°C, and average humidity of 58.5%. The OR value for the daily death counts caused by cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction were 2.613 (95%CI: 2.116 - 3.228), 2.317 (95%CI: 1.875 - 2.863) and 3.088 (95%CI: 2.098 - 4.546) respectively. The fourth wave lasted for 3 days, with the maximum temperature as 39.6°C and average humidity as 31.9%. The OR value for the deaths caused by cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction were 1.333 (95%CI: 0.724 - 2.457), 2.429 (95%CI: 1.007 - 5.856) and 3.333 (95%CI: 0.917 - 12.112) respectively. The fifth heat wave lasted for 4 days. The maximum temperature was 37.4°C, and the average humidity was 42.0% during the period. The OR value for daily death counts caused by cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction were 2.333 (95%CI: 1.187 - 4.588), 1.727 (95%CI: 0.822 - 3.630) and 1.800 (95%CI: 0.603 - 5.371) respectively. (1) There were significant increases for daily death counts of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in Beijing during the heat wave and there appeared hysteresis effect as well. The lag phase of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease death was generally 2 - 4 days and acute myocardial infarction death usually was 0 - 2 days. (2) The rising of maximum temperature was greater at the beginning day of heat wave than the previous day, but the lag time was shorter, and the risk of death was greater, especially for the risk of deaths from cerebrovascular disease. (3) Fluctuations of daily maximum air temperature during the heat wave could increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.