High Number Of Followers Research Articles

Food depiction in posts of the most popular Lithuanian influencers on Instagram and Facebook

Abstract Background Considering that content published in social networks might act as risk factor to health, we aimed to assess the prevalence of posts depicting food published by Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram. Materials and methods All publicly available posts (6425 in total) created by 21 most popular Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram in 2022 were included. The content analysis of the posts was performed and information about food and other health-related factors was registered. Distribution of the posts depicting food was assessed according to social networks, gender, age, and number of followers of influencers. Results Every fourth (22.6%) post presented foods. Among these posts, fast food was presented in 10.2%, sweets - in 35.5%, vegetables - in 59.5%, fruits and berries - in 40.7%, cereals - in 39.2%, dairy products - in 36.8%, meat - in 26.6%, sea food - in 12.1%. Overall, women, older influencers, influencers with higher number of followers more frequently posted posts depicting vegetables (respectively, 21.0% vs 5.5%, 18.6% vs 6.7%, 18.3% vs 9.3%), fruits and berries (respectively, 14.5% vs 3.8%, 12.0% vs 6.4%, 11.4% vs 8.3%), cereals (respectively, 13.7% vs 4.7%, 12.2% vs 5.6%, 11.2% vs 8.2%), dairy products (respectively, 13.0% vs 3.2%, 11.0% vs 5.0%, 10.8% vs 6.3%), meat (respectively, 8.6% vs 4.1%, 7.9% vs 4.4%). Women and older influencers more frequently depicted sweets (respectively, 13.3% vs 7.1%, 12.6% vs 7.1%), sea food (respectively, 4.4% vs 1.5%, 3.8% vs 2.0%). More posts portraying food in general, fast food, vegetables, milk and dairy products were posted on Instagram (respectively, 27.5% vs 19.8%, 3.4% vs 2.1%, 16.6% vs 13.4%, 10.0% vs 8.3%) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Every fourth post depict food, more frequently on Instagram. Healthy and unhealthy foods are presented with similar frequency. Female influencers, older influencers and influencers with higher number of followers more frequently depict foods. Key messages • Both healthy and unhealthy foods are presented with similar frequency on social networks – this might lead to the overconsumption of unhealthy foods. • Differences in depiction of foods between social networks and influencers with different gender, age and number of followers should be taken into account when implementing public health interventions.

Luxury depiction in posts of the most popular Lithuanian influencers on Instagram and Facebook

Abstract Background Studies show that depiction of high living standards in social media is related to mental health problems. Influencers in social networks are those who might publish such content and reach high numbers of people. We aimed to assess the prevalence of luxury depiction in posts published by Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram. Materials and methods All publicly available posts created by 21 most popular Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram in 2022 were included. The content analysis of the posts was performed and information about luxury and other lifestyle factors was registered. Distribution of the posts depicting luxury was compared according to social networks where they were published and characteristics of the influencers: gender, age, number of followers, and the target audience. Results A total number of 6425 posts were analysed. Every fifth (18.2%) post depicted luxury. Posts depicting luxury were published on Facebook and Instagram with a similar frequency (p = 0.066). Among these posts, luxury brands were presented in 7.5%, luxury hotels and restaurants - in 7.1%, luxurious trips - in 63.0%, luxurious cars - in 27.6%, luxurious activities - in 0.8%, and jewellery - in 0.5%. Overall, men, older influencers, influencers with higher number of followers more frequently posted content depicting luxury (respectively, 29.0% vs. 10.6%, 20.2% vs. 14.5%, 20.3% vs. 15.4%, p-value less than 0.001). Luxury was more frequently depicted in posts targeted to male audience than targeted to female or unisex audiences (respectively, 46.6% vs. 10.5% vs. 20.7%, p-value less than 0.001). Conclusions Every fifth post of Lithuanian influencers depicts luxury. Luxurious trips are depicted most frequently. Male and older influencers, and those with more followers more frequently depict luxury-related content. Luxury is most frequently depicted in posts targeted to male audience. Key messages • Every fifth post of Lithuanian influencers depicts luxury – this might be considered as an important risk factor for public mental health. • Higher prevalence of luxury depiction targeted to male audience should be taken into account when implementing public health interventions.

Understanding following patterns among high-performance athletes

Abstract Professional sport enhances social interaction among athletes through meetings such as training groups, large-scale competitions and sponsored events. Among these, the Olympic Games represent the largest international competition, having a unique global impact. This event is assumed to promote international cooperation through the values of sport, becoming an opportunity for creating global connections between athletes. Here we want to understand the properties of the following activity, an indicator of the information flows, between highly successful Olympic athletes both at microscopic and macroscopic scales. To do so, we built a database including the Twitter usernames of Olympic medallists in Tokyo 2020, using it for creating the follower-followee network, a directed network representing who followed whom in this social network. From our database of 1052 athletes, we found 7326 connections among 964 athletes. The most popular athletes, those with highest number of followers, were Kevin Durant (basketball, USA), Allyson Felix (athletics, USA), Teddy Riner (judo, France), Alex Morgan (football, USA) and Simone Biles (gymnastics, USA). The macro-scale network structure displayed organized patterns related to microscopic—node—properties such as sex, country and sport, evidencing assortative connectivity patterns. These assortative patterns highlighted the need for a model quantifying the features’ importance in the followees choice, which we introduced through a gravity approach modelling the number of connections between homogeneous groups. Our research remarks the importance of datasets built from public exposure of professional athletes, serving as a proxy to investigate interesting aspects of many complex socio-cultural systems at different scales.

Dijitalde yeni benlik aranıyor: Cinsiyetsizlik söylemleri üzerine bir çalışma

The concept of self-expresses a person's views on himself/herself. The uploads a person makes to himself/herself show how the self is perceived. The development and rapid spread of communication technologies have made digital technologies easily enter daily life. Many digital technology tools such as tablets, phones, and computers have created an environment allowing people to present their self-presentations and selves virtually. Mainly because social media applications allow for making friends, creating a new identity and profile, and meeting the need for socialization. Their structure allows for communication, which brings about the use of these channels by many individuals. The recent spread of the concept of genderlessness by influencers especially shows that a new one has been added to how the self is constructed through social media. In the method section, this study discussed Instagram, one of Turkey's most used social media platforms. Two influencers with the highest number of followers in Turkey and Europe, who emphasize genderlessness discourses, were examined within the sample. According to the findings, influencers emphasize genderlessness discourses.

Sharenting: characteristics and awareness of parents publishing sensitive content of their children on online platforms

BackgroundThe term “sharenting” describes the increasingly popular habit of parents to share photos, videos, or other information regarding their children on their social profiles, through online platforms. It is highly likely that many parents are posting content about their underage children online with little knowledge of the risks associated with this practice. This study aims to investigate whether variables such as parents’ age, gender, marital status, occupation and educational level influence the practice of sharing child-related content and the degree of awareness.MethodsWe performed a pilot cross-sectional study, based on an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to parents of underage children attending the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, in Rome, Italy, by researchers, through the google forms platform; qualitative variables were generated on excel sheets and a statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Ibm-statistics using the chi-square test.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-eight parents of children under 18 years of age completed the questionnaire (82% mothers, 18% fathers); 98% of the respondents used social media and 75% of them published their children’s related content online. Thirty-one percent of the compilers started their practice of sharenting in the first 6 months of life of their child. Our analysis showed that compared to parents who do not post online, parents who usually post online their children are significantly more likely to be partial employees or unemployed (p = 0,002), with lower educational level (p = 0,05), younger (less than 35 years of age (p = 0,01)) and have a higher number of followers (p < 0,001). Finally, 93% of the compilers were not aware of the current legislation and of the risks related to the practice of sharenting.ConclusionsPediatricians, healthcare assistants and preventive healthcare professionals should play a central role in alerting parents and families to the risks of sharenting; the results of our study could draw their attention to the increasing practice of sharenting and make healthcare professionals active part in the protection of children.

Sosyal Medya Aracı Youtube Üzerinden Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğreten Portaller ve Kullandıkları Yöntemler

Technological developments affect human life more and more every day, and people's habits of using the internet and social media tools are constantly increasing. Considering that people spend most of their time on social media platforms today, these tendencies have caused them to start using social media tools for different purposes. One of these purposes is to learn a foreign language. In the research, language teaching portals, methods and effects on YouTube, one of the social media platforms used in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, were examined. In the study, data was obtained by document analysis method and designed as a case study within the framework of qualitative research method. Learning Turkish, speaking Turkish, Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language and Turkish lessons were written as keywords on the YouTube search page. Although there are rarely portals that users can access for a fee, more than 50 YouTube pages, which were generally created by volunteers or non-profit organizations, were accessed. Among these, the 30 YouTube portals with the highest number of followers and published content were examined in terms of the language skills targeted to be developed, content, number of followers and likes, and also comments. As a result of the findings and evaluations obtained as a result of the research, it was concluded that YouTube, as a social media tool, has positive effects on the development of both listening and speaking skills and grammar and vocabulary teaching in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Keywords: Turkish teaching, Social Media, Portal, Foreign language, Online

Insiders Versus Outsiders: A Comparative Study of Female Politician’s Social Media use

In the past, the media had a tendency to neglect women's issues, thereby restricting their visibility concerning development endeavours and political representation. However, this is changing due to technological advancements. Social media offers female politicians access to millions of users, freedom to interact directly with the electorate, bypass gatekeepers and opportunities for self-promotion. This research aims to investigate female politicians' social media use during their legislative terms with a focus on their self-presentation and the policy issues they support. The study involves content analysis of six female politicians from countries with a much lower female representation than their regional counterparts; three from Kenya and three from Hungary who have the highest number of followers on Twitter and Facebook respectively. The data was collected over a three-month period. The visuals were coded using 3 variables based on the insider and outsider perspective (Gulati 2004) while the text was coded in accordance with the 21 policy agendas defined by the Comparative Agendas Project codebook (Baumgartner 2019). The results indicate that a majority of female politicians in both countries, in the ruling parties presented themselves as insiders while those in the opposition presented themselves as outsiders. The insiders were majorly characterized by wearing of formal clothing, an important element of statesmanship, that portrays them as ideal candidates. In addition, the insiders' social media use was characterized by original content while outsiders reshared articles and retweets. Both Kenyan and Hungarian female politicians addressed women related policy issues. There were however some differences in social media use and self-presentation between the female politicians of the two countries such as the sharing of personal information and family pictures. The limitation of this study is that it does not fully represent the views and use of social media of all female politicians in Kenya and Hungary.

Social Network Analysis of e-Cigarette-Related Social Media Influencers on Twitter/X: Observational Study.

An e-cigarette uses a battery to heat a liquid that generates an aerosol for consumers to inhale. e-Cigarette use (vaping) has been associated with respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive functions. Recently, vaping has become increasingly popular, especially among youth and young adults. The aim of this study was to understand the social networks of Twitter (now rebranded as X) influencers related to e-cigarettes through social network analysis. Through the Twitter streaming application programming interface, we identified 3,617,766 unique Twitter accounts posting e-cigarette-related tweets from May 3, 2021, to June 10, 2022. Among these, we identified 33 e-cigarette influencers. The followers of these influencers were grouped according to whether or not they post about e-cigarettes themselves; specifically, the former group was defined as having posted at least five e-cigarette-related tweets in the past year, whereas the latter group was defined as followers that had not posted any e-cigarette-related tweets in the past 3 years. We randomly sampled 100 user accounts among each group of e-cigarette influencer followers and created corresponding social networks for each e-cigarette influencer. We compared various network measures (eg, clustering coefficient) between the networks of the two follower groups. Major topics from e-cigarette-related tweets posted by the 33 e-cigarette influencers included advocating against vaping policy (48.0%), vaping as a method to quit smoking (28.0%), and vaping product promotion (24.0%). The follower networks of these 33 influencers showed more connections for those who also post about e-cigarettes than for followers who do not post about e-cigarettes, with significantly higher clustering coefficients for the former group (0.398 vs 0.098; P=.005). Further, networks of followers who post about e-cigarettes exhibited substantially more incoming and outgoing connections than those of followers who do not post about e-cigarettes, with significantly higher in-degree (0.273 vs 0.084; P=.02), closeness (0.452 vs 0.137; P=.04), betweenness (0.036 vs 0.008; P=.001), and out-of-degree (0.097 vs 0.014; P=.02) centrality values. The followers who post about e-cigarettes also had a significantly (P<.001) higher number of followers (n=322) than that of followers who do not post about e-cigarettes (n=201). The number of tweets in the networks of followers who post about e-cigarettes was significantly higher than that in the networks of followers who do not post about e-cigarettes (93 vs 43; P<.001). Two major topics discussed in the networks of followers who post about e-cigarettes included promoting e-cigarette products or vaping activity (55.7%) and vaping being a help for smoking cessation and harm reduction (44.3%). Followers of e-cigarette influencers who also post about e-cigarettes have more closely connected networks than those of followers who do not themselves post about e-cigarettes. These findings provide a potentially practical intervention approach for future antivaping campaigns.

#nursing. What Nurses Do on Instagram- A Mixed Methods Study.

Social media use is increasing every year, and nurses use social media to connect with each other. As Instagram was the most downloaded application in 2022 worldwide, this study focused on nurses' use of Instagram in the context of the development of a professional identity and in support of the professionalization of nursing. The aim of the study was to find out how nurses use their Instagram profiles to influence their followers' professional identity and support the professionalization of nursing. Therefore, nurses' Instagram posts and the hashtags they used were analyzed. A visual content analysis to analyze different Instagram posts using a hierarchical cluster analysis, an ANOVA, and a qualitative content analysis were conducted. The most frequently used nursing-related hashtags were analyzed to include different Instagram profiles (n = 15) in the study. This study identified three different clusters of Instagram profiles, which can be characterized as "Show me what you do," "Let's do education," and "The things we believe in." Consequently, it can be stated that nurses who display their values and beliefs in Instagram reels, half in nursing settings and half at home, have the highest number of followers and significantly more comments per post. The cluster that showed significantly more knowledge-based posts had the lowest number of followers and significantly the lowest number of comments. The content analysis of the hashtags used suggested that nurses who identify themselves as such want to attract attention from other nurses who use nursing-related hashtags. The results reveal that there is a possible benefit of the use of social media in the development of the nursing profession and professional identity. Followers and interactions can be generated when Instagram users identify with the profile and wish to discuss professional beliefs and values.

What Determines the Number of Social Media Followers of Professional Cyclists: A Statistical Analysis

This paper examines which factors influence the change in the number of followers of professional cyclists on social media using a fixed-effects model on 33 days of panel data regarding the performance, activity, and content of Twitter messages of 795 cyclists. The analysis shows that a better race performance leads to more new followers. Posting social tweets has no effect, but posting social retweets does increase the number of new followers for riders with a low or medium number of followers. For parasocial tweets, the reverse is true: Parasocial retweets have no effect, while parasocial noninteractive tweets have a positive significant effect for riders with a low or high number of followers. Finally, for riders with a high number of followers, posting a general question to followers has a positive impact on the number of new followers. Cyclists and teams can use the results of this study to identify over- and underperformers in terms of social media success and to attract more followers with all the associated benefits.

Exploring the surge of negativity during the COVID-19 pandemic: computational text and sentiment analysis across eight newsrooms’ tweets

ABSTRACT The rise of Twitter as a news platform has radically changed the way we access, consume, and share news. Twitter becomes an important hub to quickly and easily access accurate information in times of crisis such as COVID-19 and is frequently used in journalism practices. This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic is covered by news agencies in the Twitter ecosystem, the weight of the news about the pandemic in tweets and the sentiment analysis of the news. Within the scope of the study, the tweets related to COVID-19 shared between 2020 and 2021 by eight news agencies (BBC World, Reuters, CNN, Associated Press, TRT World, AL Jazeera English, DW English, Euronews) that broadcast on a global scale and have a high number of followers on Twitter are analyzed by using text mining methods. Firstly, the frequently used words in tweets were obtained by using the text analysis technique n-gram. Secondly, the sentiment values of all the tweets and the words are computed and later classified into certain categories. Lexicon based sentiment dictionaries such as VADER and NRC utilized in the sentiment analysis process. Findings reveal that messages containing fear, anxiety, sadness, and negative polarity are prevalent in the news during the pandemic.

Takipçi sayısı ve etkileşim düzeyinin sosyal medya fenomenlerinin pazarlama başarısına etkisi

Social media influencers play a crucial role in shaping consumer decisions. This research explores an influencer's perceived characteristics and persuasiveness based on their number of followers and the level of social interaction between the influencer and the followers. The results of an online experiment show that when the level of social interaction is low between an influencer and the followers, macro-influencers (i.e., influencers with a higher number of followers) are perceived more positively and generate greater influence on their followers compared to micro-influencers (i.e., influencers with a lower number of followers). However, when the level of social interaction is high between an influencer and the followers, the differences regarding perceived characteristics and persuasiveness of the influencer disappear between micro and macro-influencers. Managerial implications of the findings and future research avenues are discussed.

The Applied Linguistics Aspects of Using Digital Media: Analysis of Women's Instagram Account Captions Based on Language Style.

This study discusses the Applied Linguistics Aspects of Using Digital Media: Analysis of Women's Instagram Account Captions Based on Language Style. The researcher used Chaika's theory in 1982 about five styles of language in the form of formality; formal style, informal style, colloquial style, casual style and intimate style. Along with the development of the social media phenomenon which provides unlimited aspects for young people, especially women. In this study, it aims to provide an overview of the style of language used by women when making a caption on Instagram. As of Mei 2023, there are several women accounts that have the highest number of followers, one of which was chosen by the researcher to be used as material for analysis to create texts with different language styles. The researcher chose five women accounts, namely Selena Gomez, Kylie Jenner, Ariana Grande, Kim Kardashian, and Taylor Swift. In this case, the researcher only took one post along with the caption from each account. This study uses descriptive qualitative research because it processes words by analyzing and describing issues related to social aspects of phenomena in social media. The result is five posts from Instagram captions were obtained according to the type and characteristics of the language style. Language experts classify language styles into several types, one of which is formal style, informal style, colloquial style, casual style, and intimate style.&#x0D; Keywords--Instagram caption; women’s account, language style

From Twitter to Aso-Rock: A sentiment analysis framework for understanding Nigeria 2023 presidential election

IntroductionSocial media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, among others have been used as tools for staging protests, opinion polls, campaign strategy, medium of agitation and a place of interest expression especially during elections. AimIn this work, a Natural Language Processing framework is designed to understand Nigeria 2023 presidential election based on public opinion using Twitter dataset. MethodsTwo million tweets with 18 features were collected from Twitter containing public and personal tweets of the three top contestants – Atiku Abubakar, Peter Obi and Bola Tinubu – in the forthcoming 2023 Presidential election. Sentiment analysis was performed on the preprocessed dataset using three machine learning models namely: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Linear Support Vector Classifier (LSVC) models. This study spanned ten weeks starting from the candidates’ declaration of intent to run for Presidency. ResultsThe sentiment models gave an accuracy, precision, recall, AUC and f-measure of 88%, 82.7%, 87.2%, 87.6% and 82.9% respectively for LSTM; 94%, 88.5%, 92.5%, 94.7% and 91.7% respectively for BERT and 73%, 81.4%, 76.4%, 81.2% and 79.2% respectively for LSVC. Result also showed that Peter Obi has the highest total impressions the highest positive sentiments, Tinubu has the highest network of active friends while Atiku has the highest number of followers. ConclusionSentiment analysis and other Natural Language Understanding tasks can aid in the understanding of the social media space in terms of public opinion mining. We conclude that opinion mining from Twitter can form a general basis for generating insights for election as well as modeling election outcomes.

Social media insights for neurosurgical oncologists: a survey of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons Joint Section on Tumors.

There is a paucity in the literature regarding the characteristics and attitudes of social media (SM) utilization in a professional manner by neurosurgical oncologists. A 34-question electronic survey was created using Google Forms and disseminated via email to members of the AANS/CNS Joint Section on Tumors. Demographic data were compared amongst those who utilize social media versus those who do not. Factors associated with positive effects of professional SM use and with having more followers on SM were analyzed. The survey received 94 responses, of which 64.9% reported that they currently use SM in a professional manner. Age < 50 years was found to be associated with SM use (p = 0.038). Facebook (54.1%), Twitter (60.7%), Instagram (41%), and LinkedIn (60.7%) were the most used SM platforms. Having a higher number of followers was associated with practicing in academics (p = 0.005), using Twitter (p = 0.013), posting about their own research publications (p = 0.018), posting interesting cases (p = 0.022), and posting about upcoming events (p = 0.001). Having a higher number of followers on SM was also associated with positive effects, specifically new patient referrals (p = 0.04). Neurosurgical oncologists can benefit by using social media professionally for increased patient engagement and networking within the medical community. Practicing in academics, making use of Twitter, and posting about interesting cases, upcoming academic events, and one's own research publications can help gain followers. In addition, having a large following on social media could lead to positive effects such as new patient referrals.

Using YouTube as a digital pulpit. The most influential Catholic youtubers in Spanish speaking countries: Who they are and how they communicate

The communication of religious ideas has followed a path that is similar to the dissemination of other types of content. The Internet and social networks have enabled the appearance of new Catholic preachers with intense activity and a high number of followers on their channels. YouTube has been no exception to this communication trend. Some of the religious communicators who use this social network have in fact become the natural heirs to the former TV preachers, or televangelists. Others have adapted their religious discourse to the narratives of these channels, addressing young audiences who are familiar with the new languages. Still others have launched channels on YouTube in order to broaden the audience of their usual liturgical and clerical activities. They are the new influencers in the religious realm, capable of multiplying audiences, establishing dialogues with them, and generating engagement. This article shows the results of an analysis of the Spanish-speaking Catholic communicators with the largest number of followers on YouTube. Based on a sample of videos with the most views, conclusions have been drawn about profiles, followers, subjects, production, positioning, generating engagement, and relationships with audiences.

Cochrane Skin Group's Global Social Media Reach: Content Analysis of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter Posts.

Researchers in all medical specialties increasingly use social media to educate the public, share new publications with peers, and diversify their audiences. Given Cochrane Skin Group's expanded use of social media in the past years, we aimed to characterize Cochrane Skin Group's international social media audience and identify themes that result in increased content engagement. Cochrane Skin Group's Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter analytics data were extracted for follower demographics and the most viewed posts within a 3-year span (June 2019 to June 2022). Overall, Cochrane Skin Group had the highest number of followers on Facebook (n=1037). The number of Instagram and Twitter followers reached 214 and 352, respectively. The greatest numbers of Facebook followers were from Brazil, Egypt, and India, with 271, 299, and 463 followers, respectively. Facebook's most viewed post about Cochrane Skin Group's annual meeting received 1041 views. The top post on Instagram, which introduced Cochrane Skin Group's social media editors, received 2522 views. Each of the social media platforms used by Cochrane Skin Group reached varying audiences all over the world. Across social media platforms, posts regarding Cochrane Skin Group meetings, members, and professional opportunities received the most views. Overall, Cochrane Skin Group's multiplatform social media approach will continue to grow an international audience, connecting people interested in skin disease.

Instagram and Political Communication - Visual Elements in Political Campaign “Budućnost Srbije”

For more than a decade social media have been an important medium of political communication, more accurately since 2008 and the campaign of Barack Obama. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube were primarily used for political communication; however, the rapidly growing popularity of Instagram has conditioned political entities to adapt to the visual concept of communication with the citizens. One of the additional problems of this form of communication with the public is prominent political populism. Moreover, this trend is present in the Republic of Serbia, where more and more individual and collective political entities are joining Instagram. Also, the profile with the highest number of followers and posts on the Serbian political scene is the profile of the President of the Republic of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić (@buducnostsrbijeav). As far as the empirical research is concerned, the authors analyzed the posts published on this profile in the first month of its creation and the realization of the political campaign "Future of Serbia" (February 5 – March 5, 2019) and applied the methodology of Maria Grabe and Erik Bucy (2009), which includes nine visual categories characteristic of populist political campaigns. The results of the research indicated that out of 550 visual contents, 434 photographs and 22 videos can be classified into eight out of a total of nine suggested categories. According to the obtained results, the authors concluded that the communication of the President of the Republic of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić with the public through social media Instagram is based on visual content that Greib and Busy define as populist.

Virtual Influencers in Online Social Media

Influencers are people on social media that distinguish themselves by the high number of followers and the ability to influence other users. While influencers are a long-standing phenomenon in social media, virtual influencers have made their appearance on such platforms only recently: they are CGI characters that act like and resemble humans, even if they do not physically exist in the real world. This recent phenomenon has sparked interest in society, and several questions arise regarding their evolution, opinions, ethics, purpose in marketing, and future perspective. In this article, we conduct an exhaustive review of the virtual influencer phenomenon. Through an extensive study of the literature, press articles, social platforms data, blogs, and interviews, we give a comprehensive reflection on virtual influencers. Starting from their evolution, we analyze their opportunities and threats. We provide detailed information about the most popular ones and their marketing collaborations, with a comparative analysis of virtual and real (human) influencers. Moreover, we conducted an online survey to grasp people's perspectives. From the 360 participants' answers, we draw conclusions about virtual influencers' ethics, importance, overall feelings, and future. Results show controversial opinions on this recent phenomenon.

TÜRK KAHVESİ MARKALARININ DİJİTAL HALKLA İLİŞKİLER BAĞLAMINDA SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMI

Brands frequently use social media as a digital public relations tool, as they contribute to promotional activities by supporting image and corporate identity. The aim of there search is to reveal its contribution to beverage culture from past to present in terms of two-way symmetrical communication and to evaluate the general status of the Instagram shares of Turkish Coffee brands. 70 shares of 3 Turkish Coffee brands with the highest number of followers as of 10.08.2021 were analyzed by content analysis method on their official Instagram pages. It has been concluded that the shares of Turkish coffee brands do not reach enough impact and can not use digital public relations tools effectively.