High Energy Storage Efficiency Research Articles

High energy storage efficiency in lead-free perovskite (1-x)(0.3Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-0.7SrTiO3)-xBiMg1/2Ti1/2O3 ceramics with superparaelectric design

High energy storage efficiency in lead-free perovskite (1-x)(0.3Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-0.7SrTiO3)-xBiMg1/2Ti1/2O3 ceramics with superparaelectric design

Enhanced high-temperature energy storage performance in all-organic dielectric films through synergistic crosslinking of chemical and physical interaction

Advanced electronic devices and energy systems urgently require high-temperature polymer dielectrics that can offer both high discharge energy density and energy storage efficiency. However, the capacitive properties of most polymers sharply deteriorate at elevated temperatures, due to the significant rise in leakage current density and energy loss. Herein, a new design approach is adopted to fabricate high-temperature polyetherimide (PEI) dielectrics with chemical and physical cooperative crosslinking networks, the dual-crosslinked PEI dielectrics are prepared through amine crosslinking agent and the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged phenyl groups between triptycene (TE) and PEI chain segments. Benefiting from the increased crosslinking sites, the dual-crosslinked PEI films achieve the simultaneously enhancement in Tg, modulus and bandgap compared to un-crosslinked and single-crosslinked polymers. Meanwhile, the PEI with dual-crosslinked network displays higher chain packing density, effectively reducing the mean motion pathways of charge carriers and the conduction loss inside polymer dielectric. Consequently, the dual-crosslinked PEI containing 0.25 wt% TE delivers an outstanding discharge energy density of 2.69 J/cm3 and retains excellent cyclability after 100,000 charge–discharge cycles at 200 ℃. Additionally, finite element analysis and molecular dynamics simulation further confirm that less Joule heat and tighter chain structure are formed in the dual-crosslinked polymer dielectric. This research offers a novel methodology to prepare high-performance polymer dielectrics for high-temperature applications.

Boosting K+-Ionic Conductivity of Layered Oxides via Regulating P2/P3 Heterogeneity and Reciprocity for Room-Temperature Quasi-Solid-State Potassium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state potassium metal batteries are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their low cost, high energy density and inherent safety. However, solid state K-ion conductors struggle with poor ionic conductivity due to the large ionic radius of K+-ions. Herein, we report precise regulation of phase heterogeneity and reciprocity of the P2/P3-symbiosis K0.62Mg0.54Sb0.46O2 solid electrolyte (SE) for boosting a high ionic conductivity of 1.6×10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C. The bulk ionic conducting mechanism is explored by elucidating the effect of atomic stacking mode within the layered framework on K+-ion migration barriers. For ion diffusion at grain boundaries, the P2/P3 biphasic symbiosis property assists in tunning the SE microstructure, which crystallizes in rod-like particles with lengths of tens of micrometers facilitating long-distance ion transport and significantly decreasing grain boundary resistance. Potassium metal symmetric cells using the modified SE deliver excellent cycling life over 300 h at 0.1 mA cm-2 and a high critical current density of 0.68 mA cm-2. The quasi-solid-state potassium metal batteries (QSSKBs) coupled with two kinds of layered oxide cathodes demonstrate remarkable stability over 300 cycles, outperforming the liquid electrolyte counterparts. The QSSKB system provides a promising strategy for high-efficiency, safe, and durable large-scale energy storage.

Enhanced energy storage performance in NBT-based MLCCs via cooperative optimization of polarization and grain alignment

Dielectric ceramics possess a unique competitive advantage in electronic systems due to their high-power density and excellent reliability. Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based ceramics, one type of extensively studied energy storage dielectric, however, often experience A-site element volatilization and Ti4+ reduction during high-temperature sintering. These issues may result in increased energy loss, reduced polarization and low dielectric breakdown electric field, ultimately making it challenging to achieve both high energy storage density and efficiency. To address these issues, we introduce a synergistic optimization strategy that combine polarization engineering and grain alignment engineering. First principles calculations and experimental analyses show that the doping of Mn2+ can suppress the reduction of Ti4+ in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based ceramics and enhance ion off-centering displacements, thereby reducing energy loss and improving polarization. In addition, we prepared multilayer ceramic capacitors with grains oriented along the <111> direction using the template grain growth method. This approach effectively reduces electric-field-induced strain by 37% and markedly enhances breakdown electric field by 42% when compared with nontextured counterpart. As a result of this comprehensive strategy, <111 >-textured Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors achieve an ultra-high energy density of 15.7 J·cm−3 and an excellent efficiency beyond 95% at 850 kV·cm−1, exhibiting a superior overall energy storage performance.

Superior energy storage performance in NaNbO3‐based lead‐free ceramics under low electric field

AbstractNaNbO3 (NN)‐based materials have attracted widespread attention due to their advanced energy storage performance and eco‐friendliness. However, achieving high recoverable energy storage densities (Wrec) and efficiency (η) typically requires ultrahigh electric fields (E &gt; 300 kV/cm), which can limit practical use. In this work, we present a synergistic strategy that employs the ferroelectric material Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) to augment the Pmax and the linear material Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 (BST) to optimize the P–E loops. Furthermore, a two‐step sintering process is implemented to preserve high Pmax values under lower electric field. As a result, ternary (1−x)(0.90NN‐0.10BNT)‐xBST was successfully prepared, achieving a high Wrec of 5.1 J/cm3 and a η of 85% in x = 0.20 samples at a low electric field of 290 kV/cm. Moreover, the x = 0.20 samples showed good frequency stability (1–200 Hz) and temperature stability (27°C–100°C). These results provide guidance for the development of ceramics with high energy storage properties under low electric fields.

Organic Dye Molecule Intercalated Prussian Blue for Simultaneously Enhancing Coloration Efficiency and Energy Storage Capacity in Electrochromic Battery.

The dual-functional device combining electrochromic properties and energy storage has gained numerous attentions in the field of energy-saving smart electronics. However, achieving simultaneous optimization of coloration efficiency and energy storage capacity of materials poses a significant challenge. This study presents a novel approach by incorporating methyl orange into Prussian blue channels (PB-MO films) to adjust the internal electronic structure of Prussian blue. This modification allows the active layer to simultaneously improve the electrochromic and energy storage performance. The introduction of methyl orange not only alters the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ within the framework through the coordination reaction of Fe3+ with methyl orange, but also improves the reaction kinetics after intercalating organic dye molecules, including charge transfer resistance, diffusion capability of ions and capacitive contribution. The PB-MO films demonstrate remarkable properties: high optical contrast (81.4% at 670nm), excellent coloration efficiency (265 cm2C-1), and significant specific capacity (84 mAh m-2 at 0.05 A m-2), outperforming pure PB films. The PB-MO films are ideally suited for applications in displays and intelligent energy storage fields, boasting both high coloration efficiency and substantial energy storage capacity, thus advancing promote the development of dual-functional electrochromic devices.

A Recyclable Energy Storage Wood Composite with Photothermal Conversion Properties for Regulating Building Temperature

AbstractAddressing the challenges of energy storage liquid leakage and long‐term stability in energy storage is crucial for achieving sustainable energy efficiency. In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is innovatively employed as an encapsulation film on the surface of the wood‐based phase change material, resulting in a recyclable wood‐based composite energy storage material (PPW). A novel energy storage liquid (PCMs) composed of lauric acid (LA), capric acid (CA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is immersed in the pretreated porous wood frame through vacuum impregnation. The PCMs imparted a phase change temperature of 21.0 °C, which is close to human comfort levels, and a high energy storage efficiency of 31.6 J g−1 to the PPW. Additionally, the PCMs provided the PPW with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 29.3%. Even after 200 freeze‐thaw cycles, the energy storage properties of the PPW remained nearly unchanged. Therefore, utilizing PMMA as an effective encapsulation material is a viable approach to prevent leakage of the phase change solution and enhance the recyclability of the PPW. Furthermore, the transparency of PMMA preserves the natural appearance of the wood, thereby broadening the application potential of PPW in residential buildings, thermal energy storage, and solar thermal conversion systems.

High energy storage performance in SrZrO3-modified quaternary relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics have attracted much attention in pulse power systems owing to their excellent energy storage performance and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve high energy storage density and efficiency in ferroelectric ceramics for practical applications. Herein, a novel optimization strategy is designed by introducing a linear dielectric SrZrO3 (SZ) with wide bandgap (Eg) into the BaTiO3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-NaNbO3 (BT-BNT-NN) to form quaternary ceramics, disrupting long-range ferroelectric ordering and constructing weakly coupled polar nanoregions (PNRs). As a result, the recoverable energy density (Wrec) and energy storage efficiency (η) are simultaneously improved in (1-x) (BT-BNT-NN)-xSZ ceramics. At an electric field of 530 kV/cm, a Wrec of 3.37 J/cm3 and an η of 82.5 % were optimally achieved at x = 0.16 due to the formation of slim P-E loops, delayed polarization saturation, and ultra-high breakdown field strength (Eb), where the improvement of Eb is attributed to the reduction of porosity and the increase of Eg. Furthermore, the as-fabricated samples also exhibit excellent frequency and temperature stability. This study provides an effective method for developing high-performance dielectric capacitors for energy storage applications.

Enhanced energy storage properties of BaTiO3 ceramics: Effect of doping Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 on microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties

(1-x) BaTiO3 – x Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 (x = 0.00, 0.06, 0.12, 0.20,molar ratio) ceramics were prepared by solid sintering method. The effects of Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 (BMZT) doping on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of BaTiO3 (BTO) were studied. With BMZT addition, the sintering temperature gradually decreases, the grain size reaches a minimum at x = 0.12 and the phase structure changes from tetragonal to cubic. And dielectric properties changed from temperature-dependent to temperature-insensitive. Additionally, higher cubic phase content induced slim polarization and electric field (P-E) loop and low remnant polarization (Pr). Therefore, 0.88 BaTiO3 - 0.12 Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 ceramics achieved recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 702.7 mJ/cm3 and high energy efficiency of 87.3 % under electric field of 93 kV/cm. It exhibited optimum properties, including a minimum grain size (0.620 μm), superior dielectric properties (εr = 1811.3, tanδ = 0.0552 at 1150 °C), a high maximum polarization strength (14.3 μC/cm2), and the maximum dielectric breakdown strength (93 kV/cm), as identified in the present study. It simultaneously maintains high energy storage density and efficiency over a wide electric field range and large temperature range (room temperature - 90 °C). Thus (1-x) BaTiO3 – x Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 ceramics are a promising material for energy storage applications.

High-performance electric energy storage in BiFeO3–Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics have been widely developed for energy storage applications due to their exceptional dielectric properties. This work explores the energy storage performance, thermal stability, and structural evolution in (1-x)BiFeO3–x Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 ceramics (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) via modulating Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 (BZT) concentration. An enhancement of breakdown electric field from 120 kV/cm at x = 0.3–220 kV/cm at x = 0.5 can be attributed to increased grain boundaries and nanodomains as electric barriers to inhibit charge mobility. A high recoverable energy density of 5.9 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency of 86.2 % were achieved at x = 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. The structure shifts from ferroelectric rhombohedral R3c symmetry toward a coexistence of nonpolar symmetries (including tetragonal P4/mmm, cubic Pm-3m, and orthorhombic Pbnm) with increasing BZT. The integration of BZT in BiFeO3 demonstrates to break the long-range order and promote the formation of polar nanoregions and nanodomains, leading to a high-efficiency energy storage.

Constructing hollow cobalt sulfide nanocages strung by manganese molybdate nanorods for high-efficiency supercapacitors and electrocatalytic methanol oxidation

Constructing core-shell heterostuctures with rationally designed nanoarchitectures and components is a promising strategy to pursuit high-efficiency energy storage and conversion in supercapacitors (SCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, a multi-dimensional MnMoO4@CoS core-shell heterostructure is designed and synthesized by stringing metal-organic framework-derived hollow CoS nanocages with MnMoO4 nanorods. Such heterostructure provides more electroactive sites and enhanced structural stability. Theory calculations unveil that the work function difference between MnMoO4 and CoS induces the charge redistribution and modulate interfacial electronic configuration in the MnMoO4/CoS heterojunction. Meanwhile, a interfacial built-in electrical field is established, enhancing interfacial charge transfer efficiency and promoting the surface adsorption of electrolyte ions. By integrating all these advantages, the MnMoO4@CoS electrode demonstrates enhanced rate capacities (933 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 623 C g−1 at 10 A g−1) and cycling durability (90.3 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles) compared to bare MnMoO4 and CoS electrodes. Moreover, the MnMoO4@CoS electrode exhibits an appreciable electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation, with a current density of 294.8 mA cm−2 at 10 mV s−1 and 96.6 % current retention after 10,000 s. Our work offers a fundamental guideline for designing and engineering core-shell heterostructures with desirable electrochemical performance for SCs and DMFCs.

Enhancing thermal energy storage efficiency at low temperatures with innovative macro-encapsulation of nano phase change material in cementitious composites

In this study, phase change material (PCM) was encapsulated in a novel aluminium-based macro-capsule and indirectly applied to cement-based mortar to address leakage issues and enhance thermal management. To further improve the thermal efficiency of the PCM, nanofluid technology was utilized by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Thermophysical property tests were conducted to evaluate the thermal properties and stability of the PCM/MWCNT composite. Additionally, thermal cycling tests of the cementitious composites with macro-encapsulated nano-PCM were performed to verify their thermal performance for thermal energy storage under varying ambient temperatures. The results confirmed that the thermal conductivity of the nano-PCM was more than 100 % greater than that of raw PCM. Furthermore, the high-efficiency thermal energy storage cementitious composite was able to maintain the temperature above 0°C when the ambient temperature was −5°C, demonstrating its superior thermal energy storage performance. This innovative approach highlights the potential of the PCM/MWCNT composite for effective thermal regulation in subzero climates, providing a robust solution for enhancing energy efficiency in challenging environmental conditions.

Giant energy density with ultrahigh efficiency achieved in NaNbO3-based lead-free ceramics with polymorphic antiferrodistortive polar nanodomains

The development of dielectric ceramics with simultaneously high energy-storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) for capacitive energy storage poses a significant challenge. Herein, an effective strategy to achieve ultrahigh comprehensive energy-storage performance via designing polymorphic antiferrodistortive polar nanodomains is proposed, successfully realizing a giant Wrec of ∼7.5 J/cm3 with an ultrahigh η of ∼94 % in (0.9-x)NaNbO3-0.1BaZrO3-xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ((0.9-x)NN-0.1BZ-xBMT) lead-free ceramics at x = 0.08. The studied ceramic also exhibits excellent temperature-insensitive charge–discharge performances of high power density ∼204 ± 3 % MW/cm3, high discharge energy density ∼3.7 ± 3 % J/cm3 and fast discharge rate < 60 ns within 25–150 °C. The observation of ex-/in-situ piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscope reveals that polar nanodomains with multiple antiferrodistortive FE symmetries and diverse scales exhibit dissimilatory transformation behavior into FE microdomains during electric field loading/unloading, being responsible for a low-hysteresis polarization-field response with a near-zero remnant polarization and a high maximum polarization. Meanwhile, optimized bandgap structure and grain morphology contribute to the enhanced ceramic resistivity and conductivity activation energy as well as suppressed leakage current, resulting in significantly improved dielectric breakdown strength. These results demonstrate a feasible strategy for developing novel high-performance dielectric ceramics for high-efficiency capacitive energy storage.

Enhanced energy storage performance of Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics via synergistic strategy

K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics with large polarization (Pmax) and submicron grain size are considered as promising candidates for dielectric capacitors. However, the existence of significant remnant polarization (Pr) imposes constraints on achieving high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η). In this study, we developed and produced ceramic materials by utilizing the composition of (1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 ((1-x)KNN-xBMH, x = 0–0.22), employing a viscous polymer rolling technique. We utilized a combined strategy to improve the energy storage capabilities of these materials by manipulating their crystal structures, inducing relaxor behavior, and minimizing microdefects. As a result, we obtained an optimum Wrec of 3.32 J/cm3 and η of 85.37 % at an electric field strength of 350 kV/cm in the x = 0.18 ceramic. Furthermore, excellent temperature stability was observed within the temperature range 20–120 °C, along with frequency stability across frequencies between 5 and 500 Hz. Moreover, at 200 kV/cm in the same composition (i.e., 0.82KNN-0.18BMH), we obtained a power density value as high as 103.13 MW/cm3, accompanied by a fast discharge speed reaching 30.6 ns. Overall, our results demonstrate that the comprehensive energy storage performances exhibited by the 0.82KNN-0.18BMH ceramic make it highly promising for applications in pulsed-power supply.

Self-growing bionic leaf-vein fins for high-power-density and high-efficiency latent heat thermal energy storage

Latent heat storage (LHS) has found extensive applications across various fields. However, large-scale deployment is still restricted due to the worse thermal charging performance of traditional LHS systems. In this research, the self-growing fins of the tube-shell LHS system are designed via the bionic topology optimized method to improve thermal storage performances, inspired by the structures and functions of leaf veins. Notably, the system installed with topology-optimized self-growing fins (T-FIN) demonstrates the shortest melting time, largest specific power density (SPD), and highest efficiency simultaneously. At the inlet conditions of 0.5 L min−1 and 358.15 K, the thermal charging time decreases by 46.4 % and 57.1 % compared with the systems equipped with traditional long-fins (L-FIN) and short-fins (S-FIN), while increasing the SPD by 80.6 % and 125.7 %, respectively. Moreover, the efficiency of exergy and entransy storage is 2.49 and 2.42 times, respectively, as large as those of the S-FIN. The intrinsic mechanism is attributed to enhanced synergy between the liquid-PCM temperature field and the flow field. Furthermore, outer tube shapes are optimized by the Genetic Algorithm for the first time, leading to a further decrease in charging time by 21.57 % compared with its original counterpart. These findings provide a valuable idea for designing efficient bionic LHS systems.

Beyond Catalysts: Exploring Discharge Product Growth and Intrinsic Overpotential in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery, renowned for its exceptionally high theoretical energy density, is poised to revolutionize next-generation energy storage systems. However, its practical application depends on overcoming several challenges, particularly the high cathode overpotential, which significantly diminishes the battery's energy efficiency and durability. This study delves into the interactions at the cathode surface during oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER), extending the analysis beyond the initial reaction stages to encompass the extensive charge-discharge process. We introduce and define the concepts of intrinsic equilibrium potential and intrinsic overpotential, demonstrating that these critical parameters are predominantly influenced by the growth of discharge products, rather than the catalysts, thereby underscoring the inherent properties of the battery. This shift in focus from merely enhancing cathode catalysts to understanding and leveraging the intrinsic characteristics of the battery discharge process opens new avenues for optimizing and enhancing the performance of large-scale Li-O2 batteries. Furthermore, our findings indicate potential broader applications to other metal-oxygen systems, paving the way for the design of high-capacity, high-efficiency energy storage technologies.

Superior energy storage performance of Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.7La0.1NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT)-based ceramics exhibit significant potential as energy storage dielectric materials due to their high maximum polarization (Pmax). However, their limited energy storage density significantly restricts their practical applications. To address this, this study optimizes the dielectric energy storage characteristics of lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics based on 0.91Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.09 K0.7La0.1NbO3 (NBT-KLN) by incorporating Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (SBT) relaxor additives. The introduction of SBT helps maintain large polarization and induces local disorderly fields, promoting the formation of polar nanoregions. Subsequently, a viscous polymer processing (VPP) technique was employed to reduce defects and enhance density, markedly improving the breakdown strength (BDS). The findings indicate that the BDS of the optimized 0.30SBT (VPP) ceramics increased to 440 kV/cm, while achieving a high energy storage efficiency (η) of 78 % and an elevated energy storage density (Wrec) of 6.29 J/cm3. Additionally, the 0.30SBT (VPP) ceramics demonstrate excellent temperature stability across a broad temperature range from 30 to 120 °C, making them ideal for long-term operation in variable environments. This study demonstrates superior results compared to previous research, thereby opening up new avenues for developing novel lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with superior energy storage characteristics.

High Energy Storage Performance in Pb1−xLax(Hf0.45Sn0.55)0.995O3 Antiferroelectric Ceramics

Energy storage efficiency (η) and large recoverable energy density (Wre) are necessary for antiferroelectric materials in order to develop antiferroelectric-based dielectric capacitors with exceptional energy storage capacity. In the present paper, the effect of doping La3+ on the energy storage capacity of Pb1−xLax(Hf0.45Sn0.55)0.995O3 antiferroelectric ceramics was studied. Adjusting the content of La and changing the phase structure of PLHS from antiferroelectric to relaxor ferroelectric gradually, which narrowed its hysteresis loop, yielded a high energy storage efficiency of 81.9% and the maximum breakdown field strength of 200 kV/cm when x = 2 mol%. In addition, the recoverable energy density and energy storage efficiency both showed excellent temperature stability and frequency stability in the temperature range of 10–110 °C and the frequency range of 10–100 Hz, suggesting that Pb0.98La0.02(Hf0.45Sn0.55)0.995O3 are favorable materials candidates for the preparation of pulsed-power capacitors that can be used in a wide range of conditions.

Improved high temperature energy storage density and efficiency of polyimide nanocomposites via hindering charge and molecular motions

Electric vehicles and renewable energy consumption have huge demands for high-performance polymer dielectric capacitors. However, the resistivity and breakdown strength of existing polymer dielectrics deteriorate significantly at high temperatures, reducing the energy storage density and charge-discharge efficiency of capacitors below service requirements. The charge transport and molecular chain motion characteristics in linear polymers determine their conductivity, breakdown, and energy storage properties, but the quantitative relationship between them is not clear. An in-situ polymerization method was used to prepare polyimide/Al2O3 nanocomposites (PI/Al2O3 PNCs). Experimental results show that the resistivity, breakdown strength, energy storage density, and charge-discharge efficiency of PNCs increase initially and then decrease with increasing doping content, peaking at 3 wt%. The discharged energy density of PI/Al2O3-3 wt% PNCs at 180°C is 207.52 % higher than pure PI. A conductance-breakdown-energy storage co-simulation model based on charge transport and molecular chain displacement was used to simulate the voltage-current, breakdown, and energy storage characteristics of PNCs. The simulation results are consistent with the experiments. Comparative studies between simulation and experiments show that the independent interface zone between nanofillers and PI hinders charge transport and molecular chain movement, reducing electric field distortion and molecular chain spacing, thereby improving high-temperature breakdown and energy storage performance of PNCs.

Study on sodium-ion anode material - Graphene battery

Batteries are the most common form of energy storage. Sodium-ion batteries are gradually replacing traditional lithium-ion batteries, becoming a key factor restricting their safety, service life, energy density and capacity. With the continuous consumption of energy by human society, the increasing scarcity of mineral resources, and the increasingly severe environmental problems. It is an urgent task to seek new, renewable and clean energy. Sodium-ion battery is expected to be a new type of charge/discharge device because of its high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and good economy. The development of new green and high-efficiency large-capacity energy storage technology is great significance for promoting China’s green and low-carbon energy development. It is great significance for the implementation of China’s “double carbon” strategy. Sodium-ion battery is the most important class of secondary batteries. Sodium-ion battery has high rate, good low temperature resistance, suitable for low salt concentration electrolyte, high safety and other characteristics. The sodium is abundant in the earth, low price, low REDOX potential. That is a class of secondary batteries with great application prospects. With the progress of society and the sustainable development of economy, people’s demand for sodium-ion batteries is also increasing. The “14th Five-Year Plan” New Energy Storage Development Implementation Plan clearly points out that is necessary to carry out the test and demonstration of a new generation of high energy density storage technology represented by sodium-ion batteries.