Highest Biomass Weight Research Articles

Shelter Differences on Growth and Survival of Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in Experimental Tanks

Red claw crayfish (C. quadricarinatus) culture has a serious problem, which is the low survival rate caused by cannibalism. High levels of cannibalism begin to appear since the juvenile stadia, and when the lobster is moulting. Shelter is necessary during the cultivation process to reduce the level of lobster cannibalism. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the differences in shelter on the growth and survival rate of freshwater lobster. The method used in the study was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD). Consists of 5 treatments, including treatment without shelter (K), PVC pipe (A), roster (B), plastic hose (C), and hydrilla (D). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in the form of one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results of this study showed that shelter differences had a significant effect on absolute weight growth (Sig. 0.002), growth rate (Sig. 0.014), biomass weight (Sig. 0.001), survival rate (Sig. 0.001), but the difference in shelter has no significant effect on absolute length growth Sig. 0.858. The results of water quality observations found that shelter differences do not significantly affect the water quality of crayfish (C. quadricarinatus). The highest absolute weight growth was in the paralon pipe shelter with a value of 0.93 g, the highest length growth was in the roster shelter at 1.22 cm, the highest growth rate was in the PVC pipe shelter at 0.027 g/day, the highest biomass weight was in the PVC pipe shelter 32.64 g, the highest survival rate was in the PVC pipe shelter 92.6%.

The impact of shade net use on total nitrogen removal by duckweed (Lemna perpusilla) at different levels of catfish farming effluent

Duckweed (Lemna perpusilla) has been shown to reduce nutrient levels in aquaculture effluent, particularly total nitrogen, which can be caused by a variety of organic contaminants in water. Duckweed biomass is an important source of bioenergy and phytoremediation in aquaculture. This aspect makes it a viable solution for sustainable integrated aquaculture, although appropriate duckweed biomass development is critical to its success and long-term survival. Duckweed growth, as an autotroph, is controlled by two factors: nutrition and sunlight. The aquaculture production cycle changes nutrient content in medium culture based on feed, fish age, and density, while weather influences solar radiation. The study aims to investigate duckweed growth response and phytoremediation capacity by analyzing changes in catfish farming waste-water quality grouped by fish age (L1: 2 months, L2: 3 months, and L3: 4 months) and shade net treatment at 25 % sunlight blocking (N25), 50 % (N50), and no shade net (N0). The experiment was carried out in triplicate in a semi-outdoor growth system placed in a greenhouse. It comprised of three series of duckweed culture containers filled with catfish farming wastewater, each with a working volume of 50 L. A total of 48 duckweed culture containers were floated inside a series of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) tanks. Biomass harvesting and water quality monitoring were done every three days for a period of 18 days. N25 had the highest biomass weight, productivity, and average TN elimination efficiency, with values of 225.21 ± 140.04 g, 50.05 ± 10.06 g/(m2.d), and 61.94 ± 8.01 %, respectively (P < 0.05). The N0 values were 190.80 ± 117.52 g, 42.40 ± 9.29 g/(m2.d), and 55.61 ± 6.85 % (P < 0.05). The lowest values observed in N50 were 72.27 ± 55.70 g, 16.06 ± 4.90 g/(m2.d), and 51.67 ± 4.10 % (P < 0.05). This study proved the optimal duckweed growth and TN removal effectiveness with N25 under varying light intensity, allowing for the long-term use of duckweed in waste management and integrated aquaculture.

Effects of peat based substrate combinations on mineral nutrition, growth and yield of tomato

Study was aimed to examine the effects of growth media (GM) consisted of peat and different domestic materials on nutrition, growth and yield of tomato as alternative to cocopeat in Turkiye. For this, cocopeat(GM1), perlite(GM2), leonardite(GM3), vermicompost(GM4), and peat(GM5) were used as substrates. Each substrate was used as a control in itself, and a total of 17 combinations were tried by keeping the peat constant and mixing in 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 (V/V) ratios. The mixtures were filled in 7-liter pots where seedlings were planted, irrigated with water for the first week, and then irrigated with nutrient solution. The research was established as a 4-replications pot experiment and the Solanum lycopersicum cv.Vitello tomato variety was used as the plant material. The nutrient solution was applied with a drip irrigation. The volume of the applied nutrient solution was adjusted manually to obtain 10-30% leaching ratio. In general, vermicompost and its mixtures with peat were the most effective growth media on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations. The highest fruit yields were obtained from plants grown in solely peat and 1:1 peat + vermicompost medium. Similarly, the highest biomass weight was recorded from the plants grown under 1:1 peat + vermicompost mixture. In addition to this findings, it was observed that some peat-containing mixtures were also found to be competitive with widely used media in terms of the other parameters studied. As a result, it was seen that most of the peat containing GM especially peat + vermicompost mixtures, can be used in soilless tomato cultivation as alternative to cocopeat.

Production of tannase and gallic acid by three fungal strains under submerged fermentation using agricultural waste

Fungi are the predominant source of tannase for industrial production though other microorganisms are being exploited for industrial production and applications. In this study the ability of A. versicolor, F. equiseti and P. citrinum to secrete tannase using pineapple peel and acacia fruits was assessed. The pineapple peel and acacia fruits were used as source of tannins for tannase and gallic acid production under submerged fermentation. The tannin concentration in pineapple peel was higher than acacia. After fermentation, acacia was better utilised by the three fungal strains producing the least tannin concentration, higher biomass weight, gallic acid concentration, protein concentration and tannase activity. However, A. versicolor best utilized the two substrate compared to F. equiseti and P. citrinum. In conclusion pineapple peel and acacia nuts are good substrate for tannase and gallic acid production using the fungi strains A. versicolor, F. equiseti and P. citrinum.

In Vitro Organogenesis of Critically Endangered Lachenalia viridiflora

Micropropagation via organogenesis of Lachenalia viridiflora W. F. Barker, a native endangered plant from South Africa, is presented in this study. Leaves, collected from in vivo plants, were a source for culture initiation to obtain three types of explants (leaf, bulb, callus). They were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with two concentrations of sucrose (3 or 6%, marked as S3 and S6) and different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BA) (0.0–5.0 μM) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.0–0.5 μM). The results demonstrated that bulbing was more efficient on media with 3% sucrose and this process was closely related to explant type—irrespective of media type twice more adventitious bulbs (5.1–5.6) were regenerated on leaf and bulb explants than on callus (2.6). The highest value of adventitious bulb number was recorded for interaction: leaf × S3/2.5 BA/0.5 NAA (9.3 bulbs per explant). Irrespective of media type, the higher the number of adventitious bulbs (obtained from leaf and bulb explants), the lower their diameter. Moreover, adventitious bulbs regenerated from bulb explants formed the longest leaves (18.9 mm) and in the greatest percentage (52.3%). The highest biomass weight increase indicator (50 times) was recorded for interaction: leaf × S6/2.5 BA/0.25 NAA. Various combinations of plant growth regulators favor biomass increase.

OPTIMIZATION OF FERMENTATION PARAMETERS FOR HIGH YIELD PRODUCTION OF LIPIDS AND BIODIESEL FROM CUTANEOTRICHOSPORAN CURVATUM BRV096

In the rapid growing world, need for biofuels has much increased due to the increasing cost and scarcity of the conventional fossil fuels.Biodiesel contains a mixture of fatty acids methyl esters which are derived from triacylglycerols. Oleaginous yeasts are considered as a potential source for the high lipid accumulation. The current research work focuses on the extraction of lipids from Cutaneotrichosporan curvatum BRV096 and optimization of its fermentation parameters for high lipid accumulation. Various fermentation parameters viz. carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH, inoculum percentage and harvesting time were optimized. Shake ask batch trial taken with all the optimized parameters showed high biomass weight (61.2±3.4 g/L), lipid content (30.1±3.8 g/L) and lipid percentage (49.1±2.2). Total lipids extracted were analysed by using FTIR spectroscopy conrmed the presence of carbonyl and methyl groups which reveals the feasibility of conversion into biodiesel. Transesterication of lipids were carried out and biodiesel quality parameters i.e., viscosity (4.42 mm2/sec), specic gravity (0.869), cloud point (18.9oC), cetane number (60.4) and iodine number (12.7) were assessed. Research results obtained shows that optimized parameters can be efciently used in the high lipid production from oleaginous yeasts.

Field Evaluation of Some Varieties/Accessions of Maize for Their Performances in a Derived Savannah Belt of Nigeria

Vegetation growth is functionally dependent on climate. Though increased yields have been attained through plant breeding, yet it is well established that genetic factors alone cannot cause a plant character to develop to its maximum potential without a favorable environment. Plants can be made to adapt to conditions which deviate from their natural habitat through breeding and acclimatization. Three local, Oba super-2 hybrid and seventeen maize accessions/varieties newly developed by the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Samaru Zaria, in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), for the northern guinea savanna belt, were evaluated for their relative yield performances in the derived savanna belt of Nigeria. The assessments were carried out at the Department of Crop Science teaching and research farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Parameters assessed include field germination percentage, days to first tassel appearance, days to fifty percent tassel appearance, days to fifty percent silking, percentage, double cob per stand, percentage triple cob per stand, plant height, days to maturity, percentage harvest index, cob weight, grain weight per ear e.tc. Correlation and path analysis were used to ascertain the degree of association of traits with yield. Biomass weight was observed to have the highest direct positive influence on yield. Therefore, varieties with high biomass weight (Sammaz-14, 17 and 18) consistently produced high yield. This results could be useful to breeders as they work to produce maize varieties that will perform better in the derived savanna zone of the country. That will make for increased availability and choice of planting materials for farmers and ultimately, increased productivity and sustainability of maize production in the derived Savanna Zones of Nigeria. Further screening of these accessions should also be encouraged in the zone until adaptation is established.

Determination of secondary metabolites in callus and different tissues of Physalis angulata L.

Physalis angulata L. is an important herbal plant used in the food industry or in folk medicine in most countries around the world. The present study was carried out in order to determine the secondary metabolites in the samples of callus and seedlings growing in vitro of this plant using GC/MS technique. Results showed that the MS medium supplemented with the concentration of 9.04 μM 2, 4-D was the best in the growth of callus by giving the highest biomass weight (1241 mg) of callus induced from seeds. The GC/MS analysis of chloroform extract of callus and seedlings growing in vitro revealed the presence of 25 compounds in callus, 27 in seedlings and 18 in roots. Most of the compounds were diagnosed in the callus and seedling samples with pharmaceutical and economic benefits. This indicated the importance of in vitro cultures in the production of new compounds that were medically and economically effective.

EFFECT OF PROVENANCE AND WATER STRESS ON BIOMASS AND POLYPHYLLIN CONTENT IN THE MEDICINAL PLANT Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis

Water stress and provenance could affect the secondary metabolites synthesis and accumulation in herbs. Thus, this study explored the effect of soil water moisture and provenance on the growth of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (PPY). Three provenances (Jinping, Luquan and Weixi in Yunnan, China) of PPY samples were grown in different soil water moisture conditions [0.80, 0.70 and 0.50 field capacity (FC)] during Dec. 2015 to Sep. 2017. Results showed that the highest biomass weight was presented in 0.70 FC for Luquan and Weixi samples. Biomass weight for Jinping provenance presented a decreasing tendency with the decreased soil water moisture and the highest biomass were shown in 0.80 FC. However, quantitative analysis revealed that the total content of polyphyllin increased with decreasing the soil water moisture for Jinping and Weixi samples. The highest total content of polyphyllin in rhizome was inclined to show in Jinping samples, while the stem and leaf tissues were shown in Weixi samples. Additionally, results of ANOVA combined with PCA indicated that the difference among these three provenances were significant. Correlation analysis results revealed that 0.50 FC induced the competitive relationship occurrence for polyphyllin distribution. Thus, 0.70 FC was the most suitable soil-water condition for PPY growth. Besides, provenance collected from Jinping could consider as a good quality germplasm. Consequently, this study might provide a preliminary foundation for irrigation project formulated and provenance screened for PPY cultivation.

Application of MSSIP-2 nutrient in marine phytoplankton culture to support the production of biomass for biofuel industry

A research on the application of MSSIP-2 nutrient in marine phytoplankton culture has been conducted to produce biomass to be used as raw material for biofuel. Marine phytoplankton was cultivated using the nutrient media and the growth rates were studied by measuring the cell solidity at various growth times. Seven phytoplanktons; Isochrysis aff galbana, Spirulina sp., Thalassiosira sp., and Nitzchia sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Isochrysis tahiti were used in the research. The experimental temperature, salinity, and pH of the media were measured and the specific growth rates of phytoplanktons were determined using the first order rate equation. Results showed that the highest specific growth rate was given by Chlorella vulgaris (0.0322 cells/hour) and the lowest one was by Thalassiosira sp. (0.0277 cells/hour). The highest biomass weight was obtained from Isochrysis aff galbana (0.329 g), whereas the lowest one (0.27 g) was from Nitzchia sp. The carbohydrate content was various, the highest content was 34.07% found in Isochrysis aff galbana and the lowest was 28.16% in Thalassiosira sp.

Biometric Estimation of Carbon Storage in Hevea brasiliensis Planted in Different Densities

Carbon pool can be found in all four spheres of earth and the flux of carbon from one pool to another would result in climate change. An increased awareness to offset release of carbon in the atmosphere is emphasized in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through Kyoto Protocol. The establishment of rubber forest for the purpose of reducing atmospheric carbon is one of the options to sequester carbon in addition to benefitting from timber harvests at the end of crop rotation. The study analysed carbon concentration and carbon content in all plant parts of eleven-years-old rubber clones; RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025 planted in four planting densities; 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plants/ha. Carbon concentration was found the highest in leaf of RRIM 2020 at 500 plants/ha density (53.3% 0.2%). This could be explained by the presence of photosynthetic activity and the resulted high amount of lignin. Carbon content is found the highest in large branch of RRIM 2020 at 500 plants/ha density (93.04 ± 11.22 kg), because of the high biomass weight of large branch and the abundant amount of lignocellulosic material. Trend analysis of total carbon sequestered in plant parts with planting density was found to be in negative pattern; quadratic and cubic regression for RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025, respectively. However when total carbon content per hectare was calculated it was found that carbon content was the highest at 1500 plants/ha density (140.355 ± 9888 kg, clone RRIM 2025). Even though high density planting gave higher carbon sequestration per hectare, planting at 500 plants/ha is still recommended as this gives more biomass weight to rubber plant parts and thus subsequently benefits the timber industry.

The influence of slow-release fertilizers on potted chrysanthemum growth and nutrient consumption

In a two-year vegetation experiment, the effects of fertilizer with two slow nutrient releasing mechanisms on the growth of outdoor grown potted chrysanthemums (Multiflora group Chrysanthemum &amp;times; grandiflorum) as well as on their uptake of the nutrients N, P, K, were studied. In this experiment, coated fertilizer with a controlled nutrient release effect (CRF) &amp;ndash; Basacote 6M and fertilizer with a slow soluble nutrients (SRF) &amp;ndash; Lovogreen NPK were tested. In the control variant, Kristalon Blue fertilizer was regularly applied in a solution form. From this experiment, the suitability of a onetime application of a slow nutrient &amp;ndash; releasing fertilizer to potted chrysanthemums was ascertained. The fertilizers with a slow nutrient release effect were shown to ensure better plant growth during vegetation as well as a higher biomass weight and nutrient consumption level. From the onset of vegetation, the highest rates of biomass growth and nutrient consumption by plants were evident in the (CRF) &amp;ndash; Basacote 6M fertilizer treatment.

Interaction of Mercuric Ions with Different Marine Algal Species

ABSTRACT The use of different seaweeds such as Sargassum sp., Turbinaria conoides, and Ulva sp. in removing mercury(II) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The initial experimental runs, conducted at different equilibrium pH conditions, demonstrated that brown seaweeds outperformed green seaweed in Hg(II) biosorption at all pH conditions. In particular, at pH 5, maximum biosorption capacities of 170.3 and 145.8 mg/g were recorded for the brown seaweeds T. conoides and Sargassum sp., respectively, compared with 138.4 mg/g for the green seaweed Ulva sp. Isotherm data were modeled and interpreted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Toth models, with the latter described the Hg(II) isotherms with high correlation coefficients and low % error values. The kinetic data indicate the rapidity of the biosorption process, with the equilibrium achieved within 90 min. Several models, including the Elovich, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order models, were examined for their suitability with the present data; the correlation coefficient and % error values, along with better prediction of equilibrium uptake values, favored the pseudo-first-order model. The desorption experiments were highly successful for T. conoides biomass with 0.05 M HCl, whereas for the other two seaweeds, 0.05 M HCl resulted in high biomass weight loss. Reusing T. conoides biomass in three successive sorption-desorption cycles resulted in only 8.8% reduction in Hg(II) biosorption capacity compared with its original uptake.