High Biodiversity Research Articles

An improved optical trapezoid model to identify wetlands and irrigation water ponds in the arid irrigation district using Google Earth Engine

ABSTRACT In arid regions, wetlands support ecosystem with high biodiversity and productivity. Meanwhile, irrigation during the fallow period often results in the temporary formation of water ponds in the cropland, which plays a critical role in agricultural productivity. The prompt identification of wetlands and irrigation water ponds in irrigation districts is important for the protection of local wetland ecosystem and the effective management of irrigation water. Utilizing the OPtical TRApezoid Model (OPTRAM) for soil moisture estimation, we have proposed an improved version of OPTRAM aimed to identify wetlands and irrigation water ponds in irrigation district using Sentinel-2 data through Google Earth Engine platform. Different criteria were used for the identification of wetland and irrigation water pond, given the greater diversity associated with wetlands. Parameters for the wet edge determined from OPTRAM were used to identify wetlands, while an additional threshold was added to the model and calibrated in accordance with the irrigated area to identify irrigation water ponds. The improved OPTRAM was applied in Hetao Irrigation District (HID) of Northwest China from 2016 to 2023, where autumn irrigation applied in late autumn after crop harvesting was considered. The identified distributions of wetland and autumn irrigation were validated with observations from field survey and statistical data, and were also compared with other remote sensing products. Results show that the proposed model is effective in identifying both wetlands and irrigation ponds. Considering the wetlands, the distances from identified boundaries to the actual boundaries obtained from field surveys were calculated, revealing the mean absolute error of 6.99 m, alongside a validation accuracy ratio of 0.94 for points located within wetlands. For autumn irrigation extent, the overall accuracy is 0.90 based on the observations from field survey, with mean absolute relative errors for irrigated areas across four sub-irrigation districts recorded as 20.55%, 8.10%, 12.83%, and 11.38%, respectively, when compared with statistical data. The majority of wetlands within HID are small in size and scattered, with different trends observed in the wetland areas of sub-irrigation districts and Wuliangsuhai Lake. Autumn irrigated croplands are mainly concentrated in Jiefangzha sub-irrigation district while being scattered across other sub-irrigation districts, depicting an overall decreasing trend in the autumn irrigated area. In summary, the proposed model performed well in identifying both wetlands and irrigation ponds, and can offer valuable support for the conservation of wetland ecosystem and irrigation management.

Multivariate Environmental Factors and Seasonal Spatial Dynamics Affecting the Phytoplankton Community in Yazhou Bay, South China Sea

This study investigated phytoplankton and water environmental factors in Yazhou Bay, South China Sea, during the winter, spring, and summer of 2023. It examined phytoplankton community structure, subgroup heterogeneity, and key environmental drivers. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 0.08 to 14.30 × 10⁴ cells·L−1, with high concentrations in estuary and nearshore zones. In summer, currents carry phytoplankton offshore, with stratification leading to high sedimentation in southern offshore waters. RDA results indicated that in winter and spring, inorganic nitrogen mainly influences phytoplankton distribution, while silicate is the primary factor in summer. Although seasonal differences in total phytoplankton abundance are minimal, significant horizontal and vertical distribution variations exist. Diverse preferences of different phytoplankton species for temperature, salinity, nitrogen, and phosphorus result in high species diversity. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) averages 3.96 ± 0.09, and the Pielou evenness index (J) averages 0.82 ± 0.01. Dominant species include Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Skeletonema costatum, and Rhizosolenia sinica. Influenced by external oceanic water masses, estuary input, and islands, phytoplankton subgroups show regional and seasonal variations. Despite recorded harmful algal blooms (HABs) in adjacent waters, Yazhou Bay’s high biodiversity and low cell density suggest a low HAB risk, though future risks due to climate change and human activities remain.

Fish–Seascape Associations Within an Offshore Protected Area in the Arabian Gulf

ABSTRACTCoral reef ecosystems support high fish biodiversity through ecological interactions with structural complexity across multiple spatial scales including coral colony architecture and the surrounding seascape structure. In an era where the complexity of coral reef ecosystems is being diminished, understanding the importance of structural characteristics beyond single focal patches has the potential to better inform actions for protecting, restoring or creating habitat for reef‐associated species. A seascape ecology approach was applied to explore the associations between multiple scales of seascape structure and fish assemblage response variables within a small (49.6 km2) offshore no‐take MPA, Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area, in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Fish–seascape associations were modelled with single regression trees. Both in situ and remote sensing–derived variables produced the best models with highest contributions from coral cover, amount of hard‐bottom habitat type and structural complexity of the seafloor terrain. Fish species richness was significantly higher where coral cover exceeded 35%. The hard‐bottom areas with coral supported diverse assemblages dominated by carnivorous and omnivorous fishes. The Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area provides a critical refuge for threatened and regionally overexploited species including those with low resilience to fishing. The ecological success of this protected area is key to safeguarding regional marine biodiversity and recovering fish populations to enhance food security.

The critical need for long-term biomonitoring: The case study of a major river system in Anatolia.

The long-term monitoring of freshwater ecosystems has been globally recognized for its critical role in preserving natural biodiversity and human well-being over the past century, yet monitoring efforts remain heterogeneously distributed. The Anatolia region in Turkey is known to host three out of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots, boasting high biodiversity, but is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic effects and invasive freshwater fish species. Although the introduction of non-native fish species and pollution has detrimental effects on different river catchments in this area, long-term biomonitoring studies in Anatolia remain scarce and inconsistent. Collecting information of the Gediz River basin, a major Anatolian river catchment as a model that has been significantly impacted by human activities, published between 1971 and 2023, a total of 21 fish species from 12 families were identified. The spatial and temporal occurrences of these species fluctuated significantly due to heterogeneous sampling efforts that did not follow a clear pattern, indicating a complex ecological and conservation scenario characterized by both spatial and temporal variability in species prevalence, endemism and abundance. The presented results emphasize the need for comprehensive long-term biodiversity monitoring for anthropogenically impacted catchments like the Gediz River basin. Only with a coherent basis of high-resolution monitoring data can the multiple stressors threatening Anatolia's freshwater biodiversity be disentangled and, subsequently, be mitigated. Using the Gediz River basin as an example, this study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive, long-term biodiversity monitoring in understudied regions worldwide to protect regional biodiversity and ensure ecosystem health.

On the role of onshore geostrophic flow on larval retention in a permanent upwelling zone along north-central Chile

The Humboldt Archipelago (HAp), located off north-central Chile (~28° - 33° S) is one of the most productive marine zones of the Humboldt Current System (HCS). This area lies within a permanent upwelling zone, characterized by two upwelling centers, 100 km apart, that define the Coquimbo Bays System (CBS). The resulting increase in primary productivity and larval retention are mentioned as the main factors that explain the high biodiversity. However, how these upwelling centers interact remains unclear due to the interplay of various physical features such as the general circulation, the meso- and submeso-scale structures (e.g., eddies), and remote and local forcings (e.g., winds, topography) that affect larval transport in the HAp. In this study, we focus on the role played by geostrophic and Ekman currents in controlling the retention (and dispersion) of particles in these centers based on the analyses of satellite data and hydrodynamic model outputs. Lagrangian models are in particular carried out to document particles’ transport during selected oceanic conditions corresponding to whether Ekman transport or geostrophic recirculation prevails or are debilitated. The latitudinal variation of the Ekman transport reveals two maxima at each upwelling center with differences in spatial extent but not in intensity. Mean zonal geostrophic current occurs in alternating flow at each upwelling center. Results of the Lagrangian experiments highlight the importance of the cross-shore geostrophic flow on larval transport, where an increased transport of particles to the north and northwest occurs at the southern upwelling center, while the northern upwelling center (where HAp is located) received particles from the south and retained particles released in the same area, which is related to the cyclonic geostrophic recirculation and lower Ekman transport. Particle retention increased with depth and under the relaxation and downwelling scenarios revealing the importance of wind alternation for larval retention. The CBS could act as an upwelling shadow in the south and an upwelling trap in the north where the onshore flow of geostrophic current could enhance larval retention and recruitment over longer periods when compared with the Ekman transport timescale.

Research progress on coral reef growth factors and their ecosystem restoration

Healthy coral reef ecosystems have various functions such as reef-building, reef protection, reef stabilization, wave protection, shore protection, and the prevention of land erosion. Additionally, coral reef ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity, often dubbed the “rainforest” of the ocean, as one of the most crucial ecosystems on Earth. In recent decades, global coral reefs have been significantly affected or damaged to varying degrees by climate change and human activities, posing threats to marine ecology and reef safety. This paper outlines the factors influencing coral reef growth, including global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication, suspended solids, and tourism activities. It also discusses the status of coral reefs and viable restoration methods. Finally, this paper proposes an updated strategy for coral reef conservation, offering fresh insights into coral reef restoration efforts.

Experimental coral reef communities transform yet persist under mitigated future ocean warming and acidification

Coral reefs are among the most sensitive ecosystems affected by ocean warming and acidification, and are predicted to collapse over the next few decades. Reefs are predicted to shift from net accreting calcifier-dominated systems with exceptionally high biodiversity to net eroding algal-dominated systems with dramatically reduced biodiversity. Here, we present a two-year experimental study examining the responses of entire mesocosm coral reef communities to warming (+2 °C), acidification (-0.2 pH units), and combined future ocean (+2 °C, -0.2 pH) treatments. Contrary to modeled projections, we show that under future ocean conditions, these communities shift structure and composition yet persist as novel calcifying ecosystems with high biodiversity. Our results suggest that if climate change is limited to Paris Climate Agreement targets, coral reefs could persist in an altered state rather than collapse.

Canting Expedition: Herpetofauna Diversity in the Mendolo Village, Lebakbarang, Pekalongan

Central Java is an area that has natural forests with quite high biodiversity potential, one of which is Mendolo Village, Lebakbarang, Pekalongan. The diversity of herpetofauna species is one of its potential biodiversity. Data collection on herpetofauna in Mendolo Village has not yet been carried out, even though this village is in direct contact with natural forests with great potential. The aim of this research is to reveal the diversity of herpetofauna types at this location. The method used is VES (Visual Encounter Survey). The data obtained was then analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. There were 23 species of reptiles and 16 species of amphibians, with a Diversity Index value of 2.942 for reptile types and 2.28 for amphibians. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the diversity of herpetofauna species in Mendolo Village is in the quite high category.

A checklist of avian fauna of Suang Reserve Forest, Nagaon, Assam, India with notes on some species of interest

This study presents the first avian checklist from the Suang Reserve Forest of Nagaon, Assam, India. The study conducted between 2018 and 2023 documented 228 bird species belonging to 18 orders and 64 families of which four are globally threatened according to the IUCN Red List. Passeriformes was the most dominant order, with 128 species. Among non-passerines, Piciformes exhibited the highest richness (15 species), followed by Cuculiformes and Accipitriformes (13 species each). The family Muscicapidae had the greatest species diversity (21 species), followed by Accipitridae (13 species), Phylloscopidae (11 species), and Picidae (11 species). We also documented 38 winter visitors and seven summer migrants in the reserve forest. Noteworthy findings included rare sightings of the White-cheeked Partridge and Grey Peacock-Pheasant, and unusual sightings of Wreathed Hornbill and Pacific Golden Plover. The results showed the healthy condition of the forest and its high biodiversity value, despite the study limitations due to inaccessible terrain. We recommend extensive documentation of avifauna and other biodiversity for this region for future conservation planning.

Where did they come from, where did they go? Niche conservatism in woody and herbaceous plants and implications for plant-based paleoclimatic reconstructions.

The ecological conditions that constrain plants to an environmental niche are assumed to be constant through time. While the fossil record has been used previously to test for niche conservatism of woody flowering plants, additional studies are needed in other plant groups especially since they can provide insight with paleoclimatic reconstructions, high biodiversity in modern terrestrial ecosystems, and significant contributions to agriculture. We tested climatic niche conservatism across time by characterizing the climatic niches of living herbaceous ginger plants (Zingiberaceae) and woody dawn redwood (Metasequoia) against paleoniches reconstructed based on fossil distribution data and paleoclimatic models. Despite few fossil Zingiberaceae occurrences in the latitudinal tropics, unlike living Zingiberaceae, extinct Zingiberaceae likely experienced paratropical conditions in the higher latitudes, especially in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. The living and fossil distributions of Metasequoia largely remain in the upper latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The Zingiberaceae shifted from an initial subtropical climatic paleoniche in the Cretaceous, toward a temperate regime in the late Cenozoic; Metasequoia occupied a more consistent climatic niche over the same time intervals. Because of the inconsistent climatic niches of Zingiberaceae over geologic time, we are less confident of using them for taxonomic-based paleoclimatic reconstruction methods like nearest living relative, which assume a consistent climatic niche between extant and extinct relatives; we argue that the consistent climatic niche of Metasequoia is more appropriate for these reconstructions. Niche conservatism cannot be assumed between extant and extinct plants and should be tested further in groups used for paleoclimatic reconstructions.

Mini review: antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.

The marine environment is considered one of the most important ecosystems with high biodiversity. Microorganisms in this environment are variable and coexist with other marine organisms. The microbes associated with other marine organisms produce compounds with biological activity that may help the host's defense against invading organisms. The symbiotic association of bacteria with marine invertebrates is of ecological and biotechnological importance. Biologically active metabolites isolated from bacteria associated with marine invertebrates are considered potential sources of natural antimicrobial molecules for treating infectious diseases. Many studies have been conducted to screen the antimicrobial activity of metabolites produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates. This work provides an overview of the advancements in antimicrobial compound research on bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.

Identifying complementary conservation and restoration priority areas for plant species

The coverage of protected areas (PAs) remains far from the Kunming-Montreal target and degraded ecosystems are greatly limiting the conservation efficiency of PAs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to identify conservation and restoration priority areas to supplement existing PAs. A case study was conducted focusing on Yunnan, southwestern China, which intersects with three world biodiversity hotspots. First, the spatial ranges for 3768 representative conservation plant species were mapped using species distribution models. Subsequently, planning units were classified into three restorability categories, namely no-need restoration, potentially restorable and non-restorable units, according to land cover changes between 2000 and 2020. Then, conservation and restoration priority areas were identified by applying a two-step systematic conservation planning process. Finally, replacement cost analysis was applied to compare the effectiveness of existing PAs and the overall 30 % priority areas. Northwestern, southwestern, and southeastern Yunnan have high biodiversity conservation values. Especially in eastern and southeastern Yunnan, large amounts of restoration priority areas were identified. Conservation and restoration priority areas account for 15.80 % and 3.69 % of Yunnan's land, respectively. Compared to existing PAs, conservation priority areas can increase the number of species covered from 2461 to 3277, and further to 3566 when including restoration priority areas. Compared to existing PAs, the mean species coverage in the overall 30 % priority areas has increased from 27.28 % to 72.69 %. Notably, 12.86 % of existing PAs were identified as restoration priority areas. This study indicates that in addition to conservation measures, implementing restoration strategies in high conservation-value areas is equally important.

Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.

Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees.

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.

Modelling Marine Heatwaves Impact on Shallow and Upper Mesophotic Tropical Coral Reefs

Abstract Coral reefs ecosystems, often compared to rain forests for their high biodiversity, are threatened by ocean warming causing coral bleaching when the symbiotic relationship between dinoflagellates and corals breaks under high ocean temperatures. Thermal stress from marine heatwaves occur both at the surface and subsurface with subsurface marine heatwaves lasting longer with potentially higher cumulative intensities. However, global coral bleaching models generally ignore the differences in thermal stress between surface and sea-bed levels. Here, we define marine heatwaves at sea-bed level to model coral bleaching with daily resolution from May 6th 1993 to December 31st 2023, for 9944 tropical coral reefs between 0 and 50m depths. We show that deeper reefs experience on average higher thermal stress and bleaching compared to surface reefs. Using surface temperature data to model bleaching for deeper corals underestimates bleaching intensities by an average of 6 ± 9% compared to the subsurface calibrated model. Our study is a starting point for more accurate coral bleaching modelling, providing additional evidence to reshape our perception of deeper coral reefs as potential refugees from climate change. 

Bacterial phylotypes associated with rock-dwelling Umbilicaria Lichens from Arctic/Subarctic areas in North America and Northern Europe

AbstractThe diversity of bacteria associated with lichens has received increasing attention. However, studies based on next-generation sequencing of microbiomes have not yet been conducted in the Arctic and Subarctic regions. In this study, rock-dwelling lichens belonging to the Umbilicariaceae family were sampled from the Arctic and Subarctic biological zones. The primary research purpose was to undertake a comparative investigation of the bacterial composition and diversity, identify potential indicators, and explore their potential metabolic pathways. 18S rRNA gene sequences of the fungal partner belonging to the genus Umbilicaria (Ascomycota) and the algal partner affiliated with the lineage Trebouxia (Chlorophyta). Comparing Umbilicaria spp. with a previous study in the Antarctic zone, the fungal partners were more inclined to cluster by sampling region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were established based on a predetermined similarity threshold for V3-V4 sequences, which were ascribed to 19 bacterial phyla, and ten of them were consistently present in all samples. The most distinct zonal indicator genera based on OTU frequencies from Arctic and Subarctic lichens were Capsulimonas (Armatimonadota) and Jatrophihabitans (Actinomycota), respectively. Although the Subarctic zone had higher biodiversity and species richness based on alpha-diversity, the beta-diversity showed that the main species of bacterial communities were not significantly different, and the predictions of metabolic pathways based on the bacterial microbiome in lichen samples from the two zones were similar. These findings provide evidence that the geographical and/or bioclimatic environment and the different lichen-forming fungal species mainly and partially influence bacterial microbiomes and metabolic pathways.

Structure and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Populations in the Black Sea from 2014 to 2017

This study investigated the seasonal variations in phytoplankton communities along the Turkish Black Sea coast (2014-2017). Analyzing data from 20 stations revealed high biodiversity (175 species across 14 classes). Phytoplankton abundance showed distinct seasonality, with a peak in summer (2017, 96.6%) and lows in winter, characterized by dinoflagellate dominance. In terms of biomass, diatoms dominated in half of the sampling seasons, while dinoflagellates dominated in the other half at the surface during the study period. The dominance of dinoflagellates corresponded to the winters and summers of 2015 and 2016. The winter conditions of 2015 were harsh. The surface water community composition sometimes varied from that of the water column. Importantly, 44 potentially toxic species were identified, comprising 25% of the community and significantly contributing to both abundance (73.2-98.6%) and biomass (64-90.2%) throughout the year. These results highlight the unique structure of the Black Sea phytoplankton community, characterized by seasonal dominance of diatoms and a significant presence of potentially toxic species. Season, year, and water depth significantly influenced the phytoplankton assemblages. Water temperature was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and nitrogen-based nutrients.

Diversity of phytovirus strains in the South of the Russian Far East

Aim: to systematise data on the strain diversity of phytoviruses isolated in the South of the Russian Far East based on the analysis of the funds of the Russian Collection of East Asian Viruses of the Laboratory of Virology of the Federal Research Centre for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.The paper considers strains belonging to representatives of the genera Carlavirus (Tymovirales: Betaflexiviridae) (potato virus M, potato virus S, Vicia pseudorobus necrotic mosaic virus, lily symptomless virus); Cucumovirus (Martellivirales: Bromoviridae) (tomato aspermy virus, cucumber mosaic virus); Nepovirus (Picornavirales: Secoviridae) (raspberry ringspot virus, tobacco ringspot virus, tomato ringspot virus, dayflower mosaic virus, Phryma asiatica mosaic virus, Capsicum annuum necrotic spot virus, foenugreek necrotic spot virus); Potexvirus (Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae) (potato aucuba mosaic virus, potato virus X, white clover mosaic virus, Plantago asiatica mosaic virus, hydrangea ringspot virus, lily virus X); Potyvirus (Patatavirales: Potyviridae) (Onion yellow dwarf virus, Trifolium hybridum yellow mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, potato virus A, potato virus Y, Trifolium repens mottle virus, Hippeastrum mosaic virus, mountain clover mosaic virus, soybean mosaic virus, Tradescantia albiflora mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, bean common mosaic virus, soybean weak mosaic virus, soybean chlorotic deformation virus); Tobamovirus (Martellivirales: Virgaviridae) (cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus).The level revealed of strain variety of phytoviruses in the South of the Russian Far East as a reflection of the high biodiversity in this region requires regular ecological and phytovirusological monitoring in both natural and agrobiocenoses.

Bird Leg Skin Lesions and Urbanization in a Neotropical Savanna City.

Urban sprawl threatens biodiversity and is responsible for significant changes in the species that live in these environments. Given the high cost of comprehensive surveillance, monitoring disease indirectly, such as detecting skin lesions in birds, may help us better understand the prevalence of diseases affecting wild populations. We assessed the frequency of leg skin lesions, as a proxy of disease presence, in 1,565 individuals of 25 species, along the urban matrix of a large Neotropical city, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that there is an increase in the frequency of skin lesions in birds due to urban intensification. We observed an increasing trend in some bird species between the frequency of occurrence of lesions and the intensity of urbanization. Species with a higher number of captures had an increase in the percentage of lesions, indicating that the occurrence of lesions may be linked to higher population density or that detection of the effect occurs only when sample sizes are high and controlled among urbanization categories. Our study highlights how the intensity of urbanization may increase the risk of disease transmission for these species. Unfortunately, studies on this topic are scarce in Neotropical regions, despite the region's high biodiversity and urban expansion.

Diversity and interactions of rhizobacteria determine multinutrient traits in tomato host plants under nitrogen and water disturbances

Abstract Coevolution within the plant holobiont extends the capacity of host plants for nutrient acquisition and stress resistance. However, the role of the rhizospheric microbiota in maintaining multinutrient utilization (i.e., multinutrient traits) in the host remains to be elucidated. Multinutrient cycling index (MNC), analogous to the widely used multifunctionality index, provides a straightforward and interpretable measure of the multinutrient traits in host plants. Using tomato as a model plant, we characterized MNC (based on multiple aboveground nutrient contents) in host plants under different nitrogen and water supply regimes and explored the associations between rhizospheric bacterial community assemblages and host-plant multinutrient profiles. Rhizosphere bacterial community diversity, quantitative abundance, predicted function, and key topological features of the co-occurrence network were more sensitive to water supply than to nitrogen supply. A core bacteriome comprising 61 genera, such as Candidatus Koribacter and Streptomyces, persisted across different habitats and served as a key predictor of host-plant nutrient uptake. The MNC index increased with greater diversity and higher core taxon abundance in the rhizobacterial community, while decreasing with higher average degree and graph density of rhizobacterial co-occurrence network. Multinutrient absorption by host plants was primarily regulated by community diversity and rhizobacterial network complexity under the interaction of nitrogen and water. The high biodiversity and complex species interactions of the rhizospheric bacteriome play crucial roles in host-plant performance. This study supports the development of rhizosphere microbiome engineering, facilitating effective manipulation of the microbiome for enhanced plant benefits, which supports sustainable agricultural practices and plant health.