Highest Age-specific Incidence Research Articles

The long-term spatio-temporal trends in burden and attributable risk factors of major depressive disorder at global, regional and national levels during 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for GBD 2019.

Caused by multiple risk factors, heavy burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) poses serious challenges to public health worldwide over the past 30 years. Yet the burden and attributable risk factors of MDD were not systematically known. We aimed to reveal the long-term spatio-temporal trends in the burden and attributable risk factors of MDD at global, regional and national levels during 1990-2019. We obtained MDD and attributable risk factors data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We used joinpoint regression model to assess the temporal trend in MDD burden, and age-period-cohort model to measure the effects of age, period and birth cohort on MDD incidence rate. We utilized population attributable fractions (PAFs) to estimate the specific proportions of MDD burden attributed to given risk factors. During 1990-2019, the global number of MDD incident cases, prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased by 59.10%, 59.57% and 58.57%, respectively. Whereas the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of MDD decreased during 1990-2019. The ASIR, ASPR and ASDR in women were 1.62, 1.62 and 1.60 times as that in men in 2019, respectively. The highest age-specific incidence, prevalence and DALYs rate occurred at the age of 60-64 in women, and at the age of 75-84 in men, but the maximum increasing trends in these age-specific rates occurred at the age of 5-9. Population living during 2000-2004 had higher risk of MDD. MDD burden varied by socio-demographic index (SDI), regions and nations. In 2019, low-SDI region, Central sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda had the highest ASIR, ASPR and ASDR. The global PAFs of intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV) were 8.43%, 5.46% and 4.86% in 2019, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the global ASIR, ASPR and ASDR of MDD had decreased trends, while the burden of MDD was still serious, and multiple disparities in MDD burden remarkably existed. Women, elderly and populations living during 2000-2004 and in low-SDI regions, had more severe burden of MDD. Children were more susceptible to MDD. Up to 18.75% of global MDD burden would be eliminated through early preventing against IPV, CSA and BV. Tailored strategies-and-measures in different regions and demographic groups based on findings in this studywould be urgently needed to eliminate the impacts of modifiable risk factors on MDD, and then mitigate the burden of MDD.

Age-period-cohort analysis of pancreatitis epidemiological trends from 1990 to 2019 and forecasts for 2044: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Pancreatitis poses a serious medical problem worldwide. This study aims to explore the epidemiological trends of pancreatitis from 1990 to 2019, analyze the association between disease burden and age, period and birth cohort, and subsequently present a forecast of pancreatitis incidence and deaths. Epidemiologic data were gathered from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool. Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Age-period-cohort analysis was utilized to estimate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. We also predicted the global epidemiological trends to 2044. Globally, the incident cases and deaths of pancreatitis increased 1.63-and 1.65-fold from 1990 to 2019, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) decreased over the past three decades. The age effect indicates that older people have higher age-specific incidence and death rates. The period effect on incidence and deaths showed downward trends from 1990 to 2019. The cohort effect demonstrated that incidence and death risk peaked in the earlier birth cohort and were lower in the latest birth cohort. Incident cases and deaths of pancreatitis may significantly increase in the next 25 years. The ASIRs were predicted to slightly increase, while the ASDRs were predicted to decrease. Epidemiologic patterns and trends of pancreatitis across age, period and birth cohort may provide novel insight into public health. Limitations of alcohol use and prevention strategies for pancreatitis are necessary to reduce future burden.

Epidemiological data of national Kawasaki disease registry in Iran, 2007-2019.

Kawasaki disease(KD) is a vasculitis of childhood that tends to influence the coronary arteries. There is no national data about the prevalence of KD in Iran. This study aimed to perform a national registry in Iran for 13 years. In this retrospective study, the data for KD extracted from medical records of <19 year-old patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Iran between 2007 and 2019 were recorded in the national KD registry system. Age, admission date, gender, location, and presence of KD criteria, laboratory and echocardiography findings, and treatment modalities were evaluated. Complete KD was considered if ≥4 clinical criteria of the KD existed and otherwise, incomplete KD was considered. Data from 1,682 KD patients including 999(59.39%) boys and 683(40.61%) girls and male/female ratio of 1.46 were evaluated. The mean age was 3.08 ± 2.49 years and 1465(87%) were living in urban regions. The yearly incidence of the disease was between 2.62 to 3.03 from 2015 to 2019. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in children <1-year-old. Incomplete and resistant KD included 1,321(78.54%) and 9(0.54%) patients, respectively. Abnormal echocardiography was detected in 619(36.80%) patients. Leukocytosis, with dominancy of neutrophils, anemia, thrombocytosis and increased ESR and CRP were the most noticeable laboratory findings. No death due to KD disease was reported. Based on this study, most of the KD cases are presented with atypical presentation in Iran. So, increasing awareness of primary healthcare workers by educating and updating their data is very important in timely diagnosis and management of the disease.

Uzrasno i polno specifične karakteristike obolelih od COVID-19 u Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini u 2020. godini

Introduction: Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic to severe clinical forms. Factors contributing to the unfavorable disease course, including gender and age of the patients, are still being studied. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the age and gender specifics of patients with different COVID-19 severity in the period March - December 2020 in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Material and methods: A descriptive method was applied. Data on laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were retrieved from the surveillance database of the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina and analyzed retrospectively. In terms of disease severity, cases were classified as: asymptomatic, mild, severe or critical. The gender and age-specific characteristics of COVID-19 cases in relation to the severity of the disease were analyzed and presented in tables and graphs. Results: In the observed period, a total of 78106 COVID-19 cases were registered (incidence 4217/100.000). Females accounted for 50.8% of cases. The highest age-specific incidence was registered in the age group 30 - 59 years (5876/100.000). Severe and critical forms of COVID-19 were more common in patients aged ≥ 60 years (18.0 - 39.0%). The asymptomatic disease prevailed in elderly ≥ 80 years (16.0%) and children &lt; 9 years of age (13.0%). The specific incidence of severe/critical forms was 1.6 - 2.4 times higher in men. Conclusion: In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, disease severity varied according to the gender and age of the patients. The working-age population was largely affected but severe disease forms were more often registered in the oldest, mostly male, patients.

Ultrasound-Confirmed, Age-Specific Uterine Leiomyoma Incidence in a Cohort of Black Individuals.

To estimate the age-specific incidence of uterine leiomyomas identified by transvaginal ultrasonography among participants in SELF (Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids). SELF is a longitudinal cohort study of individuals aged 23-35 years who self-identified as Black. Participants were recruited from the Detroit, Michigan, area and underwent up to five transvaginal ultrasonograms over a period of up to 10 years to identify uterine leiomyomas. We randomly imputed incidence dates between the last ultrasonogram date in which no leiomyomas were detected and the date of the ultrasonogram in which leiomyomas were first detected. We used Poisson regression to estimate age-specific incidence rates per 1,000 person-years with 95% CIs. The rates were then compared with those of the BWHS (Black Women's Health Study) and the NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)-two prospective cohort studies based on self-reported leiomyoma diagnoses. In this cohort, 1,693 participants completed a baseline interview and ultrasonogram. We excluded 385 (22.7%) participants with leiomyomas detected during baseline, seven participants whose ultrasonograms were poor quality, and 60 participants with only a baseline ultrasonogram. Among the remaining 1,241 participants, the overall incidence rate was 53.9 cases per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 48.6-59.6). The age-specific incidence rates (cases/1,000 person-years) were: younger than 30 years: 49.7, 95% CI 40.9-59.9; 30-34 years: 55.2, 95% CI 47.0-64.3; and 35-39 years: 58.2, 95% CI 47.3-70.9. Among participants aged younger than 30 years, the incidence rate in SELF was more than double that of the BWHS or the NHS II. The high age-specific leiomyoma incidence rates in this prospective ultrasound-based study indicate that many young Black individuals with leiomyomas go undiagnosed. These data suggest that individuals could benefit from ultrasound screening when they experience symptoms compatible with leiomyomas (eg, heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, pelvic pain).

The Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease and Carriage, Genotypic Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates in Zhejiang Province, China, 2011-2021.

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) remains a worldwide leading cause of epidemic meningitis. During 2011–July 2021, 55 meningococcal disease (MD) cases were reported with a case fatality rate of 5.45% in Zhejiang Province, China. The median age was 7 years. The annual incidence was 0.0017–0.0183 per 100,000 population. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in the group younger than 1 year. Serogroup was identified in 30 laboratory-confirmed MD cases, and MenB was most predominant. MenB was mainly observed in two age groups: younger than 5 and older than 35 years. MenB incidence was significantly increasing from 0.0018 per 100,000 in 2013 to 0.0070 per 100,000 in 2019. During 2015–2020, 17 positive samples were detected from 2,827 throat swabs from healthy population, of which 70.59% was MenB. Twenty multilocus sequence typing sequence types (STs) containing eight newly assigned STs (ST15881–ST15888) were determined in all Nm isolates. Either in MD cases or in healthy population, MenB CC ST-4821 was the predominant ST. It was worth noting that two MenY CC ST-23 cases occurred in 2019 and 2021, respectively. MenY CC ST-23 MD cases increased gradually in China. Phylogeny results based on genome sequencing indicated that Chinese MenW CC ST-11 isolates were genetically linked and grouped together with Japanese isolates, separated from MenW CC ST-11 isolates from Saudi Arabia Hajj outbreak, Europe, South Africa, South America, North America, and Oceania. MenW CC ST-11 isolates from East Asia might have evolved locally. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed a relatively high resistance rate (22.86%) of Nm isolates to penicillin. This study provided valuable data for Chinese public health authorities to grasp the temporal epidemiological characteristics of MD and healthy carriage.

Spatiotemporal spread of chikungunya virus in Sarawak, Malaysia.

We studied the spatiotemporal spread of a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in Sarawak state, Malaysia, during 2009-2010. The residential addresses of 3054 notified CHIKV cases in 2009-2010 were georeferenced onto a base map of Sarawak with spatial data of rivers and roads using R software. The spatiotemporal spread was determined and clusters were detected using the space-time scan statistic with SaTScan. Overall CHIKV incidence was 127 per 100 000 population (range, 0-1125 within districts). The average speed of spread was 70.1 km/wk, with a peak of 228 cases/wk and the basic reproduction number (R0) was 3.1. The highest age-specific incidence rate was 228 per 100 000 in adults aged 50-54 y. Significantly more cases (79.4%) lived in rural areas compared with the general population (46.2%, p<0.0001). Five CHIKV clusters were detected. Likely spread was mostly by road, but a fifth of rural cases were spread by river travel. CHIKV initially spread quickly in rural areas mainly via roads, with lesser involvement of urban areas. Delayed spread occurred via river networks to more isolated areas in the rural interior. Understanding the patterns and timings of arboviral outbreak spread may allow targeted vector control measures at key transport hubs or in large transport vehicles.

Colorectal Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence, Temporal Trends, and Comparison to Regional and Western Countries.

Global trends in the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer show a steady increase with significant predilection to western developed countries, possibly linking it to westernized lifestyles among other risk factors. This study aims to investigate the incidence and trends of colorectal cancer in Lebanon, a country in the Middle East and North Africa region, and to compare these rates to those in regional and western countries. Colorectal cancer incidence data were extracted from the Lebanese National Cancer Registry for the currently available years 2005 to 2016. The calculated age-standardized incidence rates and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100,000 population. The age-standardized incidence rates of colorectal cancer in Lebanon increased from 16.3 and 13.0 per 100,000 in 2005 to 23.2 and 20.2 per 100,000 in 2016, among males and females, respectively. The incidences were higher for males, and they increased with age. The annual percent change was +4.36% and +4.45%, in males and females respectively (p-value < 0.05). There was a non-statistically significant trend of decrease in recent years (since 2012 in males and since 2011 in females). The age-standardized incidence rates in Lebanon were higher than those in the majority of the regional countries, but lower than the rates in developed western countries. There were high age-specific incidence rates at age groups 40-44 and 45-49 years in Lebanon in both males and females (with significant rising temporal trend) compared to other countries, including the ones reported to have the highest colorectal cancer age-standardized incidence rate worldwide. Therefore, the burden of colorectal cancer is significant in Lebanon. This raises the necessity to develop national strategies tailored to reduce colorectal cancer incidence through promoting healthy lifestyles, raising awareness, and early detection as of 40 years of age.

Geospatial and temporal variation of prostate cancer incidence

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate geographical and temporal variations in prostate cancer incidence in Victoria, Australia. Study design & methodsThis study analysed 105,349 cases of incident prostate cancer between 1982 and 2016 from the population-based Victorian Cancer Registry. We performed Poisson regression analyses to identify an association between an annual number of prostate cancer counts, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and the elderly male population (≥65) after adjusting for population at risk and years. We also applied Bayesian spatial-temporal models to determine any association with prostate cancer incidence and area-level factors. ResultsThe overall trend of the age-standardized prostate cancer incidence was increasing. The highest age-specific incidence was observed among people aged 65–74 years in the pre- and post-PSA periods. Every increase in 1000 PSA tests per 100,000 population, prostate cancer incidence increased by 17% (relative risk [RR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–1.22). A 1% increase in the proportion of the male population (≥65) correlated with a 7% increase in prostate cancer cases (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.06–1.10). Compared with early PSA periods, decreasing trends of low-grade cases and growing trends of high- and intermediate-grade cases were observed after a decline in PSA test usage in late PSA periods. Men living in the most socioeconomically advantaged postal areas had a decreased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 0.914, 95% CI = 0.858–0.976). ConclusionsAge-specific risk of developing biological prostate cancer, temporal changes in PSA testing and an increasingly elderly population contributed to an increasing trend of prostate cancer incidence. When incidence trends were investigated at a more granular geographic level, socioeconomically advantaged status was associated with decreased prostate cancer risk.

The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in younger patients in the United States: Who, what, when, and where?

1573 Background: Prior studies have shown an increase in the rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young individuals in the United States. However, few studies have evaluated the health disparities that exist in this population, particularly using large, national cohorts. We examined differences in age, race, stage, region, and tumor location in younger and older patients with CRC. Methods: Data were extracted from the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) for individuals diagnosed between 2001 and 2014. CRC incidence data among individuals &lt; 50 years old were compared to those &gt; 50 years old. Age-specific and age-adjusted incidences and trend analyses reported as annual percent change (APC) were performed using SEER*Stat and Joinpoint regression. Results: Of 1,886,441 individuals, the overall age-adjusted incidence of CRC decreased from 52.59 (per 100,000) in 2001 to 35.22 in 2014, with an APC of -3.24. Although over 35% cases were diagnosed in the Southern United States, the Northeast had the highest age-adjusted incidence at 45.26 per 100,000 patients. Younger patients were diagnosed with distant disease at 25.8% compared to only 18.4% in older patients. Younger patients were also more likely to have sigmoid or rectal cancers compared to older patients (64.3% vs. 45.7%). Of the 170,244 individuals &lt; 50 years, 90,855 (53.4%) were men and 79,389 (46.6%) were women. The age-specific incidence in this younger cohort increased from 5.63 to 6.48 between 2001-2014, with an APC of +1.24 in 2001-2008 compared to +2.55 in 2012-2014. The incidence of CRC in patients aged 0-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years was 0.41 (per 100,000), 6.08, and 21.09, respectively. Black individuals &lt; 50 years had the highest age-specific incidence of CRC (7.16 per 100,000) compared to Asian (6.43), White (6.07), or Hispanic (4.76) individuals. Conclusions: Our data suggests that CRC is increasing in young patients, particularly for those between 40-49 years and Black individuals. In our younger cohort, CRC was more commonly found in the sigmoid colon and rectum compared to older patients. Further research is warranted to direct resources towards improved colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy screening for younger patients at risk.

Analysis of incidence, mortality and survival for pancreatic and biliary tract cancers across Europe, with assessment of influence of revised European age standardisation on estimates

BackgroundPancreatic (PC) and biliary tract (BTC) cancers have higher incidence and mortality in Europe than elsewhere. We analysed time-trends in PC/BTC incidence, mortality, and survival across Europe. Since the European standard population (ESP) was recently revised to better represent European age structure, we also assessed the effect of adopting the revised ESP to age-standardise incidence and mortality data. MethodsWe analysed PCs/BTCs (≥15 years) diagnosed in 2000–2007 and followed-up to end of 2008, in 29 European countries across five regions: UK/Ireland, and northern, central, southern, and eastern Europe. Incidence, mortality, and 5-year relative survival were compared between regions, by age, sex, and period of diagnosis. ResultsVariation in age-standardised incidence (PC 12–15/100,000; BTC 2–6) and mortality (PC 10–14; BTC 1–5) was modest. Eastern Europe had highest incidence and mortality, and lowest survival; northern and southern Europe had highest age-specific incidence (most age groups) for PC and BTC, respectively. Incidence and survival increased slightly from 2000 to 2007, particularly in elderly patients and women, but survival remained poor (≤8% for PC; 13–18% for BTC). Use of the revised ESP for age-standardisation did not impact European regional incidence and mortality rankings. ConclusionPoor survival for PC and BTC, together with increasing incidence, indicate that action is required. Countries with higher incidence had higher risk factor frequency, suggesting that prevention initiatives targeting risk factors should be promoted. Improvements in diagnosis and treatment are also required. Our results provide a baseline from which to monitor evolution of the PC/BTC burden in Europe.

Incidence, mortality and receptor status of breast cancer in African Caribbean women: Data from the cancer registry of Guadeloupe

BackgroundGeographical disparities in breast cancer incidence and outcomes are reported worldwide. Women of African descent show lower incidence, higher mortality rates and earlier age of onset. We analyzed data from the cancer registry of Guadeloupe for the period 2008–2013. MethodsWe describe breast cancer characteristics by molecular subtype, as well as estimated observed and net survival. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine associations between cancer subtypes and death rate, adjusted for variables of interest. ResultsOverall, 1275 cases were recorded with a mean age at diagnosis of 57(±14) years. World standardized incidence and mortality were respectively 71.9/100,000 and 14.1/100,000 person-years. Age-specific incidence rates were comparable to European and US populations below the age of 45, and higher in Guadeloupean women aged between 45 and 55 years. Overall, 65.1% of patients were hormone receptor (HR)+ and 20.1% were HR-. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) accounted for 14% of all cases, and were more frequent in patients under 40 (21.6% vs. 13.4%, p=0.02). Five-year net survival was 84.9% [81.4-88.6]. It was higher for HR+/Her2+ and HR+/Her2- subtypes, and lower for HR-/Her2+ and TNBC patients. ConclusionWe found high age-specific incidence rates of breast cancer in women aged 45 to 55 years, which warrants further investigation in our population. However, this population of mainly African descent had good overall survival rates, and data according to subtypes are consistent with those reported internationally. These results may suggest that poorer survival in other African descent populations may not be an inherent feature of the disease but may be amenable to improvement.

Impact of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccinations on Reported Pertussis Cases Among Those 11 to 18 Years of Age in an Era of Waning Pertussis Immunity: A Follow-up Analysis.

There is accumulating literature on waning acellular pertussis vaccine-induced immunity, confirming the results of studies assessing the duration of protection of pertussis vaccines. To evaluate the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine's effect over time among those 11 to 18 years old, while accounting for the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines for the childhood primary series. Extended, retrospective analysis of reported pertussis cases between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2014, in the United States. The analysis included all nationally reported pertussis cases. US Tdap vaccination program and the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. Rate ratios of reported pertussis incidence (defined as incidence among 11- to 18-year-old individuals divided by the combined incidence in all other age groups) modeled with segmented regression analysis and age-specific trends in reported pertussis incidence over time. Between 1990 and 2014, 356 557 pertussis cases were reported in the United States. Of those, 191 914 (53.8%) were female and 240 665 (67.5%) were white. Overall incidence increased from 1.7 in 100 000 to 4.0 in 100 000 between 1990 and 2003, while latter years were dominated by epidemic peaks. Incidence was highest among infants younger than 1 year throughout the analysis period. Pertussis rates were comparable among all other age groups until the late 2000s, when an increased burden of pertussis emerged among children 1 to 10 years old, resulting in the second highest age-specific incidence. By 2014, 11- to 18-year-old individuals once again had the second highest incidence. While slope coefficients from segmented regression analysis showed a positive impact of Tdap immediately following introduction (slope, -0.4959; P < .001), a reversal in trends was observed in 2010 when rates of disease among 11- to 18-year-old individuals increased at a faster rate than all other age groups combined (slope, 0.5727; P < .001). While the impact of Tdap among adolescents looked promising following vaccine introduction, our extended analysis found that trends in adolescent disease were abruptly reversed in 2010, corresponding directly to the aging of acellular pertussis-vaccinated cohorts. Despite the apparent limitations of Tdap, it remains the best prevention against disease in adolescents.

Abstract 3705: Variable incidence of gastric cancer in Morocco

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and confirm clinical impressions of higher rates of gastric cancer in Marrakech, Morocco compared to Casablanca, Morocco, a city 150 kilometers away. This study collected demographic information about gastric cancer patients diagnosed or treated in Marrakech. It also calculated age-specific, sex-specific and total incidence rates of gastric cancer in Marrakech and compared them to rates from the population-based cancer registry of Casablanca. Using medical records of gastric cancer patients diagnosed/and or treated at the Center Hospital University_Mohamed VI (CHU) and reports from 4 main, private pathology laboratories in Marrakech, we identified a total of 774 patients for the period 2008-2012. The national census of Morocco was used to identify the population statistics by region and city. Incidence rates were obtained from the available published registries in Casablanca, which included years 2004-2007. Comparison of the results in Marrakech with rates from Casablanca showed higher age-specific incidence in Marrakech in nearly all age groups for males and females. A higher total incidence in Marrakech than in Casablanca was found with rates of 5.50 per 100,000 and 3.23 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence of gastric cancer was significantly higher among males in Marrakech than males in Casablanca (7.19 and 3.91 per 100,000, respectively) while the difference among females was not as pronounced, but still significantly different (3.87 and 2.58 per 100,000, respectively). By collecting demographic information from CHU gastric cancer patients, the study further revealed that most patients were from Marrakech, but many traveled from 2 administrative regions (as defined by the Kingdom of Morocco) adjacent to the region in which Marrakech is situated. In conclusion a significantly higher rate of gastric cancer was found in Marrakech when compared to the rates of Casablanca. Age-specific incidence rates of gastric cancer were higher in Marrakech in nearly all age groups for both males and females compared to respective rates in Casablanca. Comparisons of total sex-specific incidence rates found that both males and females in Marrakech had higher rates compared to their respected group in Casablanca. However, the difference in males was much more evident than the difference in females. Finally, the residence of patients found in the medical records was concentrated in the 2 regions surrounding Marrakech and the region Marrakech is in. Future studies should further evaluate the possible under-estimation of gastric cancer in Marrakech and explore the variable rates in other regions of Morocco. Citation Format: Brittney Smith, Mouna Khouchani, Mehdi Karkouri, Audrey Lazenby, Katherine Watkins, Ali Tahri, Abdel-Latif Benider, Shireen Rajaram, Amr Soliman. Variable incidence of gastric cancer in Morocco. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3705. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3705

Malignancies in children in Russia: trends and highlights

Objective - to determine current rates of childhood cancer incidence and mortality at a national level for Russia and to evaluate recent trends. Material and methods. Using the Annual reports of Ministry of health and Federal State Statistics Service we calculated childhood cancer incidence and mortality rates for the 5-year period 2008-2012 and trends between 1989 and 2012 by sex, age and site. Rates were directly age-standardised to the 2000 World Standard Population, and linear regression was used to determine the magnitude and significance of trends. Results. The age-adjusted incidence rate in children aged 0-17 years was 125 per 1,000, 000 individuals per year for 2008-2012. The highest age-specific incidence (159 per 1,000,000 children/year) was observed in early childhood (0-4 years). Between 1989 and 2012, a significant increase in the cancer incidence was observed in children aged 0-14 years: average annual percent change was 1,6% [95%CI 1,5%; 1,7%]. The greatest increase for this period was observedfor soft tissue sarcomas (3,7% [2,6; 4,9]), hepatic tumors (3,6% [2,6; 4,6]), thyroid carcinomas (3,7% [3,2; 4,2]), CNS neoplasms (2,9% [2,6; 3,1]), renal tumors (2,1% [1,7; 2,5]) and leukaemias (1,9% [1,7; 2,1]). The decrease of incidence was observed for Hodgkin (- 1,6% [-2,1; -1,2]) and non-Hodgkin (- 1.4% [-1,8; -1,0]) lymphomas. Childhood cancer mortality for 2008-2012 was 40 cases per 1000,000 children/year. The highest age-specific mortality rate (52,3 per 1,000,000) was observed in infants. The significant decrease of mortality were found from 1989 (70 per million) to 2012 (37per million). The greatest average annual decrease for this period was observedfor leukaemias (-3,8% [-4,0; -3,5]) and lymphomas (-6,8% [-7,3; -6,4]). The significant decrease of mortality in 19992012 was foundfor malignant bone tumors( -5,9% [-7,4; -4,3]), renal tumors (-2,9% [-4,7; -1,1]) and CNS neoplasms (-1,1% [-1,9; -0,3]) with the only exeption for soft tissue sarcomas (average annual increase was 3,2% [1,8; 4,7]). Conclusion. Significant temporal trends of childhood cancer incidence and mortality in Russia were found during the study period. Although rates of cancer mortality are generally decreasing in Russia there are still very high levels for common childhood cancer types.

Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease in Denmark 2006-2011: a population-based study.

To describe incidence, prevalence, hospitalization rates and survival for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Denmark 2006-2011. Using nationwide healthcare registries we identified all Danish residents with a hospital diagnosis of ALD and computed standardized incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rates in 2006-2011, age- and birth cohort-specific incidence for the 1930-1974 birth cohorts, and 1- and 5-year survival. In 2006-2011, the overall standardized ALD incidence decreased from 343 to 311 per 1,000,000 population per year. ALD incidence increased among women aged 65 years or older, but decreased in younger persons and men. Persons born in 1950-1959 had higher age-specific incidence than earlier and later birth cohorts. The prevalence (0.2% of the Danish adult population) and hospitalization rate were constant. The 1- and 5-year survival were 43 and 70%, respectively. In Denmark, persons born in 1950-1959 have had the highest age-specific incidence. The overall ALD incidence has been decreasing (along with per capita consumption). Despite increases in affordability during the study period, Denmark did not experience the increase in ALD seen, for example, in the UK. It is possible that this is due to the greater impact of government recommendations on safer drinking in Denmark than the UK.

Incidence of Gastric Cancer in Marrakech and Casablanca, Morocco.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally with over 70% of new cases occurring in developing countries. In Morocco, oncologists in Marrakech suspected higher frequency of gastric cancer compared to Casablanca, a city 150 kilometers away. This study calculated age-specific, sex-specific, and total incidence rates of gastric cancer in Marrakech and was compared to the Casablanca population-based cancer registry. Using medical records from Center Hospital University Mohammad VI and reports from 4 main private pathology laboratories in Marrakech, we identified 774 patients for the period 2008–2012. Comparison of rates showed higher age-specific incidence in Marrakech in nearly all age groups for both genders. A higher total incidence in Marrakech than in Casablanca was found with rates of 5.50 and 3.23 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence was significantly higher among males in Marrakech than males in Casablanca (7.19 and 3.91 per 100,000, resp.) and females in Marrakech compared to females in Casablanca (3.87 and 2.58 per 100,000, resp.). Future studies should address possible underestimation of gastric cancer in Marrakech, estimate incidence in other regions of Morocco, and investigate possible risk factors to explain the difference in rates.

Factors associated with delayed measles vaccination among children in Shenzhen, China: A case-control study

A delay in the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) may contribute to outbreaks of measles, resulting in a high age-specific incidence in infants <1 y of age. To determine the factors associated with delayed MCV1 vaccinations, we used data from the China Information Management System for Immunization Programming. Additionally, the parents/guardians of 430 children whose MCV1 vaccinations were delayed, as well as the parents/guardians of 424 children who received timely vaccinations, were surveyed by telephone. Children were less likely to receive timely MCV1 vaccinations if they belonged to an immigrant group, were male, had poor health status, had a father whose occupation e.g., a manager, had a history of delays in other Expanded Programs on Immunization (EPI) vaccinations, had parents who did not believe vaccinations were important for their children, and experienced shorter travel times to and longer waiting times in EPI clinics. The children of mothers whose occupational status (technician) were more likely to receive timely MCV1 vaccinations. The timeliness of MCV1 vaccinations should be considered as an additional indicator of the quality of vaccination programs.

Incidence, Mortality and Time Trends of Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Russia

ABSTRACT Aim: To estimate patterns and trends of childhood soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in Russia with respect to incidence and mortality data. Methods: The analysis was based on annual reports of Ministry of Health and Federal State Statistics Service on cases, deaths and person-years by gender, age, calendar year and region. Age-specific and age-adjusted rates were calculated. Additionally, the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), derived from a Poisson regression model, was estimated. Excess or deficit of incidence rates for geographical areas were expressed as standardized incidence ratio (SIR; standardized to rate of Russia as whole). Results: STS represent 5.8% of all childhood malignancies in Russia registered during for 2008-2012, behind leukaemias, brain tumors, lymphomas and renal tumors. The age-adjusted incidence rate (ASR, world standards) of STS per 1,000,000 patients below the age of 15 years was 7.2 (774 incident cases). The highest age-specific incidence was observed in children aged 0-4 years (11.5 per 1,000,000). A significant incidence trend was shown with AAPC of 3.7% [95% CI 3.2-4.2] between 1989 and 2012. The largest increase was observed in children aged 0-4 years (AAPC=5.6% [95% CI 4.7- 6.5]. There were doubling of average Russian incidence rates in some areas such as Samarskaya oblast (about 15 cases per 1,000,000, SIR=2 [95% CI 1.3-2.8]. STS accounts for 10.8% of deaths from cancer in children in Russia and thus ranks third behind leukaemia and brain tumors. The age-adjusted mortality rate of STS per 1,000,000 patients below the age of 15 years for 2008-2012 was 4.3 (459 deaths). The highest age-specific incidence was observed in children aged 1-4 years (6.7 per 1,000,000). A significant increase of mortality between 1999 and 2012 was shown with AAPC of 3.2% [95% CI 1.8- 4.7]). The geographical differences of death rates were not analysed because of small numbers. Conclusions: Significant increase of both incidence and mortality for childhood STS were found in Russia for recent decades. Further study is required to explain higher rate areas. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Recent Resurgence of Measles in a Community With High Vaccination Coverage

Even though 2-dose measles vaccination coverage rate was maintained at more than 95%, the largest measles outbreaks since 1996 still occurred in Wuhu city, P R China. A total of 916 cases were reported during 2005-2010. The annual incidence was 6.7 cases per 100,000 population with the peak incidence of 17.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2008. The highest age-specific incidence rate was 222.1 per 100,000 population and occurred in infants aged between 8 and 12 months; the second was 151.9 per 100,000 population in infants aged <8 months. Also, 200 cases occurred in those aged to 22 to 30 years old, accounting for 21.8% of total cases, with the age-specific incidence being 12.8 per 100,000 population. The characteristics related to age distribution have changed in recent measles outbreaks. It underlines the need for vaccination of susceptible young adults and timely administration of the first dose of the measles vaccine.