Higher Willingness Research Articles

Personal choice shields against affective influences on effort in a "do your best" task: Effects on cardiac response.

This experiment (N=113) tested whether personal choice vs. external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of incidental affective stimulation on effort-related cardiovascular response in a "do your best" task context. When participants could choose themselves the color of the stimuli (i.e., a series of letters to be recalled) used in a memory task, we expected high task commitment and willingness to mobilize resources, strong action shielding, and thus low receptivity for incidental affective influences. By contrast, when the color was externally assigned, we expected low willingness to mobilize resources, weak action shielding, and thus strong affective influences on effort. As predicted, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre-ejection period reactivity during task execution when exposed to sad music than when exposed to happy music. These music effects did not appear among participants who could personally choose the color. Here, effort was high independently of the happy or sad background music. The present study demonstrates the moderating effect of personal choice on resource mobilization in a task of unfixed difficulty with happy and sad background music as incidental affective influence.

Preferences for Starting Daily, On-Demand, and Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States (2021-2022): Nationwide Online Cross-Sectional Study.

Long-acting (LA) injectable preexposureprophylaxis (PrEP) and on-demand PrEP may improve overall PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM), but little is understood about the PrEP option preferences of MSM in practical scenarios where they may choose between various PrEP options. This study aims to examine the preferences for starting various PrEP options among a US nationwide online convenience sample of MSM from September 2021 to February 2022. Participants reporting no prior HIV diagnosis were provided brief descriptions of each PrEP option and were asked, "If [PrEP option] were available from your local doctor and you could access it for free, would you go to your doctor in the next month to start [PrEP option]?" Those who said "yes" to multiple options were asked to rank them in order of preference. MSM currently taking daily oral (DO) PrEP were asked whether they would switch to on-demand or LA PrEP options. Log binomial models were created to examine the association between willingness to start or switch to on-demand and LA PrEP with various sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In the analytic sample (N=7760), among the participants who did not use any PrEP in the past 12 months (n=5108, 66%), 54% (n=2445) reported willingness to start at least 1 PrEP option and 41% (n=1845) of participants showed interest in starting multiple PrEP options. Overall, the highest willingness was reported for on-demand PrEP (n=2235, 44%), followed by DO PrEP (n=2174, 43%) and LA PrEP (n=1482, 29%). LA PrEP was ranked first among those interested in multiple options. Characteristics associated with ranking LA PrEP as a first option to start PrEP versus DO or on-demand PrEP were region of residence (residing in the West vs Northeast), report of sexually transmitted infection diagnosis in the past year, report of illicit drug use other than marijuana in the past year, and prior awareness of LA PrEP. Among current DO PrEP users (n=2379, 31%), 58% (n=1386) were willing to switch to on-demand or LA PrEP, and LA PrEP was ranked first among participants who were open to switching to both options. Willingness to switch to LA PrEP was higher among those who used illicit drugs other than marijuana in the past year, who heard of LA PrEP prior to the survey, and those who took 15 or less doses of oral PrEP in the last 30 days. LA PrEP was the highest-ranked option among most MSM who were willing to try multiple options or switch from DO PrEP. These findings highlight that LA PrEP might fill coverage gaps among MSM who use illicit drugs, have had a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, and have less than optimal DO PrEP adherence.

Quantitative Measurements of the Effect of Framing and Social Closeness on Decision Making

According to prospect theory of framing, people's decisions are influenced by the potential outcomes themselves and how those outcomes are framed. In our study we investigated if social closeness would influence people in the same way and if it has an increased impact when used in combination with framing. We hypothesized that if the message is in gain-frame, then the potential donors, participants, will be more willing to donate, and if the potential donor and the recipient have a close relationship, then the donor will show higher willingness to donate. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that there will be an interaction effect between message framing and social closeness on willingness to donate. Participants (N = 1539) were randomly assigned to two different types of survey, one in a gain frame and other one in a loss frame. Social closeness was manipulated into two levels, close family member and close friend, and participants were again randomly assigned to two different types, with one asking to give the name of their close friend, and the other one asking to give the name of their close family member. Framing and social closeness both had effects on participants' decision making, however, unlike our hypothesis, did not have a combined effect. Our results imply that individuals may process information about framing and their social relations separately when deciding on donating. The cognitive process involved in this kind of decision making may require two separate processes for evaluating framing and social closeness, respectively.

Climate, Conflict, and Context: Reevaluating Americans’ Support for Refugees

ABSTRACT As more people are displaced by climate change, public acceptance of migrants is an increasingly relevant geographical and political issue. How willing are Americans to accept climate migrants and how does this support compare to others who are fleeing conflict? We conducted a nationally representative survey experiment (N=1,027) with prompts that varied the context of refugee resettlement, including a control condition without context, those displaced by global warming, refugees from Ukraine, and refugees from Afghanistan. Respondents expressed marginally lower willingness to admit climate migrants and significantly higher willingness to admit Ukrainian refugees. These differences were amplified by partisanship, religion, and race. These results suggest that some migrants experience a more welcoming public than others and highlight a challenge for those who are made vulnerable by climate change.

Willingness to pay for sustainability – the interplay between voluntary actions and forced choices

ABSTRACT We shed light on sustainability issues in the services industry by examining the interplay between voluntary actions and forced choices using choice-based data from the alpine skiing industry. We find that utility is significantly affected by both CO2 compensation and the mandatory use of public transportation. Utility estimates are used to calculate marginal willingness to pay for the two sustainability alternatives. CO2 compensation induces a higher willingness to pay for the service, but compulsory use of public transportation as part of the service package induces significantly lower willingness to pay. We also find that estimated utility varies across both age and time dimensions. Our findings can be used by businesses from a range of industries that are considering the introduction of “green” actions.

Assessing clinical medicine students’ acceptance of large language model: based on technology acceptance model

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medical education, there is limited understanding of medical students’ acceptance of LLMs and the factors influencing their use. This study explores medical students’ acceptance of LLMs in learning and examines the factors influencing this acceptance through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A questionnaire survey conducted among Chinese medical students revealed a high willingness to use LLMs in their studies. The findings suggest that attitudes play a crucial role in predicting medical students’ behavioral intentions to use LLMs, mediating the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk. Additionally, perceived risk and social influence directly impact behavioral intentions. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the applicability of the TAM to the acceptance of LLMs in medical education, highlighting the necessity for medical students to utilize LLMs as an auxiliary tool in their learning process.

Climate change terminology does not influence willingness to take climate action

Despite widespread concern about climate change, a majority of people are not engaging in climate actions necessary to help decrease the risks posed by global warming. Many practitioners and scholars have argued that the climate change terminology can be leveraged to elicit distinct reactions. However, the results of different climate change terms have been mixed. The current research addresses this ongoing debate by directly testing the impact of climate terminology. Across two experiments (Ntotal=6,132, recruited globally in 63 countries in Experiment 1, and a replication in the US in Experiment 2), we explored whether climate terminology influenced the extent to which individuals were willing to engage in preventative action. We tested the differential effect of 10 frequently used terms (i.e., “climate change”, “climate crisis”, “global warming”, “global heating”, “climate emergency”, “carbon pollution”, “carbon emissions”, “greenhouse gasses”, “greenhouse effect”, “global boiling”). Despite high willingness to engage in climate action (74% in Experiment 1 and 57% in Experiment 2), the terms had no impact on intentions to act. Bayesian ANOVAs strongly supported the null hypothesis in both studies. This pattern of null results was robust across a wide variety of populations (including age, gender, political ideology, socioeconomic status, and education level), as well as across numerous psychological and cultural variables. Our null results suggest that subtle differences in climate change language are not a barrier to climate action, indicating that focusing on subtle terminology in climate messaging is not an effective use of resources.

The GREENWATER study: patients' green sensitivity and potential recovery of injected contrast agents.

The environmental footprint of iodinated contrast agents (ICAs) and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is noteworthy. This study assesses: (1) patients' "green sensitivity" as measured by their acceptance in a sustainability study and (2) the resulting potential reduction of contrast residuals in wastewater. After ethical approval, participants scheduled for administration of ICAs or GBCAs for diagnostic purposes were enrolled in this prospective observational study from July 2022 to October 2023. They were asked to prolong their hospital stay by up to 60 min to collect their first urine in dedicated canisters, thereby measuring the recovery rates of ICAs and GBCAs as found/theoretical ratio of concentrations. Mann-Whitney U, χ2 tests, and multivariable regression analysis were used. Patients scheduled for contrast-enhanced CT or MRI (n = 455) were screened; 422 (92.7%) accepted to participate. We enrolled 212 patients administered with ICAs and 210 administered with GBCAs. The median recovery rate was 51.2% (interquartile range 29.2-77.9%) for ICAs and 12.9% (9.0-19.3%) for GBCAs. At multivariable analysis, a significant effect of patient age (ICAs, p = 0.001; GBCAs, p = 0.014), urine volume (p < 0.001 for both), and time interval from contrast administration to urine collection (p < 0.001 for both) on recovery rates was found for both contrast agents; injected contrast volume (p = 0.046) and saline flushing usage (p = 0.008) showed asignificant effect only for ICAs. The high patient enrollment compliance (93%) and potential recovery rates of 51% (ICAs) and 13% (GBCAs) play in favor of sustainable practices in reducing the environmental footprint of contrast agents. Question How many patients are willing to extend their stay in radiology by up to 60 min to help reduce the environmental impact of contrast agents? Findings Over 90% of screened patients agreed to extend their stay by up to 60 min and collect their urine in dedicated containers. Clinical relevance Patients demonstrated a high willingness to cooperate in reducing the environmental impact of contrast agents, allowing for a potential recovery of approximately 51% for iodinated and 13% for gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Formation of leadership competences in the context of emergent development of the IT industry

The object of research is processes and approaches to the development of leadership competencies of personnel in IT organizations. The research is devoted to the analysis of the features of the formation of leadership competencies in the context of the emergent development of the IT industry. The work examines the evolution of concepts of corporate training and their adaptation to the specifics of the IT sphere, which is characterized by a high rate of technological changes and innovation. Traditional and innovative forms of personnel development are analyzed, with a special emphasis on their effectiveness in the context of the IT industry. A survey was conducted among employees of IT companies, which revealed high leadership potential and willingness to accept responsibility among industry specialists. At the same time, certain gaps in the development of certain competencies have been identified, in particular, regarding the ability to effectively delegate tasks and make risky decisions. The results of the study emphasize the need to adapt traditional leadership models to the unique requirements of the IT industry, with a focus on the development of technical competence, innovative thinking and adaptability. The paper offers recommendations for improving leadership development programs in IT companies. These recommendations include the implementation of flexible learning formats that combine online and offline components, as well as the use of modern technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, to develop leadership skills. Special attention is paid to the development of such competencies as managing virtual teams and cross-cultural leadership, which are becoming more and more relevant in the context of the globalization of the IT industry. The paper outlines directions for further research, in particular the study of the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the formation of leadership competencies in the IT sphere. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical value for the development of effective strategies for the development of leadership potential in IT companies, which will contribute to increasing their competitiveness on the global market.

Mentoring Relationships Within a School-based Environment

Past research examining mentoring programs has explained the benefits that student mentees received from having an adult as a mentor. For the mentee, studies indicate that mentoring relationships positively influence academic performance, social attitudes, communication abilities, and career aspirations. However, there has been very little research from the perspective of the mentor regarding their experiences of being in a mentoring relationship. This study builds upon Berning’s (2013) research that extracted the thoughts and opinions of retiree and teen mentors who worked with elementary students. The Berning report recommended that further research study adults involved in the workplace who spent their off time serving as mentors. This study addresses this gap by surveying 69 adult business professionals mentoring high school students in San Antonio, Texas. The survey revealed four central themes: 1) both mentors and mentees require high motivation for a successful relationship, with mentors often motivated by personal fulfillment; 2) mentors are driven by a commitment to give back to the community despite most lacking prior mentoring experience; 3) there is significant interest in mentor training to enhance program effectiveness; and 4) mentors generally enjoy the program, showing high willingness to continue, inclination to recommend it, and satisfaction with a monthly meeting schedule. Successful mentors are active listeners who engage their mentees by setting clear, aligned goals, while gaining the added benefits of enhanced communication and leadership skills through their mentoring roles.

Global malaria vaccine research and community perception in Africa: a systematic review

Abstract Background Malaria vaccine is one of the critical areas in tropical health research, considering the success recorded in other vaccine-preventable diseases. This review provides an overview of global malaria vaccine research and systematically reviews community perception of the vaccine in Africa. Methods A validated search was conducted to identify scientific literature on malaria vaccines in the Scopus database from 2005. Bibliometric indicators explored include publication/citation indices over time and the overall research themes using VOSviewer. A further in-depth search was undertaken in five databases to identify studies on community perception of malaria vaccine in Africa. Studies were screened, quality appraised, and narratively synthesized. Results 6457 malaria-vaccine-related documents were found in 160 journals/sources from 189 countries/territories. There were 214,323 total citations, with 33.2 average citations per document and 167 documents’ h-index. The United States, United Kingdom and Australia combined produced more than 60% of the publication output. Six themes emerged from the global malaria vaccine research: Merozoite surface protein, characterization, trials, infant/children, traveler, and research/review. Twenty studies (n = 20) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Overall perceptions of malaria vaccines varied in African communities (26.2-88.2%), in addition to higher willingness to accept the vaccines (32.3%-96.0%), poor knowledge/awareness (11%-60%) and misconceptions (19.2%-20.9%). Other issues identified include vaccine availability and logistics. Conclusions Malaria vaccine research and citations have increased considerably, mainly targeting vaccine development and safety/efficacy in Africa. African communities’ perceptions of the vaccine varied, with most of the population willing to accept the vaccine. Key messages • An increase in number of malaria vaccine research targeting vaccine development, and safety and efficacy in Africa. • Varried malaria vaccine perception in Africa, including willingness to accept the vaccine, awareness, misconceptions, availability and logistics.

Public Perceptions and Engagement in mHealth Across Eight European Countries

Abstract Background Mobile health technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and patient engagement. This study explores public attitudes toward health app usage and data sharing across eight European countries, addressing a significant gap in understanding the public’s perspective on mHealth adoption. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 6,581 participants from Italy, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Spain, Poland, Romania, and Hungary. The survey assessed current health app usage, future interest, willingness to share health data, and concerns about data privacy and security. Results 21.87% of respondents currently use health apps, with 42.71% expressing interest in future use. Regarding data sharing, 52.82% are willing to share health data with healthcare providers, and 25.48% would share data with research institutions. However, 53.18% fear unauthorized use or hacking of their health data. Significant generational and geographical differences in mHealth engagement were observed, with older generations showing higher willingness to adopt health apps OR 1.22 (CI 1.03 - 1.46) for Baby Boomers, OR 1.45 (CI 0.97 - 2.16) for Silent Generation. Education level emerged as a crucial factor, with tertiary-educated individuals more likely to use health apps (OR 1.41 CI 1.24 - 1.58) and demand transparency (OR 1.61 CI 1.45 -1.78). Conclusions The findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance digital literacy, ensure data privacy, and promote equitable access to mHealth technologies across Europe. Policymakers and healthcare stakeholders should prioritize these areas to foster greater public trust and engagement in mHealth, ultimately improving health outcomes and patient care. Key messages • Public attitudes toward mHealth vary significantly across generations, countries, and education levels in Europe. • Addressing data privacy concerns and enhancing digital literacy are crucial for widespread mHealth adoption.

Valuing the Creator: The Impact of Author Compensation Cues on Perceived Price Fairness and Purchase Intentions

This study examines consumer perceptions of revenue distribution among authors, publishers, and retailers for physical and digital book formats, along with perceived price fairness and purchase intentions. Study1 reveals that consumers attribute higher revenue to authors and less to publishers for digital books (compared to physical ones). Higher attribution is associated with perceived outcome price fairness for digital books. However, physical books still command a higher willingness to pay and willingness to buy. Study 2 demonstrates that explicit cues about high author compensation significantly increase purchase likelihood and WTP for digital books but do not significantly affect perceived price fairness. Consumers with higher authorial remuneration concerns and those who perceive higher value in digital books are more influenced by these cues. These findings suggest that transparent communication about author compensation could effectively enhance purchase intentions for digital books, especially among digital reading enthusiasts.

07 Partnering with patients with living and lived experience of eating disorders to improve inpatient care on an acute paediatric medicine unit

Abstract Background Since the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals nationally are seeing a growing number of adolescent patients with eating disorders requiring acute medical stabilization, which is often a time of crisis in the trajectory of this ego-syntonic disorder. The complexity of these admissions often lead to safety events for patients and moral distress for clinicians. Medical admissions can also be an opportunity to engage youth and families. Patient partners are a pillar in healthcare quality improvement, but historically we have not engaged adolescent patient partners in improving acute eating disorder treatment. We gathered the experience of patients and families with living and lived experience of eating disorder treatment to improve their quality of care in an acute paediatric medicine unit. Objectives We aimed to describe the experience of patients and families with living and lived experience of eating disorder treatment, specifically acute medical stabilization, through a quality improvement patient engagement project. Design/Methods We used a mixed-methods design of semi-structured interviews and a focus group with adolescents with eating disorders and their caregivers in an acute medical unit at a tertiary paediatric hospital in British Columbia. We employed opportunity sampling by distributing recruitment flyers through patient experience councils, outpatient clinics, other non-acute units, and to all patients admitted with a medically unstable eating disorder at our hospital during the study period. The interviews consisted of open-ended questions, yes/no questions, and Likert scales related to four categories: admission process, inpatient experience, team communication, and discharge process. Two reviewers analyzed the qualitative data using thematic analysis, and the quantitative data was analyzed descriptively. Quality improvement projects are exempt from Research Ethics Board approval. However, we utilized the "A Project Ethics Community Consensus Initiative" (ARECCI) Ethics Guideline and Screening Tool and presented our proposal at the hospital's quality improvement and research oversight committees. Results We completed 8 interviews with patients with current living experience admitted to our acute medical unit. We also completed 1 interview with a patient with past lived experience and 1 focus group with patients and caregivers. Primary themes identified included uncertainty about their overall treatment journey and stress due to the sudden new expectations on the inpatient unit, such as activity restriction, meal plans by the hospital, and bathroom access after meal times. Patients identified the importance of relational care, inclusion in treatment planning, acknowledgement of the demanding nature of eating disorders, and individualized care. Due to variability in training, resource allocation, and gaps in communication, these patient-identified priorities are not always met. While 100% of participants stated they understood the reasons and goals for admission, participants averaged 3.7 on a 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest) Likert scale when asked to rate their satisfaction with the information they received. Five out of eight adolescents felt that there was consistency in communication within the team. Conclusion We demonstrate the complex needs of patients with eating disorders who require acute medical stabilization. Targeted knowledge mobilization initiatives through admission orientation documents and family-centered rounds could better meet those needs. We are currently developing an admission pamphlet and journal for patients admitted with a new eating disorder to our medical unit. Patient partners exhibited a high willingness to participate in our study and readily acknowledged the importance their contributions could hold for other patients.

Wearable Activity Trackers and Physical Activity Levels Among Members of the Athens Medical Association in Greece.

Wearable Activity Trackers (WATs) offer real-time feedback on activity levels. We assessed the impact of WAT usage on physicians' exercise habits. Physicians from the Athens Medical Association, Greece (n = 742) responded to a self-administered questionnaire evaluating usage of WAT, demographic characteristics, specialty, and physical exercise habits. WHO guidelines recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise in all healthy adults. Subjects were divided in Users of WATs (Group A), and Non-Users of WATs (Group B). This is an observational, cross-sectional study. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (age, sex, body mass index). WATs were used by 38%. Between Group A and B, there was difference in mean exercise training time (302 ± 304 min vs. 210 ± 268 min, p < 0.001), higher percentage of WHO goal achievement (66.3% vs. 50.7%, p < 0.001), and greater awareness of WHO Guidelines (59.9% vs. 47.4%, p < 0.001). WATs were mostly used by four main specialties, with higher use from Cardiologists: Cardiology (47%), Endocrinology (44%), Surgery (35%) and Internal Medicine (25%), with a p = 0.045. Finally, users of WATs compared to non-users showed higher willingness to reduce body weight (58.5% vs. 48%, p = 0.01), apply dietary restrictions (36.5% vs. 29.6%, p = 0.05), and greater motivation for weekly physical exercise (74.1% vs. 32.4%, p < 0.001); Conclusion: Physicians using WATs demonstrate increased exercise training time, greater awareness of WHO guidelines and a higher propensity to implement dietary restrictions compared to non-users. Variations in WAT usage across medical specialties emphasize the need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity and enhance healthcare professionals' health.

Субъективное отношение к школе родителей младших школьников

The article analyzes the attitude of parents of younger students to school, taking into account the main structural elements of the school (teachers, students, educational process, premises and equipment). 38 parents of 4th grade students of a secondary school in Nizhny Novgorod took part in the experiment. Of these, 20 are mothers and 18 are fathers. The age of the respondents is in the range of 29-45 years. The following methods were used in the study: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the research topic, a questionnaire for V.Ya. Yasvin's parents, methods of quantitative and qualitative processing and presentation of results, generalization, the Mann-Whitney method. This study is a pilot study. Qualitative characteristics of parents' attitude to school were revealed. The attitude of parents towards school is more emotional in nature. Parents demonstrate a high emotional charge towards teachers and the educational process. Also, the attitude of parents towards school is heterogeneous and contradictory. Different structural components of the school have different significance for parents. The same component can be evaluated in different ways. Parents express their high willingness to help teachers. At the same time, information about the teacher is not important to them, help to the teacher is often expressed formally. It is important for parents to be informed about the education and upbringing of children. Parents show a good willingness to participate in the creation of comfortable, well-equipped school premises. The maximum interest is associated with the students. It is important for them to have complete and quick information on the success and difficulties of children in learning.

Factors influencing nursing students' willingness to volunteer during wartime emergencies: A cross sectional study in Israel

BackgroundDuring wartime emergencies, the Ministry of Health in Israel faces workforce shortages, prompting consideration of nursing students as auxiliary support. Understanding the factors influencing nursing students' willingness to volunteer, is essential for effective crisis preparedness. AimThe research seeks to identify how self-efficacy, positive attitudes, institutional support, knowledge, age, gender, prior experience, and familial obligations impact nursing students' readiness to volunteer during mass casualty events in wartime. DesignThis study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional research approach. SettingsNursing schools in Israel. ParticipantsA convenience sample of 300 nursing students who had commenced their studies for at least one month. The study targeted nursing students across Israel, regardless of their specific school affiliation. Recruitment was conducted through various channels, including face-to-face recruitment, emails, and synchronous chat groups. MethodsData were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and adapted from existing literature. Statistical analyses, included t-tests, Pearson correlation, and linear rand logistic regressions. ResultsThe study found high levels of intent (M = 3.33, SD = 0.83), perceived self-efficacy (M = 3.25, SD = 0.54), and positive attitudes towards volunteering during wartime (M = 3.57, SD = 0.54) among nursing students towards volunteering during wartime. Significant correlations were observed between students' willingness to volunteer during wartime and factors such as positive attitudes to volunteer during wartime (r = 0.543, p < 0.01), perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.313, p < 0.01), institutional support (r = 0.313, p < 0.01), knowledge (r = 0.138, p < 0.05), age (r = 0.179, p < 0.01), and previous volunteering experience (r = 0.158, p < 0.01). Regression analyses indicated that positive attitudes towards wartime volunteering, perceived self-efficacy, institutional support, and prior volunteering were significant predictors of the intention to volunteer. ConclusionsNursing students in Israel demonstrate a high willingness to volunteer during wartime, influenced by factors such as perceived self-efficacy, positive attitudes towards volunteering, and institutional support. While these findings suggest potential areas for enhancing volunteerism, further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of targeted training and support interventions. Nonetheless, fostering these key factors could strengthen the healthcare system's capacity to respond to wartime emergencies.

Firms financial strength during crisis periods: does “familiness” matter?

PurposeIn this paper we propose to study the differences among family and non-family-firms in relation to its financial strength, and therefore its potential position to resist in front of financial crisis and receive financial support or conditions by public or private institutions.Design/methodology/approachWe used multiple hierarchical regressions on a sample of 137 Spanish medium-sized firms (SMEs).FindingsWe observe that the perspectives and idiosyncratic characteristics of family-firms (strongly influenced by their socioemotional wealth) will affect the way these companies invest and operate in the market, which would be more related to efficiency because of their higher willingness to continue the legacy of the business and their weak risk-bearing attributes.Research limitations/implicationsOur study adopts a measure of familiness with a dummy variable, and not as a continuous variable as proposed by recent research. Therefore, our results although relevant and significant for the family firm literature, must be viewed carefully. Additional research could also retest some prior studies to depict differences caused by “real” family firm involvement.Practical implicationsUnder a non-munificent environment, the financial strength maintained by firms will be highly relevant since this context could likely stress and influence their immediate future and viability, overcoming and blurring any other characteristic present in the firm or its managers.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the family firm literature by offering insights into the nuanced dynamics between family and non-family firms during economic downturns, specifically examining their financial strength when different strategic options are pursued and when firms are managed by different type of managers.

A study on user willingness to participate in an adverse drug event information sharing system

BackgroundTo prevent the recurrence of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs), particularly drug allergies, it is essential to avoid re-exposure to causative drugs. Awareness of previous ADEs is crucial for patients because they can share accurate information with healthcare providers (HCPs). This study aims to assess users’ willingness to share ADE information and evaluate the factors related to this willingness by utilizing a prospective ADE information-sharing system currently under consideration in South Korea.MethodsIn September 2023, a self-administered questionnaire was collected from a sex-, age-, and regionally stratified nationwide convenience sample of adults recruited through a commercial panel in South Korea. Factors contributing to the willingness to share ADE information and create electronic ADE cards (e-ADE cards) were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 1,000 respondents, 458 (45.8%) were willing to share ADE information, and 521 (52.1%) were willing to create e-ADE cards. The willingness to share personal ADE information and create e-ADE cards was positively associated with the perceived benefits of sharing ADE, trust in HCPs and positive experiences. Notably, older adult patients demonstrated a higher willingness to share information and use e-ADE cards, with rates of 56% and 62%, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the approach to sharing personal ADE information should be distinct from that of sharing comprehensive health information. Notably, users are likely to willingly disclose their personal information even if they are not anonymized, owing to the significant perceived benefits of sharing. The findings of this study can enhance awareness about sharing personal ADE information and contribute to the successful establishment of an ADE information-sharing system, thereby improving the patient safety environment.

The Essentials: Upskilling a National Health Workforce in the Identification and Treatment of Eating Disorders.

Health practitioners report limited skills and lack of confidence in managing and treating people with eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national rollout of comprehensive basic training in identification, assessment, treatment, and management of people with eating disorders to clinicians. The Essentials: Training Clinicians in Eating Disorders is a core competency eLearning program. As part of a nation-wide multidisciplinary workforce training strategy, 7500 course places were provided free of charge to public and private health care professionals across all jurisdictions of Australia between January 2020 and March 2022. A total of 7370 health professionals enrolled during the study period. All learning outcomes showed improvement with large effect (Cohen's d = 1.2-2), with the largest improvements for self-reported knowledge of requirements for working with children and adolescents. Effects did not depend on years of working with eating disorders suggesting that the training was beneficial across levels of experience. Those who started with very low knowledge of eating disorders or higher willingness to treat eating disorders were most likely to complete the course. Most participants reported that the course was relevant to their clinical practice, that they expected their clinical practices to change, and that they would recommend the course to other health professionals. The strategy to provide government-funded core competency training in eating disorder care to healthcare professionals met key objectives by reaching health professionals eligible to provide government-rebated services in public and private settings across all jurisdictions including regional and remote areas.