Higher Well-being Scores Research Articles

Health enhancing behaviors in early adolescence: an investigation of nutrition, sleep, physical activity, mindfulness and social connectedness and their association with psychological distress and wellbeing.

Nutrition, sleep and physical activity are termed the "big three" health enhancing behaviors (HEB) associated with psychological distress and wellbeing. This study sought to understand differential associations between an expanded group of HEB (nutrition, sleep, physical activity, mindfulness, social connectedness) and psychological distress/wellbeing in early adolescents. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted in N=103 (51% females) adolescents (12.6 ± 0.3 years of age) recruited from the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study. Higher scores on sleep, social connectedness and mindfulness scales were significantly associated with lower psychological distress scores. While higher scores on social connectedness and mindfulness scales were significantly associated with higher wellbeing scores. When adjusting for sex, nutrition, sleep, social connectedness and mindfulness accounted for a significant proportion of variance in the psychological distress model whereas physical activity and social connectedness accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in the wellbeing model. Overall findings make a strong case for expansion of the "big three" HEB to include mindfulness and social connectedness, especially given social connectedness emerged as the strongest predictor of both psychological distress and wellbeing. In addition, this research suggests that early adolescent nutrition, sleep quality, and mindfulness should be prioritized in efforts to reduce risk of difficulties, and physical activity prioritized as a protective factor for wellbeing in this population. Findings have implications for interventions, emphasizing the importance of addressing HEB factors comprehensively and tailoring strategies to the unique needs of early adolescents to foster positive mental health outcomes.

Psychosocial Self-efficacy and its Association with Selected Potential Factors Among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

The management of type 1 diabetes, a non-preventable chronic disease, leads to a high physical and psychological burden on the individual. Digital health technology can improve a person's psychosocial self-efficacy and thereby contribute to improved diabetes self-care. The aim of this study was to explore associations between psychosocial self-efficacy and demographic-, disease specific-, well-being as well as digital health technology (DHT) related factors among adults with type 1 diabetes. A primarily web-based cross sectional survey was conducted among adults with type 1 diabetes in Sweden (n = 301). Psychosocial self-efficacy was assessed using the Swedish version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale, Swe-DES-23. The survey also contained questions related to demographic-, disease specific-, well-being as well as digital health technology related variables. Higher well-being scores and lower HbA1c levels were associated with higher psychosocial self-efficacy in multiple linear regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, gender, body mass index, well-being scores, and HbA1c levels showed association with psychosocial self-efficacy. None of the DHT factors were found associated with psychosocial self-efficacy. In this study, higher well-being score and lower self-reported HbA1c levels were associated with higher psychosocial self-efficacy in both univariate- and multivariate analysis and accounted for 30% of the variation in psychosocial self-efficacy in the regression model. Thus, measures to improve psychosocial self-efficacy in adults with type 1 diabetes may help maintain their psychological well-being and blood glucose control.

Profiles of well-being in French older adults and associations with successful aging and personality: findings from the SHARE project

Maintaining the well-being of the older adults is a primary concern in gerontology. This study determined different profiles of well-being (WB) and compared the profiles in terms of successful aging (SA), personality, and sociodemographic variables. The study sample consisted of 856 adults aged 65–98 years. WB was taken into account in an eudemonic and hedonic approach. SA was measured by assessing the three distinct components of Rowe and Kahn's model (Successful aging. Gerontol 37(4):433–440. 10.1093/geront/37.4.433, 1997), personality by the Big Five Inventory, and sociodemographic variables. Latent class analyses (LCA) determined the number of WB profiles, and ANOVAs and Chi2 tests to compare them. The LCA revealed three WB profiles: Profile 1 (9.35%, n = 80), Profile 2 (37.38%, n = 320), and Profile 3 (53.27%, n = 456) in which participants reported lower, intermediate, and higher WB scores. Our results confirm that a high level of WB (Profile 3) can be linked to the components of SA and socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, level of education, income). This raises questions about the injunctions concerning healthy aging that older people integrate. It's also interesting to note that the intermediate profile (profile 2) can be either close to the "lower WB" profile (Profile 1) in terms of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness or to the "higher WB" profile (Profile 3) in terms of extraversion. However the three profiles do not have the same level of neuroticism. These results also showed the importance of adapting the support offered to older people according to their health status and/or individual characteristics.

Trends in emotional wellbeing during COVID-19 by ethnicity, age and gender: evidence from a higher education staff survey

This paper provides evidence of the trends in the emotional wellbeing of university staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on differences according to age, gender and ethnicity. From June 2020 to July 2021 a survey was circulated to University College London staff, capturing information on self-described demographic indicators (age, gender, and ethnicity), satisfaction with academic life, and mental and emotional wellbeing. Results show a moderate level of emotional wellbeing overall, with scores increasing after lockdowns were lifted. Some significant heterogeneity within the demographic variables demonstrates the need for disaggregating the categories within Black and Minority Ethnic individuals. Black Caribbean and Black African staff reported higher levels of emotional wellbeing (respectively, 0.60 and 0.81 higher wellbeing scores, on average) while staff who identified as Arab or “other” reported lower levels (on average −1.0 and −0.65) than staff who identified as White. There was a sharp increase in emotional wellbeing for Arab staff and a slight increase in Asian and “other” ethnic staff. Findings from this research provide evidence into the trends in emotional wellbeing of faculty and staff in a United Kingdom university context, contributing to the literature focusing on higher education during the pandemic period. We also flag the importance of disaggregating Black and Minority Ethnic categorization to describe and better understand the diverse impact on emotional wellbeing within different ethnic groups, which has rarely been explored in the literature assessing university staff wellbeing.

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Personal Well-Being and Related Factors in Pregnant Women Living in a District of Istanbul.

In this study, we examined breastfeeding self-efficacy levels, well-being and sociodemographic factors in pregnant women. The population of this descriptive study consisted of women with a pregnancy of 27 weeks or more in the Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, Türkiye. A questionnaire was administered via telephone calls to pregnant women aged 18 years and older. The first part of the questionnaire included questions regarding breastfeeding history and sociodemographic information. The second part included the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and the last part included the Personal Well-Being Scale. Higher scale scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy and well-being. In total, 385 women participated in the study. The median age of the pregnant women was 28.0 years (18.0-43.0). The median gestational week was 33.0 (27.0-42.0). Among women who had received breastfeeding counseling, those with a higher level of knowledge about breastfeeding had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Women with better economic status also had higher well-being scores (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between well-being and breastfeeding self-efficacy approaching the statistical significance level (p = 0.052). It is important to consider factors that may be associated with women's well-being and self-efficacy.

Factors affecting residents’ internal motivation, grit, and well-being

BackgroundResidents completing competency-based medical education for postgraduate training face many challenging situations that may compromise their well-being or result in exhaustion or burnout. Factors described in self-determination theory and grit are important for residents’ achievement of learning outcomes and well-being. This study explored the relationships among internal motivation, grit, well-being, and related factors among non-Western Asian residents.MethodsWe conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods survey-based study to explore correlations among satisfaction with basic psychological needs, grit, and well-being from September to November 2021 among residents at Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. Data were collected with the Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Short Grit Scale, and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Next, participants with the highest and lowest scores for each scale were purposively invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interview data underwent thematic analysis and data collection continued until saturation was reached.ResultsIn total, 245 residents (51% major ward, 65% female) completed the survey. There were strong associations between internal motivation, grit, and well-being (r = 0.46–0.90). Female residents had higher autonomy and relatedness scores than males (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively), and residents with less family responsibility had higher relatedness scores than other residents (p = 0.01). Residents who got more sleep had higher autonomy, relatedness, and well-being scores than those that slept less (p < 0.05). Residents who exercised > 5 times/week had higher well-being scores than other residents (p < 0.01). Thirty residents completed interviews. The thematic analysis revealed internal motivation, grit, and well-being were promoted by a supportive learning environment, a well-designed curriculum, actions and personalities of faculty members, and good personal factors.ConclusionInternal motivation is significantly correlated with residents’ grit, well-being, gender, family burdens, exercise, and sleep hours. Priority should be given to promoting internal motivation, grit, and well-being among residents by enhancing a positive learning environment, creating well-designed curricula, fostering good characteristics and actions among faculty members, and supporting residents’ personal lives.

Maternal breastfeeding is associated with offspring microbiome diversity; a secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom randomized control trial.

Microbial dysbiosis in infancy can influence long-term health outcomes such as childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to explore relationships among maternal well-being during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the infant gut microbiome. This is a secondary analysis of healthy pregnant women from the MicrobeMom study, a double-blind randomized control trial of maternal probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium breve 702258) versus placebo antenatally and up to 3 months postpartum. Maternal well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 well-being index at 16 weeks' and 34 weeks' gestation. Breastfeeding practices were recorded at discharge from hospital and at 1 month postpartum. Infant stool samples were obtained at 1 month of age. Next generation shotgun sequencing determined infant microbial diversity. Independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests informed adjusted regression analysis, which was adjusted for delivery mode, antibiotics during delivery, maternal age and body mass index (BMI), and probiotic vs. control study group. Women (n = 118) with at least one measure of well-being were on average 33 years (SD 3.93) of age and 25.09 kg/m2 (SD 3.28) BMI. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated by 65% (n = 74). Any breastfeeding was continued by 69% (n = 81) after 1 month. In early and late pregnancy, 87% (n = 97/111) and 94% (n = 107/114) had high well-being scores. Well-being was not associated with infant microbial diversity at 1 month. In adjusted analysis, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from hospital was associated with infant microbial beta diversity (PC2; 0.254, 95% CI 0.006, 0.038). At 1 month postpartum, any breastfeeding was associated with infant microbial alpha diversity (Shannon index; -0.241, 95% CI -0.498, -0.060) and observed species; (-0.325, 95% CI -0.307, -0.060), and infant microbial beta diversity (PC2; 0.319, 95% CI 0.013, 0.045). Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum was associated with infant alpha diversity (Shannon index -0.364, 95% CI -0.573, -0.194; Simpson index 0.339, 95% CI 0.027, 0.091), and infant's number of observed microbial species (-0.271, 95% CI -0.172, -0.037). Breastfeeding practices at 1 month postpartum were associated with lower microbial diversity and observed species in infants at 1 month postpartum, which is potentially beneficial to allow greater abundance of Bifidobacterium. ISRCTN53023014.

Maternal Well-Being in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Practices: Findings from the ROLO Study.

Low mood is common during the perinatal period, which may negatively impact breastfeeding practices. Exploring predictors of successful breastfeeding is a health priority area. This study investigated if maternal well-being during pregnancy is associated with breastfeeding practices. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial of a low glycemic index diet in pregnancy. A total of 610 secundigravida women were recruited in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Data on maternal education attainment, early pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and age were collected from hospital records. Well-being was self-reported by mothers between 10 and 28 weeks' gestation using the World Health Organization 5-Item well-being index. Scores were transformed to give percentage well-being. Mothers recorded breastfeeding practices at hospital discharge and at the study follow-up appointments. Chi-squares and independent t-tests determined initial differences in breastfeeding practices. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders. Average maternal age was 32.7 years; average BMI was 26.6 kg/m2, and 56% had achieved third-level education. The average well-being score was 58.2%. In unadjusted analysis, high well-being scores were associated with exclusive breastfeeding (56.2% breastfed vs. 46%, breastfed p < 0.03). After adjusted analysis, these associations were no longer significant (odds ratio: 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.01). No other associations were found. Our findings indicated 25% of pregnant women in the first trimester reported low well-being scores. Associations between maternal well-being and breastfeeding patterns were explained by maternal age and education level, suggesting low mood may not be a barrier to breastfeeding initiation or duration. This trial is registered at: https://www.isrctn.com/ ISRCTN54392969. · Well-being during pregnancy is often diminished and the WHO 5-Item well-being index is a useful measure in clinical settings to assess maternal well-being.. · Breastfeeding is a high-priority research area, particularly in an Irish setting.. · Well-being was not related to breastfeeding, however age, BMI and education were the main predictors of low well-being during pregnancy..

Dance movement therapy, yoga, and older adults with Parkinson’s disease: balance confidence, anxieties, and wellbeing

There is evidence that older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) benefit from dance movement therapy (DMT) and mind-body techniques such as yoga. DMT and yoga (Y) are often seen as complementary strategies in promoting wellness as they focus on embodied self-awareness. This article reports a study comparing the effectiveness of DMT sessions vis-à-vis DMT + Y sessions on balance confidence, geriatric anxieties, and wellbeing of older adults with PD. Both the groups reported significant post-test improvements in balance confidence. The DMT + Y group also reported significantly lower geriatric anxieties and higher wellbeing scores. Balance confidence greatly improved in older women and those who regularly attended and completed the DMT homework. DMT + Y sessions were more effective for older women, currently married, participants living with their spouse or with spouse and adult children, and whose DMT + Y program compliance (attendance, homework completion) was higher.

Estimating quality of life: A spatial microsimulation model of well-being in Aotearoa New Zealand

Quality of life is a complex concept characterised by several dualities, it has many definitions depending on the field of research and an abundance of diverse objective and subjective measures. The latter often represents the extent of perceived (dis)satisfaction with various domains of life experienced by individuals or groups, and research is increasingly focusing on subjective measures of well-being to better understand personal drivers related to quality of life. A better understanding of these factors at a local level has potential to shed light on an often-overlooked aspect of the mental health landscape in Aotearoa New Zealand. Individual-level data on adults (15+ years) is sourced from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study 2018 (N = 47,949) and aggregate-level data from the Census 2018 (N = 3,775,854). Matching constraint variables include sex, age, ethnicity, highest qualification, and labour force status. Outcome variables include personal and national well-being scores from 0 to 10 (extremely dissatisfied–extremely satisfied). Spatial microsimulation is used to create a synthetic population based on the above data. Results show lower mean national well-being scores than personal well-being scores, with spatial variations that broadly reflect patterns of socioeconomic deprivation. Low mean values for both personal and national well-being scores are seen in rural areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, particularly those with large Māori populations. High mean values are associated with areas of low deprivation. Additionally, high national well-being scores are associated with areas of agricultural activity, particularly in the South Island. Consideration should be given to factors that influence responses in such topics however, including demographic profiles as well as economic and social conditions of individuals and their surrounding communities. This study demonstrates that spatial microsimulation can be used as a powerful tool to understand population well-being. It can help support future planning and resource allocation, aiding in achieving health equity.

Comparing The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress and Well-Being in College Students: A Study of Meditators Vs. Non-Meditators

This study aimed to compare the effects of mindfulness meditation on stress and well-being in college students. A total of 50 participants were recruited, with 25 self-identified as meditators and 25 as non-meditators. All participants completed self-report measures of stress, well-being, mood, resilience, self-compassion, and academic performance. The results showed that the meditator group had significantly lower levels of stress, higher well-being scores, better mood, greater resilience, and higher levels of self-compassion compared to the non-meditator group. In terms of academic performance, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The study findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may be an effective tool for reducing stress and improving well-being among college students. However, further research is needed to explore the barriers to practicing mindfulness meditation and to determine the optimal frequency and duration of practice to achieve significant benefits.

Visiting Urban Green Space and Orientation to Nature Is Associated with Better Wellbeing during COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely challenged mental health and wellbeing. However, research has consistently reinforced the value of spending time in green space for better health and wellbeing outcomes. Factors such as an individual's nature orientation, used to describe one's affinity to nature, may influence an individual's green space visitation behaviour, and thus influence the wellbeing benefits gained. An online survey in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia (n = 2084), deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2021), explores if nature experiences and nature orientation are positively associated with personal wellbeing and if increased amounts of nature experiences are associated with improvement in wellbeing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that both yard and public green space visitation, as well as nature orientation scores, were correlated with high personal wellbeing scores, and individuals who spent more time in green space compared to the previous year also experienced a positive change in their health and wellbeing. Consistently, people with stronger nature orientations are also more likely to experience positive change. We also found that age was positively correlated to a perceived improvement in wellbeing over the year, and income was negatively correlated with a decreased change in wellbeing over the year, supporting other COVID-19 research that has shown that the effects of COVID-19 lifestyle changes were structurally unequal, with financially more established individuals experiencing better wellbeing. Such results highlight that spending time in nature and having high nature orientation are important for gaining those important health and wellbeing benefits and may provide a buffer for wellbeing during stressful periods of life that go beyond sociodemographic factors.

The role of regular engagement with non-companion animals and proximity to green and blue space for mental health, wellbeing, and loneliness during Covid-19 social-distancing measures: findings from a UK survey study

Context The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased use of green/blue space as indoor spaces became frequently inaccessible. These changes affected the direct interactions between humans and nature. Aims To investigate the links between mental health, loneliness, wellbeing, and interaction with non-companion animals, proximity to and use of green/blue space. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of adult UK residents was conducted between April and June 2020. The questionnaire included validated and bespoke items measuring demographics and exposures and outcomes related to mental health, wellbeing, loneliness, human–animal interactions with non-companion animals (wildlife/farm animals), and proximity to and use of green/blue space before and since the first UK Covid-19 lockdown. Key results Of 5926 participants, 4408 (74.4%) reported interacting with non-companion animals at least every other day. Frequent engagement with non-companion animals was significantly associated with smaller decreases in mental health scores (b = 0.131, 95% CI [0.007–0.256], P = 0.038) and smaller increases in loneliness scores (b = −0.135, 95% CI [−0.241–0.030], P = 0.012). Just under half (48.4%, n = 2867) reported living directly next to a green/blue space, and over half (52.3%; n = 3097) reported using such space at least every day since lockdown. Regular use of green/blue space since lockdown was significantly associated with higher mental health (b = 0.154, 95% CI [0.037–0.272], P = 0.010), lower loneliness (b = −0.334, 95% CI [−0.430 – −0.238], P = 0.001), and higher wellbeing (b = 0.810, 95% CI [0.572–1.047], P = 0.001). Closer proximity to such space was significantly associated with lower loneliness scores (b = −0.224, 95% CI [−0.319 – −0.130], P = 0.001), and higher wellbeing scores (b = 0.632, 95% CI [0.391–0.873], P = 0.001). Conclusion The multi-faceted human–nature relationship may promote key human health benefits in the context of the lockdown. Implications These findings have highlighted the importance of green/blue space and the human–animal relationship, and how they might play a critical role in maintaining people’s mental health within a pandemic context. Further targeted investigations relating to these areas and links with human health are important within both pandemic and non-pandemic contexts.

Digital health literacy and well-being among university students: Mediating roles of fear of COVID-19, information satisfaction, and internet information search.

Digital health literacy (DHL) enables healthy decisions, improves protective behaviors and adherence to COVID-19 measures, especially during the era of the "infodemic", and enhances psychological well-being. We aimed to explore the mediating roles of fear of COVID-19, information satisfaction, and the importance of online information searching on the association between DHL and well-being. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 1631 Taiwanese university students, aged 18 years and above, from June 2021 to March 2022. The collected data include sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, social status, and financial satisfaction), the importance of online information searching, information satisfaction, fear of COVID-19, DHL, and well-being. A linear regression model was utilized to investigate factors associated with well-being, followed by a pathway analysis to assess the direct and indirect relationship between DHL and well-being. The scores of DHL and overall well-being were 3.1 ± 0.4 and 74.4 ± 19.7, respectively. Social status (B = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-3.07, p < 0.001), DHL (B 0.29, 95% CI 0.10-0.49, p < 0.001), importance of online information searching (B = 0.78, 95% CI 0.38-1.17, p < 0.001), and information satisfaction (B = 3.59, 95% CI 2.22-4.94, p < 0.001) were positively associated with well-being, whereas higher fear of COVID-19 scores (B = -0.38, 95% CI -0.55-(-0.21), p < 0.001) and female (B = -2.99, 95% CI -5.02-0.6, p = 0.004) were associated with lower well-being, when compared with lower fear scores and male, respectively. Fear of COVID-19 (B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.016-0.04, p < 0.001), importance of online information searching (B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.05, p = 0.005), and information satisfaction (B = 0.05, 95% CI 0.023-0.067, p < 0.001) were significantly mediated the relationship between DHL and well-being. Higher DHL scores show direct and indirect associations with higher well-being scores. Fear, importance of online information searching, and information satisfaction significantly contributed to the association.

Forgiveness and mental Well-being: a transnational comparison

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate forgiveness and mental well-being amongst Forgiveness and mental well-being were investigated amongst British European and Nigerian African samples to compare and determine the similarities and differences in dispositional forgiveness levels between the two populations conducted in terms of their general samples, gender and age and the difference in mental well-being scores between the two samples. Finally, the relationship between forgiveness and mental well-being in both groups was examined. Design/methodology/approach The Bolton Forgiveness Scale and the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale were administered to the participants (Nigerian n = 1,164, British n = 855). SPSS was used to analyse data; a series of t-test was conducted; and Eta-squared and Z-value were calculated to determine the magnitude of each significant difference among variables and the magnitude of the difference in the correlation coefficient among variables, respectively. Findings Statistically significant results suggested significant differences in the way and manner dispositional forgiveness is conceptualised and practised within one group relative to the other, whereas non-significant results indicated similarities in forgiveness opinions and practises between the two groups. Overall British sample, men and those aged 36–55 reported higher levels of forgiveness than their Nigerian counterparts. However, Nigerians under the age of 35 reported higher levels of forgiveness than their British counterparts, and there was no statistically significant difference between the forgiveness levels of British and Nigerian women. Furthermore, the British total sample, men and women, all had higher well-being scores than their Nigerian counterparts. Research limitations/implications Forgiveness varies according to culture. The findings of this study suggest that the individualistic/collectivistic cultural arguments long held by some authors may not adequately explain the differences and similarities in forgiveness conceptualization and practise across cultures. As a result, research may focus on a variety of factors such as educational background, income, socioeconomic level and religion, among others. Second, consistent with previous studies, this research suggests that forgiveness is positively related to mental health and well-being. Finally, one of the limitations of this study is its exclusive focus on two countries, namely, the UK and Nigeria. Future research could include more countries with both individualistic and collectivistic societies. Originality/value This paper, which is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first to examine forgiveness and mental well-being in a comparative perspective between British European and Nigerian African samples, has made a unique contribution to the forgiveness and mental well-being literature and in particular, has provided a solid foundation and resources for future research of a similar nature in Africa, where little or no research had been conducted previously.

Design of Smart Head–Mounted Display Technology: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to characterize functional impairments and human factor considerations that affect perceptions and preferences for head-mounted display (HMD) technology for adults with low vision and chronic eye disease. Methods: Through a convergent mixed-methods design, participants with visual impairments (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinitis pigmentosa) were recruited. Participants completed the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire, used commercially available HMDs (eSight, NuEyes, and Epson Moverio), and were interviewed. The IVI was used to identify groups with low, moderate, and high vision–related quality of life (VRQOL). Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. The survey and qualitative findings were integrated using mixed-methods joint display analysis. Results: Twenty-one participants were enrolled (mean age of 58.2 years, 57% male, median Snellen acuity of 20/40 [range: 20/20–hand movement]). An equal number ( n = 9) expressed a preference for eSight and NuEyes, while ( n = 3) preferred the Moverio. Participants emphasized ease of use, including HMD controls and screen, as common reasons for preference. Those with lower IVI well-being scores preferred eSight due to vision improvement. Those with moderate IVI well-being scores preferred NuEyes due to comfort and size. Those with high IVI well-being scores cited usability as the most important feature. Discussion: User preferences for HMD features were associated with VRQOL. A mixed-methods approach explained how varying degrees of visual impairment and HMD preferences were qualitatively related to usability at the individual level. Implications for Practitioners: To increase acceptance, new HMD development for low vision should focus on performance, usability, and human factors engineering. Although HMD technology can benefit individuals with low vision, device features and functions vary in meaningful ways based on vision parameters. Practitioners should be aware of how patient and device variations influence preferences when they recommend wearable systems and optimize training to harness these systems.

Spiritual Well-being, Self-efficacy, and Student Engagement of Muslim Juveniles during an Educational Program in Prison

The juvenile prison system in Indonesia has an educational program that aims to give the inmates rights as human beings. The juveniles are registered as students and follow various school levels such as junior high school, senior high school, and Pendidikan Kesetaraan (Paket A, Paket B, Paket C). During the educational program, they face some problematic issues and challenges. Therefore, the students need other aspects to strengthen their engagement during learning. Spiritual well-being and self-efficacy are assumed to affect and enhance engagement. Therefore, this study focuses on examining these variables. The data collection occurred on 6 January 2022. The sampling method used was a total sampling of Muslim juveniles in the Central Lombok Juvenile Prison. Respondents in this study amounted to 37 juveniles. The inclusion criteria include adolescents aged 12–18 years old who have committed various crimes, are serving time in juvenile prison, are Muslim, and follow the educational program in prison. Results are divided into two main objectives. First, students’ engagement level in attending education in prisons is high. Second, spiritual well-being and self-efficacy affect the level of student engagement. Those who have high spiritual well-being and self-efficacy scores have flourishing engagement. The findings of this study will impact various elements, such as the Directorate General of Corrections in the regulation of juvenile education, as well as teachers and educational staff in organizing schools for adolescents within the criminal justice system.

Outdoor Activity Associated with Higher Self-Reported Emotional Well-Being During COVID-19

Shifts in activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted the benefits of outdoor activities for mental health. By leveraging an existing mobile application, we collected self-reported data on daily outdoor activities, emotional well-being, and the influence of COVID-19 on participant’s outdoor activity levels during April–July 2020. Individuals reporting outdoor activities, in greenspaces or in their residence, had higher well-being scores and this effect increased with age. Self-reported impacts of COVID-19 on emotional well-being were associated with lower well-being scores. This work suggests that outdoor activities may have improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10393-022-01598-4.

The Effectiveness of Psychoeducation to Improve the Well-being of Parents Having Children with Autism During the Pandemic

This study aimed to determine the role of group-based parenting support training with the psychoeducational method in improving the well-being of parents having children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during the pandemic. The participants were 10 parents divided into the psychoeducational group and 12 parents in the control group in one State Special School for Autism in Medan. The instrument used a scale based on seven aspects of subjective well-being, as expressed by White (2010). Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was no difference in the well-being score between the psychoeducational and control group (F (1,20) = 0.445, t = -0.446, p &gt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the control group had higher well-being score in the post-test (n = 12, M = 103.17, SD = 16.596) than the psychoeducational group (n = 10, M = 100.20, SD = 14.148).

Stay-at-Home: The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Household Functioning and ART Adherence for People Living with HIV in Three Sub-districts of Cape Town, South Africa.

In March 2020, the South African government imposed a lockdown to control COVID-19 transmission. Lockdown may affect people living with HIV’s (PLWH) antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Data from a cluster randomised control trial was collected from 152 PLWH in Cape Town sub-districts from October 2019–March 2020 when the lockdown halted collection. Subsequently, 83 PLWH were followed-up in June–July 2020. Random effects models were used to analyse: (1) changes between baseline and follow-up and (2) correlates of adherence during lockdown. At follow-up, there was an increase in the odds of being below the poverty line and the odds of experiencing violence decreased. Measures for well-being, household functioning, stigma and HIV competency improved. Violence, depression, food insecurity, and stigma were associated with poorer ART adherence; higher well-being scores were associated with better adherence. During lockdown, governments need to ensure financial support, access to (mental) health services, and services for those experiencing violence.Clinical Trial Number: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201906476052236. Registered on 24 June 2019.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10461-021-03541-0.