Higher Systolic Pressure Values Research Articles

Cardiorespiratory disorders in abdominal obesity in workers of coal mining enterprises in the south of Kuzbass

Introduction. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their close connection with obesity, especially abdominal, makes the question of the relationship of these disorders with the respiratory system highly relevant to the coal industry. Their working conditions are closely related to the harmful effects on production factors. The study aimed to study the main cardiorespiratory parameters in coal industry workers with abdominal obesity. Materials and methods. We explored 369 men, including 225 employees of coal mines and 114 workers of open-pit coal mining enterprises in the South of Kuzbass, aged from 40 to 55 years (the average age of miners - 46.2±0.36 years, workers of open-pit mines - 46.7±0.36 years, p=0.344). Scientists conducted a study of external respiration function on an analyzer of the pneumotachometric type "Spiro-Spectrum." We used the ultrasound system "Vivid E9", manufactured by General Electric, to define echocardiographic parameters. Results. The percentage of abdominal obesity among the coal mining industry employees in the south of Kuzbass was relatively high (more than 50%). At the same time, we detected arterial hypertension much more often. Scientists have found that the average values of the lungs' vital capacity and the volume of forced exhalation for the first second have decreased in both groups in the presence of abdominal obesity. Moreover, we found a pronounced deviation among the miners. Researchers associate the values of the leading echocardiographic indicators with the presence of visceral obesity. We identified high values of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery and characteristic signs of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in the examined patients. The researchers also identified the most pronounced indices of right and left atrial volumes in miners. In underground workers, the data of correlation analysis indirectly indicate that an increase in waist circumference is not the main factor affecting the reduction in their left ventricular longitudinal deformation. But we can't say this for onshore coal mining workers, who have a moderate connection. Conclusions. Abdominal obesity harms the respiratory system of coal industry workers, more pronounced in miners. Visceral obesity is significantly associated with dysfunction of the right and left parts of the heart, both in miners and in coal mine workers.

Features of cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow in patients with pulmonary hypertension of different etiology

Aim: to evaluate features of the functional state of microvascular bed of the skin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated to congenital cardiac disease (PAH-CCD) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods. In study included 25 patients (41.6±15.8) with PAH-CCD, 25 patients (48.8±14.2) with CTEPH and 25 healthy volunteers (39.3±10.1 years). All the patients underwent a six-minute walking test (6-MWT), transthoracic echocardiography, thorax organs radiography, right heart catheterization (RHC) and Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis of blood flow oscillations and evaluation of constrictory and dilatatoryskin resistive microvesselsfunctions. Results. In the PAH-CCD in relation to the CTEPH groupaccording to the RHC were noted significantly higher values of systolic pressure in pulmonary artery (93.2 and 77.8 mm Hg respectively) and venous mixted blood saturation(63 and 57% Hg respectively). On this background 6- MWT distance was 356 and 325 m, the Borg dyspnea scale index was on average 3.12 and 3.76 respectively. According to the LDF pulseoximetry PAH-CCD and CTEPH patients had 90.1 and 94.7% respectively. According to the LDF with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis the PAH-CCD patients had sig-nificantly higher values of the amplitude of myogenic, respiratory and pulse sectionof blood flow modulation, and also increased constrictory activity smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in response to the stretching at venous occlusion and decreased dilatatory reserve at post-occlusi-ve reactive hyperemia. According to the LDF the CTEPH patients had elongationof time development of microvessel constriction in response to acti-vation of sympathetic nervous systemin respiratory and cold tests. Conclusion. According to the LDF functional state of skin microvessels in systemic circulation of the CTEPH patients was comparable with control groupexcept for elongation of time development of microvessel reactions for sympathetic vasoconstrictor stimulations. The PAH-CCD patients demonstrated basal tonus decreasing of smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in systemic circulation, which can be regarded as a manifestation of autoregulatory response to systemic hypoxia.

Особенности микроциркуляторного кровотока в коже у больных легочной гипертензией разной этиологии

Aim: to evaluate features of the functional state of microvascular bed of the skin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated to congenital cardiac disease (PAH-CCD) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods. In study included 25 patients (41.6±15.8) with PAH-CCD, 25 patients (48.8±14.2) with CTEPH and 25 healthy volunteers (39.3±10.1 years). All the patients underwent a six-minute walking test (6-MWT), transthoracic echocardiography, thorax organs radiography, right heart catheterization (RHC) and Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis of blood flow oscillations and evaluation of constrictory and dilatatoryskin resistive microvesselsfunctions. Results. In the PAH-CCD in relation to the CTEPH groupaccording to the RHC were noted significantly higher values of systolic pressure in pulmonary artery (93.2 and 77.8 mm Hg respectively) and venous mixted blood saturation(63 and 57% Hg respectively). On this background 6- MWT distance was 356 and 325 m, the Borg dyspnea scale index was on average 3.12 and 3.76 respectively. According to the LDF pulseoximetry PAH-CCD and CTEPH patients had 90.1 and 94.7% respectively. According to the LDF with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis the PAH-CCD patients had sig-nificantly higher values of the amplitude of myogenic, respiratory and pulse sectionof blood flow modulation, and also increased constrictory activity smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in response to the stretching at venous occlusion and decreased dilatatory reserve at post-occlusi-ve reactive hyperemia. According to the LDF the CTEPH patients had elongationof time development of microvessel constriction in response to acti-vation of sympathetic nervous systemin respiratory and cold tests. Conclusion. According to the LDF functional state of skin microvessels in systemic circulation of the CTEPH patients was comparable with control groupexcept for elongation of time development of microvessel reactions for sympathetic vasoconstrictor stimulations. The PAH-CCD patients demonstrated basal tonus decreasing of smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in systemic circulation, which can be regarded as a manifestation of autoregulatory response to systemic hypoxia.

Systolic blood pressure response to exercise in type 1 diabetes families compared with healthy control individuals

Oxidative stress is increased in type 1 diabetes families. Since oxidative damage is a mediator of vascular injury and familial predisposition to hypertension increases the risk of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy, we studied blood pressure responses to exercise and cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes families. Thirty-five type 1 patients, 74 first-degree relatives, and 95 healthy individuals without established coronary heart disease underwent a cycle ergometer test. Examination included medical history, lifestyle questionnaire, body weight, blood pressure, and laboratory tests [fasting plasma glucose and insulin, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma lipids, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, folate, plasma thiols, and albumin excretion rate]. Diabetic patients had higher plasma glucose, HbA1c, folate, and albuminuria, while lower plasma thiols than controls; relatives differed from controls in higher plasma total cholesterol and albuminuria, lower plasma thiols. No patient presented exercised-induced angina. Diabetic patients achieved a higher maximal exercise systolic blood pressure (similar workload); systolic pressure remained high during recovery. Relatives showed higher values of systolic pressure at peak exercise (same workload). The following were associated with an abnormal blood pressure response to exercise: diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c in the control sample; disease duration and fibrinogen in the diabetic group; plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), housework, and plasma thiols among relatives. An abnormal blood pressure response to exercise testing has been identified for the first time in asymptomatic normotensive non-diabetic relatives of type 1 diabetics, which was associated with indices of metabolic syndrome and oxidative damage. Moreover, in healthy normotensive non-diabetic control individuals (without a family history of type 1 diabetes), the systolic blood pressure response to exercise was significantly correlated with HbA1c levels.

Correlation of α‐skeletal actin expression, ventricular fibrosis and heart function with the degree of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy in rats

We have analysed alterations of alpha-skeletal actin expression and volume fraction of fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium and their functional counterpart in terms of arrhythmogenesis and haemodynamic variables, in rats with different degrees of compensated cardiac hypertrophy induced by infra-renal abdominal aortic coarctation. The following coarctation calibres were used: 1.3 (AC1.3 group), 0.7 (AC0.7) and 0.4 mm (AC0.4); age-matched rats were used as controls (C group). One month after surgery, spontaneous and sympathetic-induced ventricular arrhythmias were telemetrically recorded from conscious freely moving animals, and invasive haemodynamic measurements were performed in anaesthetized animals. After killing, subgroups of AC and C rats were used to evaluate in the left ventricle the expression and spatial distribution of alpha-skeletal actin and the amount of perivascular and interstitial fibrosis. As compared with C, all AC groups exhibited higher values of systolic pressure, ventricular weight and ventricular wall thickness. AC0.7 and AC0.4 rats also showed a larger amount of fibrosis and upregulation of alpha-skeletal actin expression associated with a higher vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias (AC0.7 and AC0.4) and enhanced myocardial contractility (AC0.4). Our results illustrate the progressive changes in the extracellular matrix features accompanying early ventricular remodelling in response to different degrees of pressure overload that may be involved in the development of cardiac electrical instability. We also demonstrate for the first time a linear correlation between an increase in alpha-skeletal actin expression and the degree of compensated cardiac hypertrophy, possibly acting as an early compensatory mechanism to maintain normal mechanical performance.

Cognitive assessment in the elderly with new mild systolic hypertension

Summary The goal of this investigation was to assess the early effects of new systolic hypertension on the cognitive function in the elderly. Using clinical measurements of blood pressure (WHO guidelines), 13 elderly normotensive and 13 elderly subjects with new systolic hypertension were selected, because it is more closely associated with cerebral damage. All 26 subjects were submitted to 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to confirm the pressure levels revealed using clinical measurements and to exclude the white-coat effect. The cognitive state was evaluated using the mini mental state examination (MMSE), and the acoustic evoked potential were also recorded with the objective of identifying a possible alteration of the cerebral function correlated to hypertensive pathology, not yet evident otherwise. ABPM data reaffirm the high values of systolic pressure in the elderly hypertensives and the cognitive function does not appear altered. In fact, we did not find any statistically significant differences between normotensive elders, neither in MMSE, a broad measure of cognitive functions, nor in the time lag of P300, being an expression of voluntary process of recognition and memorization of target stimuli.

Psychological assessment in the elderly with new mild systolic hypertension

The aim of this investigation was to assess the anxiety levels and the presence of symptoms of depression in elderly subjects with recently diagnosed mild systolic hypertension. We selected 13 elderly with new systolic hypertension and 13 elderly normotensive subjects; they underwent psychometric tests like state test anxiety inventory (STAI) for anxiety, and geriatric depression scale (GDS) for depression, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to assess the real pressure values and exclude the white-coat effect. ABPM data reaffirmed the high values of systolic pressure in the elderly hypertensives identified by using clinical measurements, although it excluded the white-coat effect. Our study found significantly higher anxiety levels in the elderly with mild systolic hypertension, while the symptoms of depression are not significantly different from those of elderly normotensives.