High Intake Of Red Meat Research Articles

Gut microbiota and myocardial infarction: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, numerous studies have suggested that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are closely related to myocardial infarction. Utilizing insights from these research findings may be advantageous in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of myocardial infarction. We have employed bibliometric methodology to summarize the progress made in this research area over the past 20 years, identify the hotspots, and highlight the developmental tendencies, providing a reference for future research in this field. MethodsWe searched the content related to this field in the Web of Science Core Collection database, with a time range from 2001 to 2023. We used VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica software to visualize the search results. ResultsWe included 889 reports in this study. The country with the most publications was China, while the country with the greatest influence was the United States. An analysis of institutions showed that the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences had the largest volume of publications, whereas the Cleveland Clinic had the most influential ones. An author analysis showed Stanley L Hazen to have published the most and to also have been the most influential researcher. An analysis of all the journals publishing articles related to the search terms showed that PLoS One journal had the highest number of publications (18 articles), while Atherosclerosis journal had the most influential articles. The results of our reference analysis showed a strong association between Trimethylamine N-oxide and myocardial infarction. We found that increased intestinal permeability may be related to the progression of cardiovascular diseases, a high-fiber diet may help in the prevention of diseases such as myocardial infarction, and populations with a high intake of red meat may have an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Keyword analysis suggested that ‘cardiac fibrosis’ and ‘major bleeding’ were promising research directions in the future, and supplementing food intake with short-chain fatty acids was looked upon as a promising approach to treating coronary heart disease. ConclusionThe gut microbiota are closely related to myocardial infarction, and investigating this relationship is crucial for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, where interdisciplinary research and international cooperation are indispensable.

Triglyceride-Glucose Index, Modifiable Lifestyle, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Insulin-mediated pathways plausibly explain the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a surrogate of insulin resistance (IR), but its association with CRC in the Korean population has not been evaluated. From the 2004-2013 Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 98,800 participants aged 40-69 years were followed through 2020. Data on CRC incidence were obtained from the Korean National Cancer Center registry. Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines were fitted to examine the association between the TyG; In [(triglycerides) × (fasting glucose)/2] and CRC incidence. Joint effects of modifiable lifestyle factors and TyG on CRC risk were also investigated. Median follow-up time was 10.6 years, and 699 CRC cases were observed. A unit-increment in TyG was associated with increased risk of CRC combined (hazard ratio, HR: 1.28, and 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.12-1.46), colon (1.29, 1.10-1.54), and rectal cancer (1.24, 1.01-1.52). Associations were dose-dependent, with linear associations observed for CRC and colon, but non-linear associations were observed for rectal cancer. A high TyG index (above 8.4) combined with overweight/obesity was linked to an increased risk of CRC (1.31, 1.07-1.61) and colon cancer (1.33, 1.03-1.72). When combined with low fruit and vegetable intake, the risks were higher for CRC (1.40, 1.12-1.74) and colon cancer (1.57, 1.18-2.09). Combined with high red meat consumption, the risks were elevated for CRC (1.32, 1.05-1.65) and colon cancer (1.52, 1.15-2.02). A high TyG index was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, and the risk was highest among participants with a high BMI, low fruit and vegetable intake, and high intake of red meat, suggesting a role of both insulin resistance and modifiable lifestyle in colorectal cancer development.

Impact of the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of fermented beverages on subjective well-being in different contexts in Spain

The relationship between the Mediterranean diet, the consumption of fermented beverages (beer and wine), and subjective well-being in Spain was investigated. Using a cross-sectional study with 2,752 participants, dietary patterns and emotional well-being were evaluated in contexts such as work, the gym, and bars/restaurants. The results showed that context significantly impacts dietary habits and well-being. Participants at the gym adhered more to the Mediterranean diet and reported fewer negative emotions compared to other contexts. Correlation maps indicated that beer consumption was associated with a higher intake of red meat, while wine was related to a higher consumption of fish and seafood. Additionally, the study found that participants following the Mediterranean diet experienced higher levels of emotional well-being, with less frequent negative emotions such as anxiety and anger, and higher levels of life satisfaction, especially in contexts like the gym. These findings suggest that public health interventions should consider contextual factors to promote healthy eating habits and improve emotional well-being, highlighting the importance of the Mediterranean diet in health and the prevention of psychological problems.

Modification Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Association of High Red Meat Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Cancer Screening Trial.

Evidence on the association between red meat consumption and lung cancer risk is weak. This study examined the associations between red meat and lung cancer across levels of antioxidant intake from foods or supplements. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Baseline food frequency questionnaires measured red meat and antioxidant intake. The food-based Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (fCDAI) evaluated the overall natural intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, magnesium, and selenium. During 13 years of follow-up, 95,647 participants developed 1599 lung cancer cases. Higher red meat consumption was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (HRQ4vsQ1 1.43, 95%CI 1.20-1.71, p-trend < 0.001). We observed similar trends across groups with low or medium levels of antioxidant intake. However, no association was noticed in the group with the highest fCDAI (HRQ4vsQ1 1.24, 95%CI 0.90-1.72, p-trend = 0.08) and highest independent natural antioxidant intake. The attenuated risk was not consistently observed among groups with high supplement use. Lastly, we did not notice evidence of interactions between red meat and antioxidant intake. Our findings emphasize the importance of limiting red meat in lung cancer prevention.

Analysis and projections of disease burden for different risk factors and sexes of ischemic stroke in young adults in China

To estimate the rate of death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and project the disease burden of ischemic stroke due to relevant risk factors in young adults age 20–49 years by sex in China. Data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 were used. The age-standardized mortality (ASMR), age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. We also used the NORDPRED model to predict ASMR for ischemic stroke due to related risk factors in Chinese young adults over the next 10 years. From 1990 to 2019, the general age-standardized mortality [from 2.39 (1.97 to 2.99) in 1990 to 1.8 (1.41 to 2.18) in 2019, EAPC = − 1.23] and DALYs rates (from 171.7 (140.34 to 212.36) in 1990 to 144.4 (114.29 to 177.37) in 2019, EAPC = − 0.86) decreased for ischemic stroke in young adults in China. ASMR and ASDR decreased for all level 1 risk factors (including behavioral, environmental/occupational, and metabolic) from 1990 to 2019, with the slightest decrease for metabolic risks [ASMR from 1.86 (1.39 to 2.41) in 1990 to 1.53 (1.15 to 1.92) in 2019, ASDR from 133.68 (99.96 to 173.89) in 1990 to 123.54 (92.96 to 156.98) in 2019] and the largest decrease for environmental/occupational risks [ASMR from 1.57 (1.26 to 1.98) in 1990 to 1.03 (0.78 to 1.29) in 2019, ASDR from 110.91 (88.44 to 138.34) in 1990 to 80.03 (61.87 to 100.33) in 2019]. In general, high body-mass index, high red meat intake, and ambient particulate matter pollution contributed to the large increase in ASMR and ASDR between 1990 and 2019. Significant reductions in ASMR and ASDR were observed in low vegetables intake, household air pollution from solid fuels, lead exposure, and low fiber intake. In addition, there were sex differences in the ranking of ASMR attributable to risks in ischemic stroke. The disease burden of ischemic stroke attributable to relevant risk factors in young adults in China is greater and has a faster growth trend or a slower decline trend in males than in females (except for secondhand smoke). The apparent increasing trend of ASMR attributable to high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, high body-mass index, and high red meat intake was observed in males but not in females. The projected analysis showed an increasing trend in ASMR between 1990 and 2030 for all specific metabolic risks for males, but a decreasing trend for females. ASMR attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2030 for both males and females. The burden of ischemic stroke in young adults in China showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. Specific risk factors associated with the burden of ischemic stroke varied between the sexes. Corresponding measures need to be developed in China to reduce the disease burden of ischemic stroke among young adults.

The Association of Cardiometabolic, Diet and Lifestyle Parameters With Plasma Glucagon-like Peptide-1: An IMI DIRECT Study.

The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohorts, cohort 1 (n = 2127) individuals at risk of diabetes; cohort 2 (n = 789) individuals with new-onset T2D. Our multiple regression analysis reveals that fasting total GLP-1 is associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype and observe a strong independent relationship with male sex, increased adiposity, and liver fat, particularly in the prediabetes population. In contrast, we showed that incremental GLP-1 decreases with worsening glycemia, higher adiposity, liver fat, male sex, and reduced insulin sensitivity in the prediabetes cohort. Higher fasting total GLP-1 was associated with a low intake of wholegrain, fruit, and vegetables in people with prediabetes, and with a high intake of red meat and alcohol in people with diabetes. These studies provide novel insights into the association between fasting and incremental GLP-1, metabolic traits of diabetes and obesity, and dietary intake, and raise intriguing questions regarding the relevance of fasting GLP-1 in the pathophysiology T2D.

A prospective study of dietary patterns and the incidence of endometriosis diagnosis

BackgroundAlthough endometriosis is a common condition—affecting ∼10% of premenopausal individuals—its etiology is unknown. Diet receives large patient attention, but studies of the role of diet are limited. Examining dietary patterns is essential to provide new insight. ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether dietary patterns are associated with laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis diagnosis. Study DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study among 81,997 premenopausal participants of the Nurses’ Health Study II, who were followed from 1991-2015. Diet was assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires every four years. We examined six dietary patterns: Western, Prudent, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), an estrogen-associated pattern, and a pro-inflammatory pattern. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to quantify the association between each of these patterns and laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis diagnosis. Results3,810 incident cases of endometriosis were diagnosed during 24 years of follow-up. Adherence to the AHEI-2010, reflecting a healthier dietary pattern, was associated with a 13% lower risk of endometriosis diagnosis (5th vs 1st quintile 95% CI=0.78-0.96; ptrend=0.02). Participants in the highest quintile of the Western dietary pattern, characterized by high intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and desserts, had a 27% higher risk of endometriosis diagnosis compared to those in the lowest quintile (95% CI=1.09–1.47; ptrend=0.004). The Prudent, DASH, and estrogen-associated dietary patterns did not demonstrate clear associations with endometriosis risk, and there was the suggestion of higher risk of endometriosis diagnosis among those with a higher pro-inflammatory diet score (HR for 5th vs 1st quintile=1.10; 95% CI=0.99-1.23; ptrend=0.01). ConclusionOur results suggest that consuming a dietary pattern that adheres to the AHEI-2010 recommendations lowers the risk of endometriosis diagnosis, potentially through a beneficial impact on pelvic pain. In addition, consuming a less healthy diet high in red/processed meats and refined grains may have a detrimental impact on endometriosis symptoms.

Maternal One-Carbon Nutrient Intake and Risk of Being Overweight or Obese in Their Offspring-A Transgenerational Prospective Cohort Study.

We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period surrounding pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes from birth to early adulthood. These associations were examined among 2454 mother-child pairs from the Nurses' Health Study II and Growing Up Today Study. Maternal energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Birth weight, body size at age 5 and repeated BMI measurements were considered. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (<18 years) and World Health Organization guidelines (18+ years). Among other estimands, we report relative risks (RRs) for offspring ever being overweight with corresponding 95% confidence intervals across quintiles of dietary factors, with the lowest quintile as the reference. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher maternal intakes of phosphatidylcholine were associated with a higher risk of offspring ever being overweight (RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.16 [1.01-1.33] p-trend: 0.003). The association was stronger among offspring born to mothers with high red meat intake (high red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.50 [1.14-1.98], p-trend: 0.001; low red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.05 [0.87-1.27], p-trend: 0.46; p-interaction = 0.13). Future studies confirming the association between a higher maternal phosphatidylcholine intake during pregnancy and offspring risk of being overweight or obese are needed.

Incidence Rates of Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer's Early Symptoms in the Community in Gondanglegi District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is most typical symptom is hematochezia while the risk factors encompass sex, age, genetic predispositions, history of colorectal polyps or cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, physical exercise, and specific dietary choices, including high red meat intake, fried food, and low fiber consumption. This study aims to screen the risk factors of colorectal cancer.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted on residents in the Sepanjang village, Malang Regency, involved in community service by the Internist Association of Malang. Community service was carried out in July 2023 and 148 residents were involved in collecting data on risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The questionnaire assesses the presence of symptoms of bloody stools and several habits related to colorectal carcinoma risk factors, including age, gender, exercise routine, and dietary history. Data presentation and analysis were carried out as in the table.Results: Among the risk factors listed assessed using the questionnaire, Men (p=0.021), lack of exercise (p= 0.008), consumption of fried food (p= 0.021), and consumption of instant noodles (p= 0.013) significantly affect the prevalence of hematochezia.Conclusion: Men, lack of exercise, consumption of fried food, and consumption of instant noodles significantly affect the hematochezia indicating CRC.

Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns of Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Women.

Depressive symptoms are a common menopausal feature in middle-aged women and are associated with dietary factors. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in 2190 Korean women aged 45-69 years. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and food intake was examined using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from principal components analysis and identified two dietary patterns: a "healthy" dietary pattern (high intake of whole-grain rice, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and fish) and an "unhealthy" dietary pattern (high intake of noodles, dumplings, sweets, red meat, soda, and coffee). After adjusting for all confounding factors, those with the highest healthy dietary pattern scores had a 0.56-fold lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with the lowest score (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.84, p for trend = 0.006). Conversely, those with the highest unhealthy pattern scores had a 1.85-fold higher risk of depressive symptoms than that of those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30-2.63, p for trend = 0.002). In middle-aged women, a dietary pattern of high intake of fiber-rich whole-grain rice, fruits, vegetables, and legumes may help prevent and manage depressive symptoms.

High red meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers is associated with NAFLD in a multi-center cross-sectional study.

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with evidence for potential interaction with nutrition. However, the combination of meat consumption with genetic polymorphism has not been tested. Therefore, this study aims to test the association between the joint presence of PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele with high meat consumption and NAFLD in populations with diverse meat consumption. A cross-sectional study among Israeli screening and Brazilian primary healthcare populations. Food consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. PNPLA3 polymorphism was defined as homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (GC). Inconclusive/probable NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 30 and probable NAFLD as FLI ≥ 60. The sample included 511 subjects from the screening and primary healthcare populations (n = 213 and n = 298, respectively). Genetic polymorphism (homozygous GG or heterozygous GC) combined with high consumption of total meat, red and/or processed meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat was associated with the highest odds for inconclusive/probable NAFLD (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.27-5.97, p = 0.011; OR = 3.24, 1.43-7.34, p = 0.005; OR = 2.92, 1.32-6.47, p = 0.008; OR = 3.16, 1.46-6.83, p = 0.003, respectively), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake. In addition, genetic polymorphism combined with high processed meat consumption was associated with the highest odds for probable NAFLD (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.04-5.56, p = 0.040). High red meat intake may confer a greater risk for NAFLD among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and consider minimizing red and processed meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers.

Microbiome and its relevance to indigenous inflammatory bowel diseases in China

BackgroundInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology. Although dysbiosis is implicated in its pathogenesis, deep sequencing and oral microbiota study in Chinese IBD patients is absent. AimTo explore the role of oral / intestinal microbiota in patients with IBD and the potential associations therein. MethodsClinical data, fecal and saliva samples were harvested from 80 patients with IBD (Crohn's disease, CD, n = 69; Ulcerative colitis, UC, n = 11) and 24 normal controls. Microbiomics (16S rRNA sequencing and 16S rRNA full-length sequencing) were used to detect and analyze the difference between IBD patients and normal control. ResultsCompared with normal controls, a higher abundance of the intestinal Shigella spp. (Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, which were positively relate to the severity of IBD), lower abundance of intestinal probiotics (Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia), and higher abundance of oral Neisseria were present in IBD patients with microbiome. The higher inflammation-related markers, impaired hepatic and renal function, and dyslipidaemia were present in patients with IBD. A higher intake of red meat and increased abundance of Clostridium in the gut were found in CD patients, while the elevated abundance of Ruminococcus in the gut was showed in UC ones. The bacterial composition of saliva and fecal samples was completely different, yet there was some correlation in the distribution of dominant probiotics. ConclusionEnteric dysbacteriosis and the infections of pathogenic bacteria (Shigella) may associate with the occurrence or development of IBD.

Red meat intake, faecal microbiome, serum trimethylamine N-oxide and hepatic steatosis among Chinese adults.

Emerging evidence suggests a detrimental impact of high red meat intake on hepatic steatosis. We investigated the potential interplay between red meat intake and gut microbiome on circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and hepatic steatosis risk. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 754 community-dwelling adults in Huoshan, China. Diet was collected using 4 quarterly 3 consecutive 24-h dietary (12-day) recalls. We profiled faecal microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and quantified serum TMAO and its precursors using LC-tandem MS (n = 333). We detected hepatic steatosis by FibroScan. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. TMAO levels but not its precursors were positively associated with the likelihood of hepatic steatosis (aOR per 1-SD increment 1.86, 95% CI 1.04-3.32). We identified 14 bacterial genera whose abundance was associated with TMAO concentration (pFDR < .05) belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria families. Per 10 g/day increase in red meat intake was positively associated with TMAO levels among participants who had higher red meat intake (>70 g/day) and higher TMAO-predicting microbial scores (TMS, β = .045, p = .034), but not among others (pinteraction = .030). TMS significantly modified the positive association between red meat and steatosis (pinteraction = .032), with a stronger association being observed among participants with higher TMS (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.57). The bacterial genera that predicted TMAO levels may jointly modify the association between red meat intake and TMAO levels and the subsequent risk of hepatic steatosis.

Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression are associated with lipid disorders among Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundLipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults.MethodsFrom the 2013–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59–0.83, P-trend < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.

Burden of ischemic stroke attributable to a high red meat diet in China, 1990-2019: analysis based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

The burden of ischemic stroke (IS) linked to high consumption of red meat is on the rise. This study aimed to analyze the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trends for IS attributed to high red meat intake in China between 1990 and 2019 and to compare these trends with global trends. This study extracted data on IS attributed to diets high in red meat in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Key measures, including mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR), were used to estimate the disease burden. The estimated annual percentage change and joinpoint regression models were employed to assess the trends over time. An age-period-cohort analysis was used to assess the contribution of a diet high in red meat to the age, period, and cohort effects of IS ASMR and ASDR. Between 1990 and 2019, deaths and DALYs from IS attributed to a diet high in red meat in China, along with corresponding age-standardized rates, significantly increased. The overall estimated annual percentage change for the total population and across sex categories ranged from 1.01 to 2.08. The average annual percentage changes for overall ASDR and ASMR were 1.4 and 1.33, respectively, with male ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes at 1.69 and 1.69, respectively. Contrastingly, female ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes were 1.07 and 0.87, respectively. Except for a few periods of significant decrease in females, all other periods indicated a significant increase or nonsignificant changes. Incidence of IS linked to a diet high in red meat rose sharply with age, displaying increasing period and cohort effects in ASDR. Female ASMR period and cohort effect ratios initially increased and then decreased, whereas the male ratio showed an upward trend. This study comprehensively analyzed epidemiological characteristics that indicated a marked increase in mortality and DALYs from IS attributable to high red meat consumption, contrasting with a global downtrend. This increase was more pronounced in males than females. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing IS prevention in China.

Comparing the Associations of Dietary Patterns Identified through Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis with Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Large Case-Control Study in China.

Examining the association between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk can provide valuable insights beyond the assessment of individual foods or nutrients. However, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of dietary patterns and CRC risk in Chinese populations, and few studies have compared dietary patterns derived from different posteriori methods with the aim of predicting disease risk. The aim of this study was to derive dietary patterns using both principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) and to assess their respective associations with CRC risk. A large-scale case-control study was conducted in Guangdong Province, China, including 2799 incident colorectal cancer cases and an equal number of frequency-matched controls. Dietary intake information was gathered through the use of a validated food frequency questionnaire. PCA and CA were used to derive dietary patterns. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Four major dietary patterns were identified by PCA. CA identified two dietary patterns, referred to as the "Balanced dietary pattern" and the "Refined grain dietary pattern". Notably, there were significant inverse associations between the milk-egg-nut-soy dietary pattern (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.42, 0.62), the vegetable-fruit dietary pattern (aOR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.51, 0.74), and the poultry-fish dietary pattern (aOR, 0.81; 95%CI, 0.68, 0.97) and CRC risk. However, the red meat-preserved food dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of CRC (aOR, 2.99; 95%CI, 2.43, 3.67). When compared with the Refined grain dietary pattern, the Balanced dietary pattern showed a decreased risk of CRC (aOR, 0.59; 95%CI, 0.52, 0.66). The results from the comparison of the two methods indicate that both CA and PCA derived remarkably similar patterns. The combined use of PCA and CA identified consistent underlying patterns, showing comparable associations with CRC risk. These findings suggest that individuals who prefer dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of red meat, preserved food, and refined grains should be cautious about their increased CRC risk. Conversely, dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and high-quality protein sources are advisable for the prevention of CRC in the Chinese population.

Nutritional Strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Exploring Pathways to Better Management

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune illness that affects the entire body, with the involvement of the joints and gradual bone and cartilage loss. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility to RA. A growing body of research in recent years has indicated that nutrition plays a major impact in both the risk and course of disease. Notably, environmental factors like dust, pollution, infections, and smoking are identified as potential contributors to systemic autoimmunity preceding symptom onset. Amidst this complexity, the role of nutrition emerges as a significant area of interest, with studies indicating potential links between dietary habits and the onset of RA. The article thoroughly investigates the impact of dietary choices on inflammation, drawing attention to the dichotomy of foods with either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The Western diet, characterized by its high intake of red meat, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates, is implicated in elevating inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity, potentially increasing the risk of RA. Further, the intricate relationship between nutrition and inflammatory diseases is explored, emphasizing the impact of specific nutrients on inflammatory processes. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, crucial for cellular membranes and inflammatory regulation, emerge as potential therapeutic supplements for RA management. Additionally, calorie restriction and antioxidants are identified as influential factors in mitigating inflammation and disease activity in RA patients. The manuscript also examines the effects of various dietary components such as flavonoids, gluten, fasting, vitamin D, and probiotics on RA. Overall, the manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between diet and RA, shedding light on the potential avenues for leveraging nutrition as a tool for managing and potentially mitigating the impact of this complex autoimmune condition. Keywords: Inflammation, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Nutritional Therapy, Omega-3 fatty acids, Joint pains, Antioxidants

Trimethylamine N-oxide, β-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6-related dietary patterns in association with stroke risk

Background and aimsThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) model reflecting variation in novel biomarkers (trimethylamine N-oxide, β-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6) with stroke risk. Methods and resultsWe performed analyses based on a community-based cohort study “the Prospective Follow-up Study on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in China (PFS-CMMC)”. Factor loadings were calculated by RRR using 11 food groups collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire and the four response variables based on its nested case–control data (393 cases of stroke vs. 393 matched controls). Dietary pattern scores were derived by applying the factor loadings to the food groups in the entire cohort (n = 15,518). The associations of dietary pattern with the stroke risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The dietary pattern characterized with higher intakes of red meat and poultry but lower intakes of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fish/seafoods were identified for further analyses. The hazard ratios (HR) for the highest vs. lowest quartile was 1.55 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.18–2.03, P trend = 0.001] for total stroke, 2.96 [95 % CI: 1.53–5.71, P trend <0.001] for non-ischemic stroke, after adjustment for sex, age, educational attainment, current smoking, current drinking, body mass index, total energy intake, family history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of limited meat intake and increased intakes of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish/seafoods in the prevention of stroke among Chinese adults.

Global burden of ischemic heart disease associated with high red and processed meat consumption: an analysis of 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019

BackgroundMultiple studies have indicated an association between red and processed meat consumption and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In this study, we aimed to assess the burden of IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019.MethodsWe extracted data from the GBD 2019, which included the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) attributed to IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat. We then calculated the burden of IHD attributable to a high intake of red and processed meat in each country and territory, stratified by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI).ResultsGlobally, a high intake of red meat was responsible for 351,200 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 559,000–642,700) deaths from IHD in 2019, while a high intake of processed meat was associated with 171,700 (95% UI: 30,100–320,000) deaths from IHD. Between 1990 and 2019, while the corresponding age-standardized rates declined, the numbers of deaths and DALYs increased. China had the highest number of deaths [98,386.9 (95% UI: 14,999.3–189,812.7)] caused by a high intake of red meat, while United States of America [33,129.6 (95% UI: 7,150–59,593.8)] was associated with the highest number of deaths caused by high intake of processed meat for IHD in 2019. Males experienced a greater burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat than females. The ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of red meat decreased in countries with high SDI, high-middle SDI and low SDI, while the ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of processed meat decreased only in countries with high SDI and high-middle SDI.ConclusionAlthough there is a decline in the ASMR and ASDR of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat, there is also an increase in deaths and DALYs number globally. Additionally, there is a heterogeneous burden of IHD related to a high intake of red and processed meat across regions and countries, with males experiencing a greater burden than females. Implementing targeted policies and interventions is required to reduce the burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat.

Effect of iron and calcium on radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer patients relative to controls.

High intake of red meat and/or dairy products may increase the concentration of iron and calcium in plasma-a risk factor for prostate cancer (PC). Despite our understandings of nutrients and their effects on the genome, studies on the effects of iron and calcium on radiation sensitivity of PC patients are lacking. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high plasma levels of iron and calcium could increase baseline or radiation-induced DNA damage in PC patients relative to healthy controls. The present study was performed on 106 PC patients and 132 age-matched healthy individuals. CBMN assay was performed to measure mi-cronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBuds) in lymphocytes. Plasma concentrations of iron and calcium were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. MN, NPBs, and NBuds induced by radiation ex vivo were significantly higher in PC patients with high plasma iron (P = .004, P = .047, and P = .0003, respectively) compared to healthy controls. Radiation-induced MN and NBuds frequency were also significantly higher in PC patients (P = .001 and P = .0001, respectively) with high plasma calcium levels relative to controls. Furthermore, radiation-induced frequency of NBuds was significantly higher in PC patients (P < .0001) with high plasma levels of both iron and calcium relative to controls. Our results support the hypothesis that high iron and calcium levels in plasma increases the sensitivity to radiation-induced DNA damage and point to the need of developing nutrition-based strategies to minimize DNA damage in normal tissue of PC patients undergoing radiotherapy.