Highest Plant Height Research Articles

Influence of Training and Tomato Hybrids on Growth, and Quality of Tomato under Shade Net House

This study examines the influence of different training systems and tomato hybrids on the growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicon L.) under shade net house conditions. It was conducted at the Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit, Centre of Excellence for Vegetables, Karnal, during the 2016-17 growing season. The experiment followed a Factorial arrangement of treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design (FRBD) with two training systems (one-stem and two-stem) and four hybrids (STH-39, STH-901, STH-801, and STH-701). Growth results indicated that the one-stem system significantly enhanced plant height (270.08 cm), leaf area (77.06 cm²), and stem girth (1.75 cm), while the two-stem system increased the number of leaves (82.80 per plant). Hybrid STH-801 exhibited superior vegetative performance, with the highest plant height (309.03 cm), maximum number of branches (8.17), and largest leaf area (79.22 cm²). In terms of quality parameters, the training systems had no significant effect on traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), pH, pericarp thickness, or shelf life. However, hybrid STH-801 recorded the highest TSS (5.47 °Brix) and longest shelf life (23 days). STH-39 produced the thickest pericarp (1.10 cm) and largest fruit volume (157 cc), contributing to better fruit quality. These findings highlight the importance of hybrid selection and training systems in improving both the growth and quality of tomatoes under protected cultivation.

Promoting the seasonal succession of submerged macrophytes by regulating the harvesting intensity of Potamogeton crispus.

Harvesting is a direct and simple artificial method to regulate submerged macrophyte communities. However, there is still a gap in whether the succession of different seasonal submerged macrophytes can be achieved by harvesting. The morphological, physiological index, competition intensity of Hydrilla verticillata (H. verticillata) and underwater light under different harvesting intensities of Potamogeton crispus (P. crispus) was studied by a controlled experiment. Under moderate harvesting intensity (harvest 30% and 45% of plant height) of P. crispus, H. verticillata was the least inhibited, resulting in accumulating more Chl a and higher plant height. The underwater light created by moderate-intensity harvesting was favorable for H. verticillata to compete with P. crispus. Thus, moderate-intensity harvesting of P. crispus can promote the growth of H. verticillata. In practice, moderate harvesting intensity of P. crispus can be used to create conditions for the growth of summer species to achieve seasonal succession of submerged macrophytes and maintain the clear-water state of the lake.

Effect of fertigation scheduling and doses of NPK on growth, yield and quality of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) under protected condition

This study investigated the impact of different fertigation schedules on cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivation in a controlled environment at TNAU, Coimbatore, India. A Completely Randomized Design with nine treatments and three replications was used, incorporating various combinations of soil application and fertigation with water-soluble fertilizers at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Critical parameters such as growth, phenological traits, yield, fruit quality, soil nutrient status, and plant nutrient uptake were evaluated. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, path coefficient analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to assess treatment effects and identify relationships between variables. The results consistently demonstrated that fertigation with water-soluble fertilizers at 100% RDF (T3) yielded the best outcomes for most parameters, followed by 75% RDF fertigation (T4) and a combination of 25% soil application and 75% fertigation (T7). Significant improvements in plant growth, yield and fruit quality were observed with optimized fertigation compared to traditional soil application methods. T3 (100% RDF through fertigation) resulted in the highest plant height (263.95 cm), number of primary branches (15), leaf area (316.77 cm²) and dry matter production (96.85 kg/plant). Yield attributes such as fruits per plant (326.50), fruit weight (3.73 g), and total yield (23.95 t/ha) were also highest in T3. Path coefficient analysis indicated strong positive correlations between growth and yield parameters. PCA showed that the first principal component accounted for 85.9 % of the total variation. These findings highlight the potential for fertigation to improve resource use efficiency and productivity in cherry tomato cultivation.

Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Tuberose by Using Bioformulations under Field Condition

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of different bioformulations for management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting tuberose under field condition. Study Design: Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Biswanath College of Agriculture, AAU, Biswanath Chariali, Assam during summer season 2024. Methodology: Bulbs of tuberose cultivar Prajwal were planted in root-knot nematode infested sick plot. In this experiment seven treatments were considered and the treatments were replicated thrice. Bioformulations viz., Neem cake, Neem leaf power, Biover, Biozium, Biomonas and AAU-Bioguard were applied treatment wise and mixed with soil before planting of bulbs. Observations on plant height and floral characteristics viz. spike length, rachis length, spike weight, number of floret per spike, floret length and nematode multiplication parameters like number of galls, egg masses per root system and final nematode population in soil were recorded. Results: Upon observation results showed that all the treatments were significantly effective in increasing the plant height, floral characteristic and reducing the number of galls, eggmasses and final nematode population in soil as compared to that of untreated control. Highest plant height(46.50cm), spike length (66.33cm), spike weight (37.33g), rachis length(32cm), number of florets per spike(25.26) and floret length(4.66cm) was recorded in the treatment with Biover@5kg enriched with FYM 5t/ha, which was followed by the treatment with Biozium @5kg enriched with FYM 5t/ha and neem cake @ 1t/ha. Maximum reduction of number of galls (35.18%), eggmasses (31.79%) and final nematode population in soil (39.65%) was recorded in the treatment with Biover@5kg enriched with FYM 5t/ha. Conclusion: From this experiment it can be concluded that all the bioformulations were found to be effective for increasing plant height, floral characteristic and reducing the nematode multiplication and these can be incorporated in root-knot nematode management programme. Among the bioformulations Biover was found to be most effective.

Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators Enhances Drought Tolerance by Modulating Growth and Biochemical Responses in Sugarcane Varieties

ABSTRACTPlant growth regulators (PGRs) improve crop growth and mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study explores the effects of various PGRs including melatonin (MT), indole‐butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on drought‐tolerant Zhongzhe 9 (ZZ9) and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), as well as drought‐sensitive varieties Guitang‐44 (GT44) and Funong 41 (FN41) varieties. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the foliar application of these hormones alone or in combination on sugarcane seedlings under drought stress conditions. At the sixth leaf stage, drought stress was induced by reducing soil moisture to 40%–45% field capacity. Results showed that the drought‐sensitive variety GT44 had the highest plant height (17.97 cm), while PGRs application enhanced the relative water content (RWC) in FN41 by 0.96%. PGRs treatment also increased plant height by 33.98% and RWC by 3.26% compared to controls. MT application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b contents in FN41 by 4.82% and 4.51%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased by 16.39% and 12.57%, respectively, indicating enhanced oxidative stress defence. Moreover, PGRs applications reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, signifying decreased oxidative damages. The combinations of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 significantly improved the plant growth attributes, antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA content in both tolerant and sensitive varieties under drought stress. Thus, combined application of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 treatments effectively mitigated drought stress in sugarcane seedlings, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices.

Evaluation of selected rice cultivars' phenotypic traits and chlorophyll content under sub-mergence stress

Currently, rice production in Nigeria is on the increase with the aim of meeting the nation’s need but floods (mainly seasonal) has been among the major factors limiting rice production. Rice is generally a semi aquatic plant well adapted to partially flooded fields but flash flooding may leads to complete submergence there by resulting into huge economic losses mainly due to reduction in gases (hypoxia) and light intensity needed for photosynthesis. The research was conducted at the Biological Garden, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi. The experiment was set off in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four rice cultivars with control and three replications. Length of internodes, number of nodes per plant, plant height, root length and chlorophyll contents were evaluated using standard methods and protocols. The study analyzed the impact of flooding on rice cultivars, finding significant differences in node number, internode length, plant height, root lengths, and chlorophyll content. The highest number of nodes was found in CP Yartunga, followed by Faro with 6.33 per plant. The highest plant height was 15.50 cm in Faro, while the highest chlorophyll content was 0.41 mg/g in CP 44. The research reveals that rice cultivars recover from flooding stress, with CP Yartunga having the highest number of nodes per plant and Faro having the highest internode length. No significant differences were found in plant height, root length, or chlorophyll content among the evaluated cultivars. Faro had the lowest chlorophyll content. The study reveals that under stress, chlorophyll content in various locations decreases significantly, with a significant drop in recovery and node numbers. Lastly, node recovery is substantial, suggesting lower injury levels. The present study suggests that cultivars like Faro and CP 44 show better resilience, suggesting potential breeding programs focusing on structural traits.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth Parameters of Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.)

The aim of the study is to identify a suitable nutrient management practice for enhancing the growth characteristics viz. plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), number of tillers per plant and number of leaves per plant of citronella. The study was carried out in Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, between 2023-2024. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments each replicated thrice was executed following the principles of Randomized Block Design. They are (T1) 100% RDF (NPK 75:40:40 kg/ha) (Basal Dose N: 25 kg/ha), (T2) 75% RDF+ Vermicompost 5 t/ha, (T3) 75% RDF+ Vermicompost 5 t/ha + Biofertilizer consortium 2 kg/ha, (T4) 75% RDF+ Vermicompost 5 t/ha + Sea weed extract 2%, (T5) 75% RDF+ Goat Manure 5 t/ha, (T6) 75% RDF + Goat Manure 5 t/ha+ Biofertilizer consortium 2 kg/ha, (T7) 75% RDF + Goat Manure 5 t/ha + Sea weed extract 2%, (T8) 75% RDF + FYM 10 t/ha, (T9) 75% RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + Biofertilizer consortium 2 kg/ha and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + Sea weed extract 2 % . The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. This was done by standard procedure of Panse and Sukhatme (1985) and the results were interpreted. The level of significance are used in “F” and “t” tests at P=0.05. Critical differences (CD) were worked out whenever F test was found significant. The WASP 2.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of data. The study showed significant difference in the growth, yield and quality among the different treatments. The highest plant height (cm) (128.30, 131.32 and 132.20), plant spread (cm) (109.80, 112.03 and 115.75), number of tillers per plant (43.78, 45.90 and 48.16), number of leaves per plant (208.46, 212.15 and 210.00) of citronella were recorded with the application of 75% Recommended dose of fertilizer with vermicompost 5 t/ ha and 2% foliar spray of seaweed extract improved the growth, yield and quality of citronella. The application of 75% Recommended dose of fertilizer with vermicompost 5 t/ha and 2% foliar spray of seaweed extract has been identified as the best treatment for maximizing the growth characters of citronella. Hence, could be recommended for satisfactory growth, yield and quality of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.).

Determination of NPS Fertilizer Rate on Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Yaya Gullele District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Inappropriate crop management practices are among the key elements that contributed to the low production of wheat. Moreover, the application of balanced fertilizers and nutrient requirements of the crop is the basis to produce more crop yield from the land under cultivation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in the 2020 & 2021 main cropping season to determine the NPS fertilizer rate in relative to determined the P-critical and P-requirement factor for wheat and to estimate the economically feasible NPS fertilizer rate for higher yield of wheat in Yaya gulale District. Accordingly the result indicated that, plant height was not significantly (P > 0.05 ) influenced by the NPS fertilizer rate but spike length, biomass, and grain yield were highly significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the NPS fertilizer rate. The highest plant height (86.72cm), spike length (6.57cm), biomass yield (12163kg ha-1) and grain yield (3327 kg ha-1) of wheat were recorded by the application of 75% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate supplemented with recommended Nitrogen whereas, the lowest value was recorded from the field without fertilizer which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis indicates that, application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 75% P-critical in NPS fertilizer with recommended Nitrogen fertilizer (92 kg N ha-1) for the production of wheat was more economically beneficial for the district. In conclusion, farmers and other end users could be advised to use 75% PC from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen for wheat production in the district and other areas having similar soil types and agro- ecology.

Impact of Nano Zinc and Consortia on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Central Zone of Uttar Pradesh

This field study evaluated the effect of various nutrient sources, including NPK, farmyard manure (FYM), consortia, and nano zinc, on rice (Oryza sativa) growth, yield, and soil quality in the Central Zone of Uttar Pradesh. Fourteen treatments were tested using a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment combining 75% NPK, FYM @ 5 tons/ha, consortia, and nano zinc (T8) consistently showed superior results, with the highest plant height (97.09 cm at harvest), maximum dry matter accumulation (36.49 g/m²), and the most effective tillers (181.20/m²). T8 also recorded a significantly higher grain yield (43.6 q/ha) compared to the control (19.79 q/ha). The results demonstrate that integrating FYM, consortia, and nano zinc with reduced NPK enhances rice growth and yield, supporting sustainable rice production in the region.

Mitigating Salinity Stress in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with K-humate and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Salinity stress poses a major challenge to plant growth and development, causing problems like osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and nutrient imbalances. These issues lead to reduced photosynthesis and early aging of plants. In this study, we explored the potential of potassium humate (Kh) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe (II,III) oxide-NPs) to help cotton plants (Gossypium hirsitum L.) cope with saline conditions. We examined various growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry weights of leaves and roots, leaf area, chlorophyll content (SPAD values), and relative water content (RWC). Our findings showed that salinity stress significantly decreased plant height, leaf number, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, leaf area, and RWC. However, the application of Fe (II,III) oxide-NPs and Kh helped mitigate these negative effects. Notably, the combination of Fe (II,III) oxide-NPs and Kh resulted in the highest plant height under saline conditions. Kh alone was particularly effective in increasing leaf number and fresh leaf weight, even under stress. In conclusion, both Fe (II,III) oxide NPs and Kh proved to be effective in enhancing cotton plant resilience to salinity stress, highlighting their potential use in sustainable agriculture in saline and arid regions. These insights can help develop strategies to improve plant growth and yield under challenging environmental conditions.

Vegetation Growth and Physiological Adaptation of Pioneer Plants on Mobile Sand Dunes

The Hunshandake Sandy Land is one of the largest sandy areas in China and the closest source of sand dust to the Beijing and Tianjing areas. Sand fixation by vegetation is considered the most efficient strategy for sand control and sustainable development, so clarifying the vegetation coverage and plant adaptation characteristics in the Hunshandake Sandy Land is helpful in guiding restoration and improving local sustainability. Here, we investigated the vegetation growth on the mobile sand dunes in the Hunshandake Sandy Land and specified the photosynthesis and stomatal characteristics of the pioneer plants for sand fixation. The vegetation survey showed that the windward slopes of the mobile sand dunes had far lower plant coverage (6.3%) and plant biodiversity (two species m−2) than the leeward ones (41.0% and eight species m−2, respectively). Elymus sibiricus L. and Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. were the only two sand-fixing pioneer plants that grew on both the windward and leeward slopes of the mobile sand dunes and had higher plant heights, greater abundance, and more biomass than other plants. Physiological measurements revealed that Elymus sibiricus L. and Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. also had higher photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency. In addition, the stomata density (151–197 number mm−2), length (18–29 μm), and area index (13–19%) of these two pioneer species were smaller than those of the common grassland species in Inner Mongolia, suggesting that they were better adapted to the dry habitat of the mobile sand dunes. These findings not only help in understanding the adaptive strategies of pioneer plants on mobile sand dunes, but also provide practical guidance for sand dune restoration and the sustainable development of local areas. Pioneer sand-fixing plant species that are well adapted to sand dunes can be used for sowing or aerial seeding in sand fixation during ecosystem restoration.

Impact of Vermiwash on the Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata) MI6

Green gram (Vigna radiata) cultivation in Sri Lanka heavily relies on inorganic fertilizers, leading to environmental and health issues that necessitate the exploration of alternatives; therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Adaptive Research Centre in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka, to evaluate the impact of vermiwash on the growth and yield of the green gram variety MI6. Vermiwash was prepared using cow dung, banana fruit waste, mold leaves, and red worms (Eisenia fetida). Six treatments were established in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), including controls such as no fertilizer (T1) and 100% recommended inorganic fertilizer (T2). The remaining treatments combined half-doses of inorganic fertilizer with varying concentrations of vermiwash as a foliar spray: 25% (T3), 50% (T4), 75% (T5), and 100% (T6). The prepared vermiwash had a pH of 7.63 and contained total available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at 0.014%, 0.355%, and 1.500%, respectively. The highest plant height, leaf area index, and number of branches were recorded in T5 (42.13±0.21 cm, 10.48±0.28, and 3.67±0.31, respectively), showing no significant difference (P > 0.05) from T2. The lowest days for 50% of flowering were observed in T5 (42±0). The highest number of pods per plant, pod length, pod girth, seeds per pod, 100 seeds weight, and total yield (27.17±0.78, 11.27±0.17, 2.29±0.02, 12±0.22, 7.18±0.10 g, and 212±1.49 g) were observed in T5, significantly different (P < 0.05) from T2. This study suggests reducing inorganic fertilizer by half and combining it with 75% vermiwash (T5) for optimal growth and yield.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare.L) under North Plain Zone of Dehradun, Uttarakhand

This article as a brief review, give concise information on the “Effect of Integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of barley under north plain zone of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design with 3 Replications and 7 Treatments. Generally analysis of variance shows significant difference between the treatments. Application of T3 75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1 gave higher number of tillers. The higher plant height was obtained from T3 75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1 .Higher spike length, Grain weight, optimum yield and economic return recommended for barley was recorded under T3 75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1 at Dehradun District.

Influence of various organic nutrient management technologies on microbial abundance, growth, and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under field conditions

A field study (three years) was carried out to evaluate the outcome of various organic nutrient management technologies including farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) integrated with chemical fertilizers for microbial dynamics and growth and yield of rice at Experimental Farm of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. The most broadly grown rice variety, NIA-Shandar was selected for this study. The experiment involved integrating organic technologies, specifically Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Poultry Manure (PM), each applied at 10 tons per hectare. These organic technologies were combined with varying levels of inorganic fertilizers: half (60 kg N ha-1 and 45 kg P2O5 ha-1) and full (120 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) recommended doses. Additionally, zinc was applied at 10 kg ha-1. The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to assess treatment effects. Both organic technologies perform better for microbial dynamics and rice growth and yield enhancement either alone technology or combined with chemical fertilizers during three rice seasons. The maximum general microbial abundance (9.70 log10 CFU g soil-1), N2 fixing (7.37 log10 CFU g soil-1), P solubilizing (7.97 log10 CFU g soil-1) and Zn solubilizing(6.75 log10 CFU g soil-1) population was recorded in FYM alone or with half N and P2O5 fertilizer application. The highest plant height (106 cm), tiller numbers(17.10), panicle numbers (26.53), panicle length (26.32 cm), one thousand grainweight (26.53 g) and rice grain yield (7.92 t ha-1) were perceived in FYM with full rate N and P2O5 fertilizer application. Both technologies along with chemical fertilizer induced soil properties and soil nutrients which reflected to increase soil microbial abundance and growth and yield of rice however, FYM showed higher potential than poultry manure during the three years rice cultivation seasons. Hence, it was indicated that a significant contribution to the development of sustainable agricultural technologies that prioritize soil health,environmental stewardship, and food security.

Soil Amendment with Biochar Reduces the Magnitude of Drought Stress in Soybean

Drought stress severely affects plant growth and causes huge economic losses worldwide. The beneficial effect of biochar to improve soil properties and plant growth is well discussed nowadays. To investigate biochar’s potential for drought stress mitigation, a two-factorial pot experiment was conducted. Factor one was drought stress (100% Field capacity (FC), 70% FC, and 40% FC) and another was biochar treatment. Cow dung biochar (CDB) and poultry manure biochar (PMB) was applied at three rates (0, 4 and 8 g pot−1). The experiment was designed following a completely randomized design with four replicates. The results showed that drought deteriorated all the studied parameters whereas biochar application significantly improved all the parameters compared to control treatment. The chlorophyll concentration was maximum at the application of CDB as 8 g pot−1 followed by PMB as 8 g pot−1 at both drought conditions (70% FC and 40% FC). Biochar application significantly improved plant height at 28 and 42 days after sowing and the highest plant height was found at the application CDB as 8 g pot−1 followed by PMB as 8 g pot−1. The highest leaflet number was found at the application of CDB at a rate of 8 g pot−1. On average, the root length and biomass at 70% and 40% FC was the highest at the application of 8 g CDB pot−1 which was 28.66% and 61.59% higher, respectively over control. The application of CDB at a rate of 8 g pot−1 increased the shoot biomass by 45.35 and 69.52% compared to control at 70% FC and 40% FC, respectively. Therefore, application of biochar could be an option to reduce drought stress in plants. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 317-325, 2024

Impact of bio-pesticides and nitrogenous fertilizer on growth, yield contributing characters and economic attributes of red cabbage in Northern-Eastern part of Punjab

Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) is an important exotic, cool-season vegetable. This research examines the impact of different nitrogen doses combined with various bio-pesticides. The study utilized Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and neem cake as bio-pesticides along with varying nitrogen levels. The combination of 125 kg N ha-¹ and T. harzianum resulted in the highest plant height (36.50 cm), greatest plant spread (81.51 cm), and the shortest time to head initiation (41.11 days). Meanwhile, the combination of 125 kg N ha-¹ and P. fluorescens produced the best equatorial diameter (15.41 cm), polar diameter (17.67 cm), and yield per hectare (501.08 quintals per hectare). The treatment with 125 kg N ha-¹ and P. fluorescens at 10 g per kg of FYM (N2B2) also yielded the highest net return (₹383,449.65) and the best benefitcost ratio (3.07). Based on these results, after on-farm trials, this combination is recommended to growers for improved yield, better growth, and maximum net return per unit area in red cabbage production.

Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa L) Menggunakan Berbagai Sistem Tanam Pada Varietas Yang Berbeda

Rice is the most important food crop in Indonesia. Indonesian people use rice as a daily staple, because rice contains a source of carbohydrates and energy. The aim of the research is to determine the planting systems, varieties and interactions between planting systems and varieties that provide the highest growth and production in rice plants. This research uses a 2 factor factorial design, the first factor is the planting system (S) which consists of 3 treatments: 20 x 20 cm tile planting system (S1), 25 x 25 cm tile planting system (S2), and legowo planting system 2 :1 (S3), the second factor is Variety (V) which consists of 2 treatments, namely the Ciherang Variety (V1) and the Mekongga Variety (V2). The observation parameters are plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of perennial seeds, weight of permalai seeds, weight of 1000 grains, and weight of grain per unit. The research results showed that the Jajar Legowo 2:1 planting system gave the highest average number of tillers, namely 24.8 stems, and the highest number of productive saplings with an average of 18.9 stems. The Ciherang variety has a higher plant height and number of perennial seeds than the Mekongga variety. There is no interaction between planting system and variety.

Morphological traits, yield, antioxidant activity and essential oil composition of oregano as affected by biostimulant foliar applications

Biostimulants are interesting products which can promote the plant growth and improve its qualitative traits. In this research, the effects of foliar applications of four biostimulants on oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) crop have been investigated by evaluating morphological parameters, fresh and dry yield, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and chemical composition of essential oil. The highest plant height (78 cm), inflorescence height (22.2 cm), inflorescences+leaves dry yield (0.5 t ha−1), dry matter yield (38.3 %) and essential oil yield (3.4 %) were obtained in plants treated with biostimulant BlueN®, composted of Methylobacterium symbioticum SB23. Plants treated with Acadian MPE®, containing vitamins, amino acids and proteins, and betaines, showed the highest total phenolic content (60.3 GAE mg mL−1). The combination of 21 traits with principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to discriminate the biostimulant Biostimol Plus plus Peptamin-V Plus®, based on Ascophyllum nodosum extract and other elements as nitrogen, carbon, manganese, zinc and iron chelates, in a correlated way with p-cymene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, β-myrcene contents, showing values significantly higher. The heat-map identified two main clusters where the treatments with biostimulants were clearly separated from the control. Biostimulant treatments influenced the chemical composition of essential oil by increasing the number of components, monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons contents. Therefore, biostimulants can play an important role with a view to sustainable oregano cultivation by representing a safe source of nitrogen and especially for organic farming.

Growth and Yield of Lentil as Influenced by Zinc and Boron Management

A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh, during the period from November 2021 to March 2022 to evaluate the influence of micronutrients management on growth and yield of two lentil varieties viz., BARI Masur-8 (V1) and Binamasur-8 (V2) and 6 micronutrients management (no fertilizer - F1, recommended fertilizer dose (RFD) (40-90-40-55 Kg ha−1 of urea-TSP-MoP-Gypsum) with 10 Kg ha−1 ZnSO4 as basal - F2, RFD with zinc (Zn) as foliar spray - F3, RFD with Zn and boron (B) as foliar spray - F4, 50% RFD + 50% cow dung (5 t ha−1) - F5 and 50% RFD + 50% cow dung + Zn and B as foliar spray - F6). No significant effect had found for variety except 1000-seed weight but micronutrients management along with interactions significantly effects on all studied parameters of lentil. The higher 1000-seed weight (34.16 g) was recorded in BARI Masur-8. The highest plant height (37.09 cm), number of branches plant−1 (7), dry weight of root plant−1 (159.17 mg), dry weight of shoot plant−1 (3319.33 mg) and number of pods plant−1 (62) was observed at F6 treatment. The highest 1000-seed weight (31.68 g) were recorded at F2 treatment. The highest weight of nodules plant−1 (10.33 mg at 60 DAS), seed yield (2.62 t ha−1), straw yield (2.12 t ha−1) and biological yield (4.74 t ha−1) were found at F3 treatment. The highest plant height (38.45 cm), number of branches plant−1 (7), number of pods plant−1 (63), seed yield (2.91 t ha−1) and harvest index (58.65%) were recorded at V2F6 whereas the highest weight of nodules plant-1 (26 mg), straw yield (2.22 t ha−1) and biological yield (5.02 t ha−1) were found at V1F3 but the highest 1000-seed weight (34.87 g) at V1F1. The highest number of seeds pod−1 (1.83) was found at V2F1. So, two varieties showed similar performance on yield. Foliar application of Zn has the potentiality to increase seed yield. The variety Binamasur-8 with 50% RFD + 50% cow dung + Zn and B (F6) as foliar spray could bring maximum yield (2.91 t ha−1) of lentil followed by treatment F2, F3, and F4. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 34-40

Growth and Yield Performance of Mustard and Rapeseed Varieties as Influenced by Different Sowing Techniques

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from November 2013 to February 2014 to investigate mustard and rapeseed varieties' growth and yield performances influenced by different sowing techniques. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The four varieties were BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-13, BARI Sarisha-15, SAU Sarisha 2 (V1, V2, V3, and V4 respectively) and sowing techniques included broadcasting, line Sowing, raised bed, system of mustard intensification (SMI) (S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively). Results showed that the highest plant height (143.58 cm) was achieved at the combination of BARI Sarisha-11 and the raised bed technique (V1S3) at harvest. Though the highest leaf number varied in different varieties, it was produced by the SMI technique. BARI Sarisha-15 and the SMI techniques produced the highest number of primary branches, though BARI Sarisha-11 produced the maximum secondary branches with the same technique. BARI Sarisha-11 performed best at all the DAS regarding dry matter accumulation (g) and the values resulting in 1.07, 11.44, 21.3, and 25.87g. SMI also proved to be the best, except for 30 DAS. The highest seed yield (3.74 t ha−1 and 3.80 t ha−1) was obtained using BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI techniques, respectively. The highest biological yields (12.80 t ha−1 and 12.86 t ha−1) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI technique, respectively. However, the maximum harvest index (34.84% and 32.45%) and highest oil percentages (40.65% and 41.38%) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-15 and line sowing, respectively. As such the var. BARI Sarisha-11 could be expected good yield following the SMI technique Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 86-99