Higher Periodontal Disease Research Articles

The Relationship Between Periodontal Disease (PD) and Recurrent Vascular Events in Ischemic Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Patients: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study

Background In this cohort study, the association between periodontal disease (PD) andrecurrent vascular events was determined among the subjectswithischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), and the extent and severity of periodontal disease were estimated among these subjects. Methods This prospective, longitudinal, hospital-based cohort study included 153 individuals who had a stroke or TIA. They were divided into two groups: high periodontal disease (HPD) (N=55, mean age: 59.40±12.21) and low periodontal disease (LPD) (N=98, mean age: 53.03±12.82). Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were used to measure the severity of the periodontal disease. TOAST criteria were used to determine the ischemic stroke etiology, and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to determine theischemic stroke severity. A follow-up survey found that vascular incidents recurred. Results HPD individualsexhibited a higher median NIHSS (eight) than LPD patients (seven) in a subset of stroke population (N=23). Thirty-eight cardiovascular events occurred in the first three months after enrollment, including 23 strokes and seven TIAs, and five myocardial infarctions(MIs). There were three deaths from vascular causes. There was a non-significant association between PD and composite vascular events (HR 1.06, 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.09, p=0.71). Compound vascular events were not related to severe HPD (HR 1.31, 95 % CI 0.54 to 3.16, p=0.07). Conclusion In stroke/TIA patients, there is no link between high periodontal disease and recurrent vascular episodes. The proportions of stroke subtypes were not substantially differentbetween HPDand LPD.

Periodontal Disease And Type 2 Diabetics Versus Non diabetics In Adhamiyah Sector, Baghdad- Iraq, 2018

Background: periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the gums and the structures supporting the tooth(periodontium and alveolar bone), importance of diabetes mellitus type 2 and their effect on the periodontal disease andthe need further study about this subject.Objective: To compare the periodontal status of a group of diabetic patient with non-diabetic group.Material and method: case control study, 105 type 2 diabetics and 105 non diabetic(mean age: 50.47+_11.67) wereexamined in primary health center in AL-Adhamiyah sector, from the period 1 March 2018 until 1 July 2018, theperiodontal parameters were recorded, the plaque index (PI),gingival index (GI), Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinicalattachment level (CAL) and missing teeth these parameters were evaluated in a randomized half mouth examination.Result: Diabetics highly significant in PI(p=0.0001), GI(p=0.0001), CAL(p=0.0001) , PPD(p=0.0001) and missingteeth(p=0.0001).Conclusion: this study showed that diabetics had more severe and higher periodontal disease, diabetics and their healthcare givers should be informed of these findings so that diabetic patient can seek early management of periodontal disease.

Oral Health Status of Underground Coal Mine Workers of Ramakrishnapur, Adilabad District, Telangana, India - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Standard of living and quality of life of people has been improved by the expanding industrial activity, but at the other end it has created many occupational hazards. Coal mining is one of the major age old industries throughout the world and in India. Till date very less literature is available worldwide and in India concerning the oral health status of laborers in this field. To assess the oral health status of underground coal mine workers, oral hygiene practices, alcohol and tobacco habits. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the underground coal mine workers of a coal mine located in Adilabad district, Telangana, according to the criteria described in the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment form (2013). Descriptive statistics were done. A total of 356 workers participated in the study. Ninety percent of the subjects were with tobacco and/or alcohol habits. Dental caries was prevalent in more than half (55.6%) of the study subjects with a mean DMFT of 2.32±2.99. About 48.3% study subjects were with untreated dental caries and 20.3% subjects were with missing teeth. DMFT ≤=6 was seen in 45.5% of subjects and 10.1% have DMFT scores ≥=7. Periodontal disease was the most prevalent condition seen in the population with 94.4% subjects having unhealthy periodontium in terms of gingival bleeding and/or periodontal pockets. About 186 (52.25%) and 145 (40.73%) of subjects were with 0-3mm and 4-5mm loss of attachment respectively. Fourteen percent of population showed dental traumatic injuries. The findings highlighted the high caries prevalence, higher periodontal disease, traumatic injuries which requires immediate intervention.

중·노년의 대사증후군과 구강질환 관련성

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between metabolic syndrome and oral diseases in the middle aged and elderly in Korea. Methods: The study subjects were 6,390 people over 40 years old from 2010 and 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey questionnaire consisted of health, nutrition, and oral examination surveys. The independent variables included general characteristics, health behavior, oral health behavior, and metabolic syndrome. The dependent variables included dental caries experience and periodontal disease. The oral examination was carried out by the dentist based on World Health Organization standard. Results: The average prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome MS was 23.79%, including 54.84% of risk group and 21.37% of normal group. The missing teeth rate was 82.38%, DMFT rate was 90.28% and the periodontal disease rate was 33.15%. Those having abnormal fasting blood glucose had 1.17 fold(95% CI: 1.00~1.37) higher periodontal disease than the normal group. The abnormal HDL cholesterol group had 1.25 times higher odds ratio(95% CI: 1.07~1.46) and the obese group had 1.27 times higher odds ratio(95% CI: 1.07~1.51). The risk group had 1.20 times higher odds ration(95% CI: 1.00~1.44) and that of the metabolic syndrome group was 1.60 times higher(95% CI: 1.29~1.97) in periodontal disease. The high blood pressure group had 1.25 times of missing teeth prevalence rate(95% CI: 1.00~1.37). The metabolic syndrome group had 1.47 times of missing teeth prevalence rate(95% CI: 1.11~1.94). Conclusions: The middle aged and elderly people in Korea had higher rate of metabolic syndrome and oral disease. It is necessary to implement the preventive oral health examination for the control of metabolic syndrome and oral diseases prevalence.

Periodontal Disease and Recurrent Vascular Events in Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack Patients

Periodontal disease (PD) has been shown to be associated with incident stroke. We investigated whether PD is independently associated with recurrent vascular events and certain inflammatory markers in stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. In this prospective, longitudinal, hospital-based cohort study, PD was assessed in stroke/TIA patients. High periodontal disease (HPD) was defined as the highest tertile of extent (% of sites) with an attachment loss of 5 mm or more. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (s-ICAM) were measured. The patients were followed for recurrent vascular events-stroke, TIA, myocardial infarction, and vascular death. In the 106 patients who were evaluated, 40 (38%) showed HPD and 27 (26%) had recurrent vascular events over a median of 24 months (range, 12-24 months). HPD patients had higher levels of IL-6 (P=.01) and s-ICAM (P=.03). HPD was associated with recurrent vascular events before (log-rank P=.01; hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.7) and after adjustment for significant confounders-age and stroke status (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.5; P=.03); adjustment for possible confounders-age, male, years of education, and cardioembolic strokes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5; P=.02); and adjustment for propensity score that accounted for all potential measured confounders (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5; P=.02). There is an independent association between HPD and recurrent vascular events in stroke/TIA patients. HPD is also associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 and s-ICAM.

Dental Health among Green Marble Mine Laborers, India

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the oral health status among Green Marble Mine laborers; to provide epidemiological data for planning and evaluation of oral health care programme.MethodsThe study area was divided into 4 geographic zones, and participants were selected by stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 513 subjects were included in final study which were divided among the four age cohort (18-25, 26-34, 35-44, 45-more respectively), following the guidelines for research methodology recommended by WHO oral health surveys 1997. Clinical examination was conducted by one of the three examiners with the aid of an artificial light sorce. The agreement (kappa statistics) for diagnosis of DMFT and CPI was determined (field teams versus expert) 91.2 % two days prior to the examination. Data was analyzed using Bivariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe mean DMFT and DMFS scores were (2.79±2.44) and (5.47±5.40) respectively. The caries prevalence was 71.1% with maximum in 25-34 years while 148 participants were caries free. A higher prevalence of periodontal disease was present with only 1.75% having healthy gingiva. Mean number of sextant involved was maximum among 35-44 years. Alcohol and Stress due to physical load and noisy environment among laborers have shown highly significant relationship with CPI scores (P<0.001). Fracture of tooth, mainly maxillary central incisor was high (10.5%) as an occupational peril.ConclusionsThe findings highlighted the low caries prevalence, higher periodontal disease which requires primary anticipation. Prevention of tooth fracture and improvement of overall nutritional status, with stress reduction protocol should also be given consideration.

Longitudinal study of vaginal flora: Increasing periodontal disease (PD) burden is associated with increased risk for bacterial vaginosis (BV)

(PD) BURDEN IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS (BV) WILLIAM ANDREWS, MARJORIE JEFFCOAT, JANE SCHWEBKE, MARK KLEBANOFF, JUN ZHANG, SUZANNE CLIVER, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Birmingham, Alabama, University of Pennsylvania, Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Bethesda, Maryland, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between PD burden and risk of BV. STUDY DESIGN: The Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora included nonpregnant women who underwent extensive evaluation of the vaginal flora every three months for one year. In this secondary analysis, BV was defined using both Nugent’s and Amsel’s criteria. A dental examination was performed at the first study visit. PD at any of 168 dental sites (6/tooth) was defined as clinical attachment loss (CAL) of R4 mm. RESULTS: Dental exams were performed on 3540 (98%) of 3620 study subjects. At the first visit, 41% (n=1438) had Amsel-BV and 40% (n=1438) had Nugent-BV. 25% had PD at R1 site and 5% at O25 sites. Compared to BV-negative women, the number of dental sites was significantly higher in women with Nugent-BV (Wilcoxon p=.002) and Amsel-BV (Wilcoxon p=.008). The number of sites with PD were categorized as 0 (n=2309), 1-2 (n=319), 3-25 (n=726), 26-75 (n=148), and R76 (n=38). As the number of sites with PD (R4 mm CAL) increased, so did the risk of both Nugent-BV (Mantel-Haenszel [M-H] p=.0005) and Amsel-BV (M-H p=.0009). Increasing numbers of PD sites were significantly associated with higher Mobiluncus (M-H p!.0001) and Gardnerella/Bacteroides (M-H p=.019), but not Lactobacillus Nugent scores (M-H p=.140). Increasing numbers of PD sites were significantly associated with amine odor (M-H p!.0001), homogeneous discharge (M-H p=.016), clue cells (M-H p=.019), vaginal pHO4.5 (M-H p=.0003) and T. vaginalis (M-H p=.0002). After adjusting for confounders associated with PD, high PD burden was associated with increased risk of Nugent-BV (26-75 sites: OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.0-2.0 and R76 sites: OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.04-4.0) and Amsel-BV (26-75 sites: OR=1.1, 95%CI=0.8-1.6 and R76 sites: OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.2-4.9). CONCLUSION: Increasing burden of periodontal disease is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of bacterial vaginosis.