Higher Percentage Of Neutrophils Research Articles

Identification of circulating microbial DNA and its association with kidney function in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Recently, substantial studies have been accumulated to indicate the important role of gut microbiota in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The abnormal change of bacterial-derived products could imply specific injuries or play beneficial or harmful roles in DKD progression. In this study, we examined the presence and contribution of the Klebsiella oxytoca gene in the circulation of patients with DKD. We enrolled a total of 16 healthy participants, 17 patients with DKD, 5 patients with DKD requiring haemodialysis (HD), and 7 patients with CKD without diabetes. Bacterial-derived DNA (16S rDNA and a specific K. oxytoca gene) in the blood was detected using droplet digital PCR, then investigated the relationship with clinical characteristics. We identified an increase in K. oxytoca genes in the blood of DKD patients. Interestingly, blood K. oxytoca copies and K. oxytoca/ 16S DNA ratio correlated with higher blood creatinine and BUN levels together with lower eGFR in DKD patients. K. oxytoca levels were also associated with higher neutrophil percentage, lower lymphocyte frequency, and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Collectively, the presence of the K. oxytoca gene in the circulation could serve as a biomarker reflecting reduced renal function in DKD patients.

Molecular characterization of human adenovirus associated with pediatric severe acute respiratory infections in a tertiary care hospital in North East India

PurposeThe present study explored the molecular characterization of human Adenovirus (HAdV) and its strains among hospitalized SARI cases in the pediatric unit of a tertiary care hospital in North-East India.MethodsNasal and throat swabs were collected from 70 patients of Pediatric Unit, of a tertiary hospital in NE India from April 2023-October 2023. The samples were screened for the presence of HAdV using an adenovirus-specific Real-Time PCR Kit. For molecular characterization, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed by targeting the hexon gene of HAdV followed by post-sequencing analysis.ResultsOverall, 18.57% (13/70) of samples were positive for HAdV. In context of the severity of illness, 3/13 adenovirus-positive patients (23.07%) died after hospitalization, had severe pneumonia among which two were of less than one year of age. Molecular characterization using NGS indicated that 4/13 individuals were infected with HAdV-B type 3 and 5/13 patients were infected with HAdV type 7. Notably, 4/7 cases of severe pneumonia were under five years of age and associated with HAdV type 7 infection. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutation (dN/dS) was comparatively low in HAdV type 7 positive samples (dN/dS=0.31). No non-synonymous mutation was observed in HAdV-B type 3 positive samples. The higher neutrophil percentage among the death cases suggested an acute immune response.ConclusionThe study demonstrated HAdV type 7 and HAdV-B type 3 as strains associated with pediatric SARI cases from April 2023-October 2023. Further, HAdV type 7 infection was primarily linked with lower respiratory tract infections mainly severe pneumonia.

Exploring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 receptors, limiting treatment options primarily to chemotherapy due to lack of targeted therapies typically used for other breast cancer types, hence necessitating research for improved therapeutic strategies and outcomes. The neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, absolute counts, and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes were evaluated in peripheral blood of 81 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 25 healthy controls. This study observed trend of high neutrophil percentage was observed in patients with positive lymph node status as compared to negative lymph node status. Significant high absolute neutrophil count was observed in patients with positive LN status, High BR score and presence of metastasis. A trend of high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was observed in patients with presence of perineural invasion, presence of necrosis, and patients with presence of metastasis.

Correlation of gasdermin B staining patterns with prognosis, progression, and immune response in colorectal cancer

BackgroundPyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by the gasdermin family. Gasdermin B (GSDMB), as a member of gasdermin family, can promote the occurrence of cell pyroptosis. However, the correlations of the GSDMB expression in colorectal cancer with clinicopathological predictors, immune microenvironment, and prognosis are unclear.MethodsSpecimens from 267 colorectal cancer cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to determine GSDMB expression, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and S100A8+ immune cells. GSDMB expression in cancer cells was scored in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus respectively. GSDMB+ immune cell density was calculated. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. The association of GSDMB expression with other clinicopathological variables and immune cells were also analyzed. Double immunofluorescence was used to identify the nature of GSDMB+ immune cells. Cytotoxicity assays and sensitivity assays were performed to detect the sensitivity of cells to 5-fluorouracil.ResultsMultivariate survival analysis showed that cytoplasmic GSDMB expression was an independent favorable prognostic indicator. Patients with positive cytoplasmic or nuclear GSDMB expression would benefit from 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. The assays in vitro showed that high GSDMB expression enhanced the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Patients with positive membranous or nuclear GSDMB expression had more abundant S100A8+ immune cells in the tumor invasive front. Positive nuclear GSDMB expression indicated more CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, GSDMB+ immune cell density in the stroma was associated with a higher neutrophil percentage but a lower lymphocyte counts and monocyte percentage in peripheral blood. Furthermore, the results of double immunofluorescence showed that GSDMB co-expressed with CD68 or S100A8 in stroma cells.ConclusionThe GSDMB staining patterns are linked to its role in cancer progression, the immune microenvironment, systemic inflammatory response, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and prognosis. Colorectal cancer cells with high GSDMB expression are more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. However, GSDMB expression in immune cells has different effects on cancer progression from that in cancer cells.

Characteristic changes in blood routine and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in recipients of different types of rejection.

Rejection remains the most important factor limiting the survival of transplanted kidneys. Although a pathological biopsy of the transplanted kidney is the gold standard for diagnosing rejection, its limitations prevent it from being used as a routine monitoring method. Recently, peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation testing has become an important means of assessing the body's immune system, however, its application value and strategy in the field of kidney transplantation need further exploration. Additionally, the development and utilization of routine test parameters are also important methods for exploring diagnostic strategies and predictive models for kidney transplant diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), as well as their diagnostic value, in conjunction with routine blood tests. A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to December, 2021, were selected as the study subjects. They were assigned into a stable group, a TCMR group, and an ABMR group, based on the occurrence and type of rejection. The basic and clinical data of these recipients were retrospectively analyzed and compared among the 3 groups. The transplant kidney function, routine blood tests, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation data of the TCMR group and the ABMR group before rejection treatment were compared with those of the stable group. The stable, TCMR group, and ABMR group showed no statistically significant differences in immunosuppressive maintenance regimens or sources of transplanted kidneys (all P>0.05). However, the post-transplant duration was significantly longer in the ABMR group compared with the stable group (P<0.001) and the TCMR group (P<0.05). Regarding kidney function, serum creatinine levels in the ABMR group were higher than in the stable group and the TCMR group (both P<0.01), with the TCMR group also showing higher levels than the stable group (P<0.01). Both TCMR and ABMR groups had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen levels than the stable group (P<0.01), with no statistically significant difference between TCMR and ABMR groups (P>0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in both TCMR and ABMR groups compared with the stable group (both P<0.01). In routine blood tests, the ABMR group had lower hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and platelet count than the stable group (all P<0.05). The TCMR group had higher neutrophil percentage (P<0.05) and count (P<0.05) than the stable group, and the ABMR group had a higher neutrophil percentage than the stable group (P<0.05). The eosinophil percentage and count in the TCMR group were lower than in the stable and ABMR groups (all P<0.05). Both TCMR and ABMR groups had lower basophil percentage and count, as well as lower lymphocyte percentage and count, compared with the stable group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in monocyte percentage and count among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). In lymphocyte subpopulations, the TCMR and ABMR groups had lower counts of CD45+ cells and T cells compared with the stable group (all P<0.05). The TCMR group also had lower counts of CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells than the stable group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the T cell percentage, CD4+ T cell percentage, CD8+ T cell percentage and their counts, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, NK cell percentage, and B cell percentage among the stable, TCMR, and ABMR groups (all P>0.05). The occurrence of rejection leads to impaired transplant kidney function, accompanied by characteristic changes in some parameters of routine blood tests and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in kidney transplant recipients. The different characteristics of changes in some parameters of routine blood tests and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations during TCMR and ABMR may help predict and diagnose rejection and differentiate between TCMR and ABMR.

Systemic risk factors of retinopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

To investigate the risk factors of lupus retinopathy (LR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. LR patients admitted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2013 to April 2023 were reviewed. Age- and gender-matched SLE patients without retinopathy were selected as controls. Medical records including clinical manifestations, laboratory data and ophthalmic examination were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. One hundred and twelve LR patients (198 eyes) were included, with 12 cases (14 eyes) presenting with retinal macrovascular obstruction, and 100 cases (184 eyes) only exhibiting microvasculopathy. Multivariate analysis indicated the presence of haemolytic anaemia, decreased haemoglobin (HGB) and higher relative percentage of neutrophils were independent risk factors for LR (p < 0.05). The first two were also risk factors for retinal microvasculopathy, whereas secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was for macrovascular obstruction. In male group, LR had significant associations with decreased HGB, no matter which types of retinopathy (p < 0.05). In female group, LR was significantly associated with haemolytic anaemia, presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, decreased white blood cells and relative high percentage of neutrophils. Specifically, haemolytic anaemia (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with retinal microvasculopathy, and APS (p = 0.003) was significantly associated with macrovasculature obstruction. LR was related to haemolytic anaemia, decreased HGB levels and higher percentage of neutrophils. Retinal microvasculopathy accounted for most cases and macrovasculature obstructions were rare. Male and female patients have distinct risk factors. Early ophthalmic screening is recommended especially for those with risk factors of LR.

Leading determinants of incident dementia among individuals with and without the apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundLittle is known regarding the leading risk factors for dementia/Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals with and without APOE4. The identification of key risk factors for dementia/Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals with and without the APOE4 gene is of significant importance in global health.MethodsOur analysis included 110,354 APOE4 carriers and 220,708 age- and sex-matched controls aged 40–73 years at baseline (between 2006–2010) from UK Biobank. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient, or death records until January 2021. Individuals of non-European ancestry were excluded. Furthermore, individuals without medical record linkage were excluded from the analysis. Moderation analysis was tested for 134 individual factors.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 4,764 cases of incident all-cause dementia and 2065 incident AD cases were documented. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all-cause dementia and AD associated with APOE4 were 2.70(2.55–2.85) and 3.72(3.40–4.07), respectively. In APOE4 carriers, the leading risk factors for all-cause dementia included low self-rated overall health, low household income, high multimorbidity risk score, long-term illness, high neutrophil percentage, and high nitrogen dioxide air pollution. In non-APOE4 carriers, the leading risk factors included high multimorbidity risk score, low overall self-rated health, low household income, long-term illness, high microalbumin in urine, high neutrophil count, and low greenspace percentage. Population attributable risk for these individual risk factors combined was 65.1%, and 85.8% in APOE4 and non-APOE4 carriers, respectively. For 20 risk factors including multimorbidity risk score, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and particulate matter air pollutants, their associations with incident dementia were stronger in non-APOE4 carriers. For only 2 risk factors (mother’s history of dementia, low C-reactive protein), their associations with incident all-cause dementia were stronger in APOE4 carriers.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for personalized preventative approaches to dementia/AD in APOE4 and non-APOE4 carriers. A mother’s history of dementia and low levels of C-reactive protein were more important risk factors of dementia in APOE4 carriers whereas leading risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle habits, multimorbidity risk score, inflammation and immune-related markers were more predictive of dementia in non-APOE4 carriers.

Bariatric Surgery Induces Alterations in the Immune Profile of Peripheral Blood T Cells.

Low-grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity and obesity-related comorbidities; therefore, immune cells have become an important topic in obesity research. Here, we performed a deep phenotypic characterization of circulating T cells in people with obesity, using flow cytometry. Forty-one individuals with obesity (OB) and clinical criteria for bariatric surgery were enrolled in this study. We identified and quantified 44 different circulating T cell subsets and assessed their activation status and the expression of immune-checkpoint molecules, immediately before (T1) and 7-18 months after (T2) the bariatric surgery. Twelve age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (nOB) were also recruited. The OB participants showed higher leukocyte counts and a higher percentage of neutrophils. The percentage of circulating Th1 cells were negatively correlated to HbA1c and insulin levels. OB Th1 cells displayed a higher activation status and lower PD-1 expression. The percentage of Th17 and Th1/17 cells were increased in OB, whereas the CD4+ Tregs' percentage was decreased. Interestingly, a higher proportion of OB CD4+ Tregs were polarized toward Th1- and Th1/17-like cells and expressed higher levels of CCR5. Bariatric surgery induced the recovery of CD4+ Treg cell levels and the expansion and activation of Tfh and B cells. Our results show alterations in the distribution and phenotype of circulating T cells from OB people, including activation markers and immune-checkpoint proteins, demonstrating that different metabolic profiles are associated to distinct immune profiles, and both are modulated by bariatric surgery.

The spatiotemporal distribution and prognostic factors of Japanese encephalitis in Shanxi Province, China, 2005-2022.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a naturally occurring localized disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, which is spread by the Culex tritaeniorhynchus. China has a high rate of JE. Shanxi, located in North China, has a high prevalence of adult JE. Adult JE has more severe complications, mortality, and a higher disease burden, making it a public health issue. This retrospective study examined the dynamic epidemic changes, high-risk areas of JE, and clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of adult JE in Shanxi Province. The findings revealed that July to September was the primary epidemic season of JE and that JE cases were mainly in individuals over the age of 40. The incidence of JE from 2005 to 2022 demonstrated a positive spatial correlation with significant clustering characteristics, with high-incidence clusters in the south and southeast. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, higher white blood cell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, deep coma, and lower albumin were independent factors for poor prognosis of adult JE. The developed risk prediction model holds great promise in early prognosis assessment of patients, providing a basis for clinical decision-making and early clinical intervention.

Housing conditions of dry cows: effects on teat contamination and somatic cells at the beginning of the subsequent lactation

The study investigated the effects of housing conditions and temperature-humidity index (THI) during the dry period on total bacteria counts of bedding material, animal cleanliness, and teat bacterial contamination on 212 cows from three farms. Additionally, milk yield, quality, total somatic cells, and leucocyte fractions were evaluated in the subsequent lactation on a subgroup of 119 cows. The results showed a relationship between persistent high THI, teat bacterial contamination, and pathogens on teat skin. Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk at the beginning of the next lactation was not affected by THI during the dry period. Multiple correlation analysis revealed a relationship among high milk SCC, high percentage of neutrophils, high bacterial count of bedding during the dry period, and high milk production at dry-off. The study confirms that critical environmental conditions, such as high THI and poor bedding hygiene, during the dry period, can affect teat bacterial contamination and increase the risks for high SCC in the next lactation. High milk production at dry-off may be another risk factor.

Factors associated with the time required for CRP normalization in pyogenic spondylitis: A retrospective observational study

BackgroundTreatment for pyogenic spondylitis tends to be prolonged; however, few studies have examined the factors associated with the time required for infection control. Therefore, we analyzed a consecutive cohort of patients to identify factors associated with the time required to control infection in pyogenic spondylitis. This study aimed to clarify the factors linked to the duration necessary for achieving infection control in cases of pyogenic spondylitis, using CRP normalization as an indicator. MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we investigated 108 patients diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis. We evaluated the number of days from the first visit to CRP normalization; for cases wherein CRP did not normalize, the number of days to the date of final blood sampling was evaluated. In the present study, infection control in pyogenic spondylitis was defined as a CRP falling within the normal range (≤0.14 mg/dL). We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify various factors associated with the time required for CRP normalization in pyogenic spondylitis. ResultsThe mean time required for CRP normalization was 148 days. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the serum creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, CRP level, CRP-albumin ratio, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly associated with the time required to control infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a higher neutrophil percentage, diabetes mellitus, and a lower eGFR were the independent factors associated with a longer infection control time. ConclusionsWe found that a higher neutrophil percentage, diabetes mellitus, and a lower eGFR were significantly associated with a longer time for CRP normalization in pyogenic spondylitis. These findings may help identify patients with pyogenic spondylitis who are at a high risk for an extended infection control period.

Lymphocyte immunophenotyping and concentration of MMP-9 in transudates and exudates in horses

This study is the first to provide information on the lymphocyte subpopulations in peritoneal effusions in horses. Peritoneal transudates (n = 12), peritoneal exudates (n = 6) and a pleural exudate (n = 1) were analyzed. The total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration determined by ELISA were measured and routine cytological evaluation was performed. CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD21 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. A higher percentage of neutrophils (P < 0.05) and higher MMP-9 (P < 0.01) levels were found in exudates. A higher percentage of macrophages (P < 0.05) and lymphocytes (P < 0.01) were found in transudates. CD4 + lymphocytes were the most common lymphocyte subpopulation in all samples. CD21 + lymphocytes were the least common in all samples. A large variability in the percentage of CD21 + lymphocytes was found in exudates. The percentage of CD21 + lymphocytes positively correlated with the level of total protein (r = 0.5704, P < 0.05). The correlation was even stronger in the group of exudates. The percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations did not correlate with the level of MMP-9 or with cytological findings. The level of MMP-9 positively correlated with the percentage of neutrophils (r = 0.4980, P < 0.05), the level of TP (r = 0.7855, P < 0.01) and TNCC (r = 0.6129, P < 0.01). A significantly higher level of MMP-9 was detected in euthanized horses than in horses that survived (P < 0.05). However, it was shown that the level of MMP-9 in the peritoneal fluid can change significantly in a short time. More studies on repeated abdominocentesis could contribute to elucidating the role of MMP-9 as a prognostic indicator.

Cytokines’ profile of the low-volume uterine lavage in mares with normal postpartum and septic metritis

Even though metritis is one of the most common puerperal diseases in mares, there is a lack of information with regard to the condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokines’ profile in uterine fluid collected with low volume lavage (LVL) from mares with normal postpartum period (PPP) (group 1; N=11) and from mares with septic metritis (group 2; N=12). Septic metritis was defined as the presence of hyperthermia (>38.5°C), depression, an enlarged and an excessive amount of variably echogenic uterine fluid. Mares were treated with oxytetracycline IV q12 h for 5 days, high volume uterine lavage with saline q12 h until necessary. In group 1, LVL was performed 36-48 hours after parturition (T1) and then after 2 days (T2). In group 2, LVL was performed when evidence of septic metritis appeared and then after 2 days of treatment. The samples were centrifuged, the supernatant was removed and stored at -80°C until analysis. Cytokines were measured simultaneously, using Equine Cytokine/Chemokine Panel (Merck-Millipore), based on xMAP technology. Analyzed cytokines were monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (INF)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukins (IL)-1β, 1α, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18. Data are given as median in pg/mL. Differences between groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and between sample times by Wilcoxontest. In group 2, the concentration of most cytokines was larger than in group 1: IL-6 (2256.3 vs 188.2; p<0.01), IL-8 (94.8 vs 72.1; p<0.05), IL-1β (13738.7 vs 16.5; p<0.01), TNF-α (393.2 vs 0.4; p<0.05), INF-γ (224.5 vs 31.6; p<0.05), IL-10 (39.5 vs 7.9; p<0.05). The concentrations of IL-18, IL-13, and FGF-2 did not differ between groups, while IL-1α, 2, 4, 5, MCP-1 and GM-CSF were not detectable. In group 1 there was an increase (p<0.05) in IL-10, IL-5 and IL-18, while in group 2 there was no difference between T1 and T2. All mares with septic metritis recovered well and without any complications. Results suggest that, although an inflammatory response is already present in mares with normal PPP to ensure a proper endometrial regeneration and uterine involution, it is stronger in mares with septic metritis. In both groups, a high percentage (>60%) of neutrophils was detected, suggesting that in physiologic uterine involution, an inflammatory response is required. In agreement with findings from cattle, more neutrophils than monocytes and macrophages are recruited. An intense inflammatory response persists for at least 4 days. It should be noted that metritis was treated without any empirical use of intrauterine antibiotics as suggested by the WHO.

Relationship between Antithrombin III Activity and Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

We aimed to explore the role of antithrombin III (AT-III) activity in diagnosing patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and chronic bronchitis, and its relationship with all-cause mortality of AECOPD patients. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of the factors determining all-cause mortality. We recruited 279 patients with AECOPD and 91 with chronic bronchitis. On admission, patients with AECOPD had lower AT-III activity (80.7 vs. 86.35%, p = 0.002) and higher neutrophil percentages (70.12 vs. 66.40%, p = 0.02) than those with chronic bronchitis. The patients who died were older (78 vs. 73 years, p < 0.001); had higher CRP (39.05 vs. 5.65 mg/L, p < 0.001), D-dimer (1.72 vs. 0.46 mg/L, p < 0.001), FIB (3.56 vs. 3.05 g/L, p = 0.01) levels; and exhibited lower AT-III activity (71.29 vs. 82.94%, p < 0.001) than the survivors. The AT-III area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting COPD all-cause mortality was 0.75 (p < 0.001), optimal cutoff point 79.75%, sensitivity 86.8%, and specificity 57.1%. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that increased levels of CRP (HR = 1.005, p = 0.02), D-dimer (HR = 1.17, p = 0.01), WBC count (HR = 1.11, p = 0.002), and reduced AT-III activity (HR = 0.97, p = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors for all-cause mortality. Patients with AT-III ≤ 79.75% were 4.52 times (p = 0.001) more likely to die than those with AT-III > 79.75%. AT-III activity was lower in patients with AECOPD than in those with chronic bronchitis and is potentially useful as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with AECOPD: reduced AT-III activity and increased CRP and D-dimer levels indicate a higher risk of all-cause mortality.

Evaluation of haematological variables in patients with typhoid in Pakistan

Typhoid fever results in significant hepatic problems and biochemical abnormalities. The most effective diagnostic procedure now is the bacterial culture, but serologic tests are still often used, and a speedy and accurate diagnostic test for typhoid fever is still required. Objectives: To examine the haematological parameters between typhoid patients and healthy individuals to find any distinctive parameters that could be used as typhoid fever diagnostic indicators. Methods: This study set out to compare haematological changes in 550 patients with 550 healthy persons. Results: We found low hemoglobin (8.95±1.43), low hematocrit (32.62±5.38), high ESR (53.89±9.21), high platelet count (482003±86792), high WBCs count (14464±1694), high neutrophil percentage (63.60±9.26), low lymphocyte percentage (25.33±2.93), and high NLCR (2.498±0.45) against the healthy control group. Conclusions: This distinctive pattern can be easily obtained using a minimally invasive method and used to diagnose typhoid fever.

The effect of age on the clinical characteristics and innate immune cell function in the patients with abdominal sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection that compromises organ health, and abdominal sepsis is a commonly presenting critical illness in intensive care units (ICU). In this study, we investigate the effect of age on clinical sepsis characteristics and innate immune cells (neutrophils and monocytes) functionality in abdominal sepsis patients. We recruited 32 patients with abdominal sepsis from the Beijing Ditan Hospital’s ICU from February 2021 to September 2021, and selected 18 healthy volunteers that were age- and sex-matched as controls for a prospective cohort study. Elderly abdominal sepsis patients (age >65 years) had the following altered characteristics compared to nonelderly patient controls: lower mean arterial pressure, monocytes percentage, and red blood cell volume distribution width (p < 0.05); higher neutrophils percentage and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (p < 0.05); significantly increased monocyte-produced reactive oxygen (p < 0.05); increases neutrophilic secretion of TNF-α, as well as lower monocytic secretion of TNF-α (p < 0.05); higher neutrophil percentage (which was significantly higher in peripheral blood than monocyte percentage). Elderly patients also had significantly increased phagocytic activity in their neutrophils and monocytes (p < 0.05), significantly reduced neutrophils-produced reactive oxygen (p < 0.001), and significantly increased TNF-α secretion by monocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.05). We found that elderly patients have decreased immune cell function and increased release of cytokines compared to younger patients, suggesting individualized treatment plans targeting the elderly septic microenvironment could help prevent organ failure in elderly septic patients and improves patient survival.

High-Concentration Intravenous Immunoglobulin May Influence the Course of Fever and Rate of Reported Treatment Resistance in Children With Kawasaki Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

BackgroundIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) is defined as persistent or recrudescent fever ≥36 hours after IVIG infusion. We have experienced an increase in IVIG resistance in patients with KD since the substitution of 10% IVIG for 5% IVIG. This study aimed to determine the independent association between increased IVIG resistance and 10% IVIG therapy.MethodsMedical records of pediatric patients with KD were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients receiving 5% IVIG therapy and those receiving 10% IVIG therapy. Between IVIG-responsive and IVIG-resistant patients, a multivariate analysis was performed to determine the independent factors for IVIG resistance.ResultsA total of 119 patients were included in this study: 81 (68.1%) and 38 (31.9%) patients received 5% and 10% IVIG therapy, respectively. IVIG resistance was identified in 34 (28.6%) patients: 44.7% of patients receiving 10% IVIG therapy and 21.0% of patients receiving 5% IVIG therapy (p = 0.008). The clinical manifestations and outcomes were comparable between patients who received 5% IVIG therapy and those who received 10% IVIG therapy. IVIG resistance was significantly associated with fewer fever days at IVIG administration (p = 0.032), a higher percentage of neutrophils (p = 0.013), and 10% IVIG treatment (p = 0.004) in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion10% IVIG therapy was significantly associated with increased reporting of IVIG resistance. However, the increase in patients with fever patterns consistent with IVIG resistance seemed to represent adverse febrile reactions resulting from using high-concentration IVIG rather than increased severity of KD.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40272-022-00537-8.

P11.43.B The impact of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio on survival in patients affected by brain metastases and treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Abstract Background The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker for host systemic inflammation. Elevated NLR may result from neutrophilia, lymphopenia or both and is associated with poor prognosis and treatment responses in various malignant tumors, such as breast, gastric, colorectal and lung cancer. It was found that in patients treated with GK-SRS for brain metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), median survival was significantly longer in patients with NLR &amp;lt; 5 at the time of radiosurgery and after treatment (within 1 month from SRS). High percentage of neutrophils, low percentage of lymphocytes and elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were predictive of poor OS in patients with brain metastases. Further evidences are needed to support and better define these findings. Material and Methods We retrospectively examined 111 consecutive patients with BMs from NSCLC (95 patients) and melanoma (16 patients) treated with GK-SRS. A total of 695 lesions were treated (median lesion number per patient 6; range 1-18), the median volume was 0.108 cc (range 0.004-33.44 cc). NLR was calculated using N/L, where N and L, respectively, refer to peripheral blood neutrophils (N) and lymphocyte (L) counts at the timepoint nearest to the SRS treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis described the survival time according to NLR. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to confirm the impact of NLR on overall survival. Results Median (IQR) age at diagnosis of brain metastases was 64 yrs (55-70), median (IQR) NLR was 6.7 (1.3-32), and median (IQR) overall survival was 13.5 months (1-42). At univariable Cox-regression analyses, lower NLR was associated with improved overall survival (HR: 1.05; p=0.004). Total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were not associated with improved overall survival (all p&amp;gt;0.1). At multivariable Cox regression analyses, after adjusting for patient age, sex and the use of DEX therapy, NLR represented an independent predictor of overall survival (HR: 1.06; p=0.003). Conclusion NLR represents an independent prognostic factor in patients affected by BMs from NSCLC and melanoma. Inflammation and immunity may play a critical role in these patients. Further analysis examining more specific neutrophils or lymphocytes subsets may increase our understanding of cancer etiology and progression.

High neutrophil percentage and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute phase of ischemic stroke predict cognitive impairment: A single-center retrospective study in China.

Background and aimsRecently, various hemocyte and blood cell ratios have garnered researchers' attention, as a low-cost, widely prevalent, and easy-to-measure index for diagnosing and predicting disease. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effect and predictive value of the peripheral blood neutrophil percentage and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (AIS) in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).MethodsWe selected 454 patients with mild AIS and acquired general clinical data. The patients were divided into PSCI and post-stroke no cognitive impairment (PSNCI) groups according to their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores. We assessed whether there were differences in clinical data, peripheral blood neutrophil percentage, and NLR values between the different groups. We also analyzed the independent influences on the occurrence of PSCI using a binary logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of the above inflammatory indicators and models containing different inflammatory indicators for PSCI.ResultsIn total, 454 patients were included, of whom 253 (55.7%) patients were in the PSCI group, with a mean age of 62.15 ± 7.34 years and median neutrophil percentage and NLR of 0.64 (0.32–0.95) and 2.39 (0.71–54.46), respectively. Both neutrophil percentage (adjusted OR = 1.025; 95% confidence interval: 1.005–1.406) and NLR as a categorical variable (Q5, adjusted OR = 2.167; 95% CI: 1.127–4.166) were independent risk factors for PSCI, and the Q5 group (NLR ≥ 4.05) had significantly worse overall cognition and executive function.ConclusionsNeutrophil percentage and NLR in the acute phase of AIS were independently associated with PSCI, and a high NLR was strongly associated with executive function. In addition, neutrophil percentage and NLR have diagnostic values for PSCI.

Detection of Specific Immune Cell Subpopulation Changes Associated with Systemic Immune Inflammation-Index Level in Germ Cell Tumors.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) and the host inflammatory response are closely interconnected. The interplay between systemic inflammation and the local immune response may influence tumor development and progression in various types of cancer. The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) represents a prognostic marker for germ cell tumors (GCTs). The aim of the present study was to detect specific immune cell subpopulation changes which were associated with the SII level in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients. In total, 51 GCT patients, prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were included in the present study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was performed using flow cytometry. The SII level was correlated with the percentage of various leukocyte subpopulations. The obtained results demonstrated that SII levels above the cut-off value of SII ≥ 1003 were associated with higher neutrophil percentages. An inverse correlation was found between the SII and the peripheral lymphocyte percentage that logically reflects the calculations of the SII index. Furthermore, the presented data also showed that in the lymphocyte subpopulation, the association with the SII was driven by T-cell subpopulations. In innate immunity–cell subpopulations, we observed a correlation between SII level and neutrophils as well as associations with eosinophil, basophil, natural killer cell and dendritic cell percentages. We suppose that the described interactions represent a manifestation of cancer-induced immune suppression. The results of the present study contribute to the elucidation of the interrelationship between tumor cells and the innate/adaptive immune system of the host.