Higher-order Forms Research Articles

Social Infrastructure and Organizational Resilience - A Theoretical Model

Abstract Background Considering resilience as a necessity for health care organisations (HCOs), many researchers argue that fluidity is a must and that organisational structures (formal and informal) hinder the adaptability and resilience of health care organisations. Contrary to this statement, my thesis posits that fundamental adaptive processes leading to new equilibria depend on a stable core that persists amidst change, enabling and catalysing these transformations. Methods The phenomenon of resilience within healthcare organisations is examined through the lens of sociological systems theory. Rooted in Talcott Parsons’ assertion that social systems, including healthcare organisations, must perform four basic functions (Adaptation, Goal Achievement, Integration, Latency: AGIL) to survive and function, our research uses the deductive method to derive the necessary structural social components required to cope with external demands. Results The application of the methods yields four complex basic structures rooted in the social structure of healthcare organisations: adaptive structures (flexible structures & resource generating structures), goal achievement structures (governance enabling collective goal setting, decision making and persistence), integrative structures (social capital and social networks) and sustainability structures (socialisation structure, knowledge base, organisational culture). Conclusions As the core of stability, this ‘four-component social infrastructure’ is essential for facilitating higher-order forms of resilience, such as new equilibria. In its absence, healthcare organisations would flounder during change, posing risks to the resilience of these HCOs. Thus, structure is indeed inherent in the chaos of resilience activities. In other words, there is order in the chaos of resilience, and it is essential. Key messages • Fundamental adaptive processes leading to new equilibria depend on a stable core that persists amidst change, enabling and catalysing these transformations. • There is order and structure in the chaos of resilience.

The Ulam Stability of High-Order Variable-Order φ-Hilfer Fractional Implicit Integro-Differential Equations

This study investigates the initial value problem of high-order variable-order φ-Hilfer fractional implicit integro-differential equations. Due to the lack of the semigroup property in variable-order fractional integrals, solving these equations presents significant challenges. We introduce a novel approach that approximates variable-order fractional derivatives using a piecewise constant approximation method. This method facilitates an equivalent integral representation of the equations and establishes the Ulam stability criterion. In addition, we explore higher-order forms of fractional-order equations, thereby enriching the qualitative and stability results of their solutions.

Cosserat constitutive theory and one of its higher-order forms: A rediscussion on the mesh dependence problem

When the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for studying strain localization problems, the mesh dependence phenomenon often ensues. The occurrence of mesh dependency will reduce the reliability of FEM simulations, so it is still worth studying. Herein, a constitutive model with decent mesh stability named the multiscale Cosserat (MC) model which contains higher-order rotation variables based on the conventional Cosserat (CC) theory, was introduced. The theory derivation indicates that the MC model has an extra internal length scale vector Dq that can consider the microscopic geometrical characteristics of the simulated material and can easily regress to the conventional Cosserat model when Dq = 0. After revisiting the mesh dependence problem through numerical simulations of plane strain compression tests, the mechanisms and advantages of the CC and MC models in solving the mesh dependence problem were discussed. The analysis demonstrated that the CC theory can alleviate the mesh dependence problem but cannot eliminate it; when the divergence of the computation occurs, due to a stricter accuracy requirement for convergence, the computation result of the MC model tends to stabilize along with the refinement of the elements. The mesh advantage of the MC model is influenced by both the length scales l and Dq. This study can provide new insight into understanding the mesh dependence problem, and the MC model introduced here is a potential model for comprehensively eliminating the influence of mesh dependence problems.

Bipedal Robot Gait Generation Using Bessel Interpolation.

This paper introduces a novel approach to bipedal robot gait generation by proposing a higher-order form through the parameter equation of first-order Bessel interpolation. The trajectory planning for the bipedal robot, specifically for stepping up or down stairs, is established based on a three-dimensional interpolation equation. The experimental prototype, Roban, is utilized for the study, and the structural sketch of a single leg is presented. The inverse kinematics expression for the leg is derived using kinematic methods. Employing a position control method, the angle information is transmitted to the robot's joints, enabling the completion of both downstairs simulation experiments and physical experiments with the Roban prototype. The analysis of the experimental process reveals a noticeable phenomenon of hip and ankle joint tilting in the robot. This observation suggests that low-cost bipedal robots driven by servo motors exhibit low stiffness characteristics in their joints.

Low-velocity impact response of the post-buckled FG-MEE plate resting on visco-Pasternak foundation: Magneto-electro-mechanical effects-based interaction analysis

Revealing the coupling of nonlinear behavior and the magneto-electro-mechanical effects in the impact responses of post-bucked magneto-electro-elastic structures contributes to the intelligent development of aircraft structural systems. The low-velocity impact responses of the post-buckled functional gradient magneto-electro-elastic(FG-MEE) plate resting on visco-Pasternak foundation are investigated. In the framework of the von Kármán-type nonlinear model considering post-buckling configurations, the low-velocity impact dynamics model of the post-buckled FG-MEE plate is constructed. The two-step perturbation method is developed to obtain the post-buckling equilibrium path induced by the magneto-electro-mechanical effects. Further, the higher-order form of the two-step perturbation method-Galerkin integral method is proposed for the post-buckled FG-MEE plate resting on visco-Pasternak foundation, acquiring the high-order truncated solutions of displacement, electric potential, and magnetic potential. Ultimately, the snap-through phenomenon of the post-buckled FG-MEE plate under low-velocity impact is captured, and the variation in the degree of coupling between nonlinear behavior and the magneto-electro-mechanical effects is systematically revealed.

Performance analysis of OFDM with variations in cyclic prefix and FFT lengths

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a modern and suitable modulation strategy for commercial high-speed broadband wireless communication systems. This is because wireless services and demands have grown so quickly in recent years. While creating wireless communication, the channel environment is crucial. A square grid with identical vertical and horizontal spacing is used for the constellation points in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). More bits can be transferred per symbol to higher-order modulation forms. This research has looked at how Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM systems perform using different modulation techniques on channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Using MATLAB software to do an experiment with different modulation methods and parameters such as FFT length and cyclic prefix findings showed that 64-QAM modulation sends the same amount of data faster and with fewer symbols than QPSK 16-QAM. Here, the 64-QAM modulation technique performs better. An extensive literature survey has been carried out. The work done here involved working on many parameters to improve the performance of OFDM, i.e., by reducing BER, changing modulation techniques, and analyzing the trade-off between cyclic prefix length and Bit Error Rate. Compared to the existing work, the proposed system provides better performance.

Gestalt's Perspective on Insight: A Recap Based on Recent Behavioral and Neuroscientific Evidence.

The Gestalt psychologists' theory of insight problem-solving was based on a direct parallelism between perceptual experience and higher-order forms of cognition (e.g., problem-solving). Similarly, albeit not exclusively, to the sudden recognition of bistable figures, these psychologists contended that problem-solving involves a restructuring of one's initial representation of the problem's elements, leading to a sudden leap of understanding phenomenologically indexed by the "Aha!" feeling. Over the last century, different scholars have discussed the validity of the Gestalt psychologists' perspective, foremost using the behavioral measures available at the time. However, in the last two decades, scientists have gained a deeper understanding of insight problem-solving due to the advancements in cognitive neuroscience. This review aims to provide a retrospective reading of Gestalt theory based on the knowledge accrued by adopting novel paradigms of research and investigating their neurophysiological correlates. Among several key points that the Gestalt psychologists underscored, we focus specifically on the role of the visual system in marking a discrete switch of knowledge into awareness, as well as the perceptual experience and holistic standpoints. While the main goal of this paper is to read the previous theory in light of new evidence, we also hope to initiate an academic discussion and encourage further research about the points we raise.

More Than Just Movement: Exploring Embodied Group Synchrony During Seated Dance for Older Adults Living in Residential Aged Care Communities.

One in six people in Australia are aged over 65, with many older adults currently living in residential aged care communities (RACC). Fostering meaningful human connection through social activities, such as dance, is imperative to maintain or improve the quality of life in these settings. Drawing from an embodied cognition framework, this mixed-methods study explored synchrony during a seated dance program with 15 older adults living in a RACC. Qualitative video content analysis was used to code movement, language and music cooccurrences, resulting in five group synchrony labels. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was then employed to distil ten higher-order forms of embodied group synchrony. Using existing neurocognitive evidence, we detail the therapeutic and interpersonal implications of the most prominent forms of embodied group synchrony. These findings can be used to choreograph therapeutic forms of embodied group synchrony in dance programs with older adults.

Resolvent Convergence for Differential–Difference Operators with Small Variable Translations

We consider general higher-order matrix elliptic differential–difference operators in arbitrary domains with small variable translations in lower-order terms. The operators are introduced by means of general higher-order quadratic forms on arbitrary domains. Each lower-order term depends on its own translation and all translations are governed by a small multi-dimensional parameter. The operators are considered either on the entire space or an arbitrary multi-dimensional domain with a regular boundary. The boundary conditions are also arbitrary and general and involve small variable translations. Our main results state that the considered operators converge in the norm resolvent sense to ones with zero translations in the best possible operator norm. Estimates for the convergence rates are established as well. We also prove the convergence of the spectra and pseudospectra.

Interaction solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation in incompressible fluid

This paper aims to search for the solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation. Lump solutions, breather solutions, mixed solutions with solitons, and lump-breather solutions can be obtained from the N-soliton solution formula by using the long-wave limit approach and the conjugate complex method. We use both specific circumstances and general higher-order forms of the hybrid solutions as examples. With the help of maple software, we create density and 3D graphs to summarize the dynamic properties of these solutions. Additionally, it is possible to observe how the solutions’ trajectory, velocity, and shape vary over time.

Higher-order G-quadruplexes in promoters are untapped drug targets.

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid secondary structures that form within guanine-rich regions of chromatin. G4 motifs are abundant in the genome, with a sizable proportion (∼40%) existing within gene promoter regions. G4s are proven epigenetic features that decorate the promoter landscape as binding centers for transcription factors. Stabilizing or disrupting promoter G4s can directly influence adjacent gene transcription, making G4s attractive as indirect drug targets for hard-to-target proteins, particularly in cancer. However, no G4 ligands have progressed through clinical trials, mostly owing to off targeting effects. A major hurdle in G4 drug discovery is the lack of distinctiveness of the small monomeric G4 structures currently used as receptors. This mini review describes and contrasts monomeric and higher-order G-quadruplex structure and function and provides a rationale for switching focus to the higher-order forms as selective molecular targets. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) core promoter G-quadruplex is then used as a case study that highlights the potential for higher-order G4s as selective indirect inhibitors of hard-to-target proteins in cancer.

Generalized higher-order Freud weights

We discuss polynomials orthogonal with respect to a semi-classical generalized higher-order Freud weight ω ( x ; t , λ ) = | x | 2 λ + 1 exp ⁡ ( t x 2 − x 2 m ) , x ∈ R , with parameters λ > − 1 , t ∈ R and m = 2 , 3 , … . The sequence of generalized higher-order Freud weights for m = 2 , 3 , … , forms a hierarchy of weights, with associated hierarchies for the first moment and the recurrence coefficient. We prove that the first moment can be written as a finite partition sum of generalized hypergeometric 1 F m functions and show that the recurrence coefficients satisfy difference equations which are members of the first discrete Painlevé hierarchy. We analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the recurrence coefficients and the limiting distribution of the zeros as n → ∞ . We also investigate structure and other mixed recurrence relations satisfied by the polynomials and related properties.

The logic languages of the TPTP world

Abstract The Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP) World is a well-established infrastructure that supports research, development and deployment of automated theorem proving systems. This paper provides an overview of the logic languages of the TPTP World, from classical first-order form (FOF), through typed FOF, up to typed higher-order form, and beyond to non-classical forms. The logic languages are described in a non-technical way and are illustrated with examples using the TPTP language.

Expecting some action: Predictive Processing and the construction of conscious experience

Predictive processing has begun to offer new insights into the nature of conscious experience—but the link is not straightforward. A wide variety of systems may be described as predictive machines, raising the question: what differentiates those for which it makes sense to talk about conscious experience? One possible answer lies in the involvement of a higher-order form of prediction error, termed expected free energy. In this paper we explore under what conditions the minimization of this new quantity might underpin conscious experience. Our suggestion is that the minimisation of Expected Free Energy is not in itself sufficient for the occurrence of conscious experience. Instead, it is relevant only insofar as it helps deliver what Ward et al. (2011) have previously described as a sense of our own poise over an action space. Perceptual experience, we will argue, is nothing other than the process that puts current actions in contact with goals and intentions, enabling some creatures to know the space of options that their current situation makes available. This proposal fits with recent work suggesting a deep link between conscious contents and contents computed at an ‘intermediate’ level of processing, apt for controlling action.

A Novel Distributed Bipartite Consensus Control of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems via Prioritized Strategy Approach

In this brief, the adaptive bipartite consensus tracking problem is considered for nonlinear MASs over signed directed graphs with unknown nonlinear functions in high-order and nonstrict-feedback form. By proposing a prioritized strategy, a more relaxation condition that a signed digraph only containing a spanning tree is used in this brief, and all the agents in the system can be achieved a bipartition. Besides, it is worth pointing out that the higher-order form and the nonstrict-feedback structure are a part of the each follower model, which makes the controller design process more complicated. A distributed neural-based adaptive backstepping technology is applied, where the unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by Neural networks (NNs). Under the proposed protocol, all the agents achieve the bipartite consensus with bounded errors. The feasibility of the newly designed method are verified by MATLAB simulation analysis.

Path integrals in JT gravity and Virasoro constraints

In this paper, we examine the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic Weil–Petersson volume formulas deduced in the previous literature. The volume formulas have application to computing the partition functions and the correlation functions in Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. We utilize two approaches to assess the validity of the formulas. The first approach is to examine the asymptotic volume formulas from the perspective of the Witten conjecture. If the volume formulas are correct, the generating function of the intersection indices deduced from the asymptotic volume formulas would satisfy constraints that are analogous to the Virasoro constraints. We confirmed that the intersection indices computed from the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic volume formulas satisfy variants of the string and dilaton equations. This implies that the generating function of the intersection indices deduced from the asymptotic volume formulas indeed satisfies constraints analogous to first two of the Virasoro constraints. As another approach, we also examined the asymptotic volume formulas by studying the behavior of the higher-order spectral form factors. Our analyses suggest that the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic Weil–Petersson volume formulas yield plausible estimations.

Is supervisor-subordinate Guanxi always good for subordinate commitment toward organizations? An inverted U-shaped perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between supervisor-subordinate Guanxi (SSG) and employee affective commitment. Integrating social exchange theory (SET) with conservation of resource (COR) theory, this paper explores the mixed effect of SSG on affective commitment as well as the moderating roles of an individual difference (subordinate work ethic) and a contextual variable (procedural fairness).Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a survey involving 249 subordinates to test the hypothesized model.FindingsThe results showed that the relationship between SSG and affective commitment was inverted U-shaped, and this relationship was moderated by work ethic and procedural fairness, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsDespite those contributions listed above, there are still some limitations that future research should seek to address. First, the data of this research are cross-sectional, which might cause common method bias to responses. However, all the hypotheses are higher-order forms of the main effects (curvilinear and moderating effects), which are not affected by the cross-sectional nature of the study (Podskoff et al., 2003). Moreover, given these variables in the model are related to subordinates' internal psychological states or perceptions, data for the study should be collected from subordinates. Relatedly, the cross-sectional nature of the dataset may raise a question about the directionality of the relationships. However, the research model is based on strong theories (i.e. SET and COR theory). In addition, prior research has indicated that Guanxi has an influence on commitment, not vice versa (Cheung et al., 2009; Chen and O'Leary, 2018). However, given that only experimental design can conclusively prove the directionality of the relationship, the authors encourage to replicate the current study using such a design. In addition, the authors encourage future studies to collect longitudinal data and replicate the current study. Second, this study only tested how work ethic and procedural fairness moderated the relationship between SSG and affective commitment. The authors encourage future research to explore the moderating effect of other moderators, such as the integrity of supervisors. In particular, when the supervisor has a high level of integrity, the negative influence of higher SSG may be weakened. Third, this study did not explore the mechanism linking SSG with affective commitment. Future studies should explore the potential mechanisms. For example, subordinates' emotional exhaustion might be the potential mechanism between SSG and affective commitment.Practical implicationsThe results imply that supervisors should treat SSG as a double-edged sword and maximize the positive influence of SSG. In addition, organizations should hire individuals with high work ethic or provide related training. At last, organizations should realize the importance of procedural fairness and set a sector that oversees making and executing well-designed roles.Originality/valuePrevious studies on SSG mainly focused on its positive effect on affective commitment, neglecting to explore its negative effect. This paper helped to illustrate the relationship between SSG and affective commitment comprehensively by indicating the relationship between SSG and affective commitment was inverted U-shaped and moderated by work ethic and procedural fairness, respectively.

Nonlocal gradient integral models with a bi-Helmholtz averaging kernel for functionally graded beams

In this paper, we develop the bi-Helmholtz averaging kernel-based variationally nonlocal strain and stress gradient (NStrainG and NStressG) integral models to study the size-dependent bending of functionally graded (FG) beams. The integral constitutive relation is transformed into a higher-order differential form while four non-standard constitutive boundary conditions are derived in detail. The Laplace transform technique is utilized to derive closed-form solutions. Interestingly, we find that, unlike the Helmholtz kernel case, the local stress contribution must be included in the bi-Helmholtz kernel-based NSrainG model to avoid the conflict between equilibrium and constitutive requirements. In the numerical simulations, a series of examples are presented to study the size-effects on the bending deformation of the beams with various boundary types. Numerical results show that the bi-Helmholtz kernel-based nonlocal gradient theories are capable of describing both softening and stiffening size-effects in small structures by suitably tuning the nonlocal and gradient relevant parameters involved in nonlocal gradient models. Moreover, the effect of FG parameter is also presented.

Mice recognize 3D objects from recalled 2D pictures, support for picture-object equivalence

Picture-object equivalence or recognizing a three-dimensional (3D) object after viewing a two-dimensional (2D) photograph of that object, is a higher-order form of visual cognition that may be beyond the perceptual ability of rodents. Behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms supporting picture-object equivalence are not well understood. We used a modified visual recognition memory task, reminiscent of those used for primates, to test whether picture-object equivalence extends to mice. Mice explored photographs of an object during a sample session, and 24 h later were presented with the actual 3D object from the photograph and a novel 3D object, or the stimuli were once again presented in 2D form. Mice preferentially explored the novel stimulus, indicating recognition of the “familiar” stimulus, regardless of whether the sample photographs depicted radially symmetric or asymmetric, similar, rotated, or abstract objects. Discrimination did not appear to be guided by individual object features or low-level visual stimuli. Inhibition of CA1 neuronal activity in dorsal hippocampus impaired discrimination, reflecting impaired memory of the 2D sample object. Collectively, results from a series of experiments provide strong evidence that picture-object equivalence extends to mice and is hippocampus-dependent, offering important support for the appropriateness of mice for investigating mechanisms of human cognition.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA repair helicase UvrD1 is activated by redox-dependent dimerization via a 2B domain cysteine

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis and, during infection, is exposed to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates from the host immune response that can cause DNA damage. UvrD-like proteins are involved in DNA repair and replication and belong to the SF1 family of DNA helicases that use ATP hydrolysis to catalyze DNA unwinding. In Mtb, there are two UvrD-like enzymes, where UvrD1 is most closely related to other family members. Previous studies have suggested that UvrD1 is exclusively monomeric; however, it is well known that Escherichia coli UvrD and other UvrD family members exhibit monomer-dimer equilibria and unwind as dimers in the absence of accessory factors. Here, we reconcile these incongruent studies by showing that Mtb UvrD1 exists in monomer, dimer, and higher-order oligomeric forms, where dimerization is regulated by redox potential. We identify a 2B domain cysteine, conserved in many Actinobacteria, that underlies this effect. We also show that UvrD1 DNA-unwinding activity correlates specifically with the dimer population and is thus titrated directly via increasing positive (i.e., oxidative) redox potential. Consistent with the regulatory role of the 2B domain and the dimerization-based activation of DNA unwinding in UvrD family helicases, these results suggest that UvrD1 is activated under oxidizing conditions when it may be needed to respond to DNA damage during infection.