High Temperature Operation Research Articles

Effective phonon dispersion and low field transport in AlxGa1−xN alloys using supercells: An ab initio approach

To investigate the transport properties in random alloys, it is important to model the alloy disorder using supercells. Although computationally expensive, the local disorder in the system is accurately captured as translational symmetry that is imposed on the system over larger length scales. Additionally, in supercells, the error introduced by self-image interaction between the impurities is reduced. In this work, we have investigated the Effective Phonon Dispersion (EPD) and transport properties, from first principle calculations using supercells in AlxGa1−xN alloy systems. Using an in-house developed code for phonon-band unfolding, the EPD of AlGaN is obtained and the individual phonon modes are identified with good agreement with experimental values. Moreover, we report an in-house developed method to calculate low-field transport properties directly from supercells without phonon band unfolding. First, to validate our methods, we have solved the Boltzmann transport equation using Rode’s method to compare the phonon limited mobility in the 4 atom GaN primitive cell and 12 atom GaN supercell. Using the same technique, we have investigated the low field transport in random AlxGa1−xN alloy systems. The quadrupole interaction is included for transport properties of GaN and AlN to accurately capture the physics in these materials. Our calculations show that along with alloy scattering, electron–phonon scattering may also play an important role at room temperature and high-temperature device operation. This technique opens up the path for calculating phonon-limited transport properties in random alloy systems.

Quantum limits of superconducting-photonic links and their extension to millimeter waves

Photonic addressing of superconducting circuits has been proposed to overcome wiring complexity and heat-load challenges. However, such superconducting-photonic links suffer from an efficiency-noise trade-off that limits scalability. This trade-off arises because increasing power conversion efficiency entails reducing optical power, which makes the converted signal susceptible to shot noise. We analyze this trade-off and find that the laser-driven qubit gate infidelity scales inversely with the number of photons used. While methods such as nonlinear detection or squeezed light could mitigate this effect, we consider generating higher-frequency electrical signals, such as millimeter waves (100 GHz), using laser light. At these higher frequencies, circuits have higher operating temperatures and cooling power budgets and alleviate constraints posed by the trade-off. Therefore, we demonstrate an optically driven cryogenic millimeter-wave source with a maximum power efficiency of 8×10−5 that can generate a maximum of 0.7μW of 80 GHz power, with a 1200-thermal-photon equivalent of added noise at 4K. Using this source, we perform frequency-domain spectroscopy of superconducting NbTiN resonators at 80–90 GHz. Our results show a promising approach to lessen the efficiency-noise constraints on superconducting-photonic links, while leveraging the benefits of photonic signal delivery. Further optimization of power efficiency and noise at high frequencies could make scalable photonic control of superconducting qubits viable at temperatures exceeding 1K. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Initial Performance Outlook on the Sliding Particle Receiver (SlideRec)

The next generation of central receivers is expected to reach high outlet temperatures of 800 °C and above, maintain stable operation and react to a varying incoming flux magnitude caused by hourly and seasonal variations, endure high-temperature operation, and remain cost-effective. Particle-based central receivers are being considered due to their high-temperature durability and favorable thermal properties of particle materials such as bauxite particles. This paper describes a new particle-based central receiver concept and provides an initial exploration of its performance in comparison with the existing CentRec® technology. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations demonstrated that a stable falling and sliding particle film can be achieved inside the SlideRec. The residence time of particle flow within the SlideRec is estimated to be higher than a falling particle receiver and similar to that of an obstructed-flow receiver. The results of the thermal model (incorporating reflective, radiative, convective and conductive heat losses) indicate that the SlideRec demonstrates a higher thermal efficiency than the CentRec® under an incoming aperture flux of between 0.1 MW/m2 and 1.7 MW/m2. The concept therefore is promising and is recommended for further experimental exploration.

Thermal-Gas-Elastic Coupling Modeling and Performance Analysis of Foil Cylindrical gas Film Seal Considering Speed Slip, Temperature Jump and Shaft Misalignment

Abstract The Compliant foil cylindrical gas film seal is an advanced sealing technology designed for high-speed and high-temperature conditions in a jet engine. Its design involves using a compliant foil to create a cylindrical sealing surface, achieving adaptive sealing in environments with high pressure differences and rotational speeds. For high-speed and high-temperature operation, a speed slip flow model was established by considering film slip flow, wall temperature jump, foil deformation, and gas viscosity-temperature thermal effects. The variations in the lubrication performance of the foil cylindrical gas film seal with changes in shaft misalignment directions, misalignment angles, and operating parameters were investigated. The speed slip leads to a decrease in gas film lift and an increase in leakage. The wall temperature jump phenomenon caused by speed slip leads to a 2.56% decrease in film temperature. The shaft misalignment angles on the high-pressure and low-pressure sides have different impacts on the flow field, with film pressure and temperature differing by 66.78% and 11.19%, respectively.

Thermophilic lignin-based laccase nanozyme with CuNx center for the detection of epinephrine and degradation of phenolic pollutants.

Natural laccases are a family of multi‑copper oxidases that can oxidize multiple phenol substrates and of great importance to contaminant remediation and biosensing. However, the construction of substitutes for the expensive and perishable laccase used in harsh conditions remains a great challenge. Here, we reported a novel strategy for the fabrication of copper-doped lignin-based laccase nanozymes (Cu-AL) through the coordination of aminated lignin and different copper sources. The Cu-AL prepared from CuSO4, possessed highest Cu content and Cu+ proportion, exhibited the best laccase-like activity to various phenols degradation. Strikingly, the thermophilic Cu-AL exhibited superior catalytic activity at 100 °C (3.23 times than that of 60 °C) and durability (> 50 % activity even after 160 days stored in water). Furthermore, a smartphone-based detection platform was successfully developed to achieve the rapid, convenient, and accurate detection of epinephrine concentration. In summary, this work provides a new sustainable and low-cost way to design robust laccase nanozymes from lignocellulose biomass, especially for expanding the applications of enzymatic reaction with high-temperature operation and/or long-term storage in environmental remediation and biosensing.

Pulse-Driven MEMS NO2 Sensors Based on Hierarchical In2O3 Nanostructures for Sensitive and Ultra-Low Power Detection

As the mainstream type of gas sensors, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors have garnered widespread attention due to their high sensitivity, fast response time, broad detection spectrum, long lifetime, low cost, and simple structure. However, the high power consumption due to the high operating temperature limits its application in some application scenarios such as mobile and wearable devices. At the same time, highly sensitive and low-power gas sensors are becoming more necessary and indispensable in response to the growth of the environmental problems and development of miniaturized sensing technologies. In this work, hierarchical indium oxide (In2O3) sensing materials were designed and the pulse-driven microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gas sensors were also fabricated. The hierarchical In2O3 assembled with the mass of nanosheets possess abundant accessible active sites. In addition, compared with the traditional direct current (DC) heating mode, the pulse-driven MEMS sensor appears to have the higher sensitivity for the detection of low-concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 100 ppb. It is worth mentioning that the average power consumption of the sensor is as low as 0.075 mW which is one three-hundredth of that in the DC heating mode. The enhanced sensing performances are attributed to loose and porous structures and the reducing desorption of the target gas driven by pulse heating. The combination of morphology design and pulse-driven strategy makes the MEMS sensors highly attractive for portable equipment and wearable devices.

Comparison of microstructural evolution and high temperature oxidation behavior of AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr high-entropy alloy coatings

In this study, the isothermal oxidation behaviors of HEA coating systems with AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr contents were evaluated by comparing microstructurally and investigated in terms of potential applications of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). For this reason, their oxidation resistance under isothermal conditions, as well as diffusion phenomena occurring at the bond and top coating interface, were investigated. CoNiCrAlY bond coating was applied to the surface of a Nickel-based superalloy substrate by high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. HEA coating materials were produced by using the mechanical alloying (MA) process. The mechanical activated synthesized HEAs were sprayed on a CoNiCrAlY bond coating by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS). The microstructural changes at the coating interface of CoNiCrAlY, AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr (HEAs) coatings resulting from oxidation processes at 1200 °C for 5, 25, 50 and 100 h, and the formation and growth behaviors of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer were investigated. The present results demonstrate a potential of HEAs in TBC applications. After oxidation tests, crystal lattice transformations took place in both coating systems. In the AlCoCrFeNiZr-HEA TBC system, an increase in diffusion rate, oxygen permeability, and consequently TGO layer thickness was observed by the transformation from the cubic lattice structure to a monoclinic lattice structure with a larger volume. In the AlCoCrFeNiTi-HEA TBC system, the transformation of a narrow rhombohedral lattice with tight planes was maintained. Therefore, the TBC system with AlCoCrFeNiTi-HEA has a lower TGO layer thickness compared to the TBC system with AlCoCrFeNiZr-HEA and has a longer service life against oxidation failure at high operating temperatures. As a result of the production, experimental studies and high temperature oxidation test studies under service conditions, it was seen that AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCoCrFeNiZr-HEA coatings can be used in the structure of TBC systems.

MOF nanoflowers-based flexible portable NO sensors for human airway inflammation detection

The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled breath is linked to respiratory diseases, requiring precise detection. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based materials used in chemiresistive gas sensors suffer from high detection limits due to a lack of functional sites, while metal oxide sensors are limited by poor selectivity and high operating temperatures, restricting their development. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an effective material for NO monitoring due to their superior selectivity; however, their inherent insulating properties hinder practical use. In this study, we synthesized Ni, Co-MOF-74-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) heterostructured nanoflowers, leveraging their bimetallic active sites and large specific surface area to enhance NO adsorption. This composite material, integrated with breathable nanofibrous membranes through physical deposition, exhibits high selection to NO, achieving a linear response range of 30 to 1000 ppb at room temperature and a limit of detection (LOD) of 18.6 ppb. This sensor can accurately detect NO levels in the exhaled breath of both healthy and diseased individuals, confirming its potential for respiratory disease diagnosis. Additionally, we developed a portable device integrating the Ni, Co-MOF-74-CNT- polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane, a microcontroller unit (MCU), and a Bluetooth module for real-time NO detection. The systematic design and successful validation of this portable gas sensor pave the way for future home-based real-time monitoring of airway inflammation.

Novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li) separator towards efficient Li+ fast-transfer for high-energy density and long-duration lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide (Li2Sn) transmembrane shuttling. To efficiently restrain chronic Li2Sn shuttle and expedite Li+ transfer, herein, a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li) separator preparation approach is recommended. Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer. Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li+ migrations, which constructs efficient Li+ fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li+ transfer rate to 9.4 times. Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li2Sn rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects. S(TMC@Lys-Li) replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth, endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries. Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods, high areal capacity, and fast charge, holding 78.1% retention after 500 cycles at 1 C. The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li) dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at 155 ℃, which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations. Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security, high-capacity density, and fast charge technology.

A numerical investigation of heat transfer and clogging in smooth and ribbed cooling channels of the GEF9’s first rotor blade

Analysis of heat transfer and the possibility of clogging in gas turbines play a crucial role in their design and material selection. Due to the high operating temperatures of gas turbine blades, internal blade cooling is utilized to reduce the damage of high temperatures and enhance the durability of gas turbines. Among these methods, the blades' internal cooling is one of the most common approaches. The main objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using ribs to increase the internal cooling rate and consequently reduce the surface temperature of the second rotor blade of the GEF9 turbine. Additionally, the experimental observations of damaged blades, proved that some of the internal cooling paths are blocked due to particle deposition of dusty cooling air. So, the main innovation of this research lies in simulating the dust trajectory of dust particles within the cooling channels using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to predict blockages in the cooling channels, as well as investigating erosion resulting from the impact of dust particles with the cooling passage walls. Based on the obtained results, ribs increase the convective heat transfer up to 40% but raise the pressure drop in other hands. With analysis of different types of geometrical parameters, the best thermal efficiency is about 0.76 (less than 1). The probability of clogging in the ribbed channels is 100 times more than smooth ones and also the rate of erosion in ribbed channels is 10% more than smooth channels which can increase the stress and reduce the durability of the blade. So using rib in this type of blade is not feasible. By comparing the volume fractions of dust particles near the internal walls in the smooth cooling channels, the first and fourth channels have the highest and lowest likelihood of blockages, respectively and it shows that front channels should be designed with higher diameter.

The Response Time of the High Operating Temperature and Very Long Wavelength Type-II Superlattice InAs/InAsSb Interband Cascade Photodetectors

The Response Time of the High Operating Temperature and Very Long Wavelength Type-II Superlattice InAs/InAsSb Interband Cascade Photodetectors

Fluorine-doped perovskite cathodes with boosted electrocatalytic activity for CO2 electrolysis

Global energy demands that have traditionally been satisfied by the use of fossil fuels have led to substantial emissions of CO2, an important greenhouse gas. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) offer a practical approach for transforming CO2 into valuable fuels. Accordingly, creating stable electrocatalysts and perovskite cathodes capable of efficiently converting CO2 is a primary aim for the further development of SOECs. Although reconstructing active sites during CO2 electrolysis is significantly challenging, it is also constrained by our lack of understanding of this process. Herein, we introduce an innovative strategy that involves co-doping with Cu and F to better facilitate the exsolution reaction, which resulted in the formation of an advanced cathode composed of Cu-Fe alloy nanoparticles embedded in a fluorine-doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ (SFM) ceramic matrix. The in-situ electrochemical reconstruction of the SFM cathode through co-doping not only improves mass-transfer efficiency during CO2 electrolysis but also enhances the catalytic activity and durability of the ceramic cathode. A SOEC assembled with this material as a symmetrical electrode delivered 4.99 mL min−1 cm−2 of CO at 850 °C and an applied voltage of 1.8 V, which is 168 % higher than that of a pure SFM electrode. In addition, no carbon deposits were observed at the end of the reaction. The co-doping strategy delivered enhanced performance without degradation over 100 h of high-temperature operation, which suggests that it is a reliable cathode material for CO2 electrolysis. This study introduced an innovative method for improving the SOEC-electrode microstructure and developing efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 electrolysis.

Functionalization of ZnO Nanorods with Au Nanodots via In Situ Reduction for High-Performance Detection of Ethyl Acetate.

Ethyl acetate is a critical medical indicator for detecting certain types of cancer. However, at present, available sensitive materials often exhibit drawbacks, such as high operating temperatures and poor responses to low concentrations of ethyl acetate. In this study, a ZnO nanorod sensing material was prepared using high-temperature annealing and a hydrothermally synthesized metal-organic framework (MOF) as a template. Au nanodots (AuNDs) were subsequently modified on the ZnO nanorods using an in situ ion reduction, which provided a better dispersion of Au nanodots compared with that obtained using the common reductant method. A variety of characterization methods indicate that the highly dispersed AuNDs, which possess a high catalytic activity, were loaded onto the surface as active centers, leading to a significant augmentation in the adsorption of oxygen on the surface compared with the original ZnO material. Consequently, the AuND@ZnO material exhibited heightened responsiveness to ethyl acetate at a lower operating temperature. The Au@ZnO-based sensor has a response rate (Ra/Rg) of 41.8 to 20 ppm ethyl acetate gas at 140 °C, marking a 17.4-fold increase compared with that of the original material. Due to its low power consumption and high responsiveness, AuND@ZnO is a promising candidate for the detection of ethyl acetate gas in medical applications.

Microscale chemiresistive hydrogen sensors: Current status and recent developments

Hydrogen is known for its efficient combustion, abundant natural availability, and environmentally friendly characteristics. It is recognized as a promising energy source for the future and is already utilized in various industries, including petrochemicals, electronics, food processing, aerospace, and new energy vehicles. However, challenges arise in the storage and use of hydrogen owing to its tendency to leak, its potential for explosion within a specific concentration range of 4%–75%, and itslow ignition energy requirements. Consequently, there is a demand for hydrogen sensors capable of quickly and accurately detecting low levels of hydrogen leaks. Microelectromechanical systems-based chemiresistive hydrogen sensors offer advantages such as low cost, compact size, low energy consumption, and superior sensing performance, making them a major focus of recent research. This article provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of the sensing principles of various hydrogen sensors, including chemiresistive sensors, electrochemical sensors, thermocatalytic sensors, acoustic sensors, and mechanical sensors. Micro-chemiresistive hydrogen sensors exhibit high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of integration, making them highly promising for practical applications. In response to the challenges encountered in practical applications of chemiresistive hydrogen sensors, such as high operating temperatures and high power consumption, this review explores emerging trends in chemiresistive hydrogen sensor technology from the perspectives of novel materials and activation methods. Finally, it discusses the applications and potential further developments of chemiresistive hydrogen sensors.

Investigation of Scaling and Materials' Performance in Simulated Geothermal Brine.

Geothermal energy generation faces challenges in efficiency, partly due to restrictions on reinjection temperatures caused by scaling issues. Therefore, developing strategies to prevent scaling is critical. This study aims to simulate the scaling tendencies and corrosion effects of geothermal fluids on various construction materials used in scaling reactor/retention tank systems. A range of materials, including carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, two proprietary two-part epoxy coatings, and thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA), were tested in a simulated geothermal brine. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory vessel designed to replicate the wall shear stress conditions expected in a scaling reactor. The tests revealed varying scaling tendencies among the materials, with minimal corrosion observed. The dominant scale formed was calcium carbonate, consistent with geochemical modelling. The findings suggest that despite the high operating temperatures, the risk of corrosion remains low due to the brine's low chloride content, while the wettability of materials after immersion may serve as a useful indicator for selecting those that promote scaling.

Thermal Conversion of Ultrathin Nickel Hydroxide for Wide Band Gap 2D Nickel Oxides.

Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors (E g > 2.0 eV) are integral to the advancement of next-generation electronics, optoelectronics, and power industries owing to their capability for high-temperature operation, high breakdown voltage, and efficient light emission. Enhanced power efficiency and functional performance can be attained through miniaturization, specifically via the integration of device fabrication into a two-dimensional (2D) structure enabled by WBG 2D semiconductors. However, as an essential subgroup of WBG semiconductors, 2D transition metal oxides (TMOs) remain largely underexplored in terms of physical properties and applications in 2D optoelectronic devices, primarily due to the scarcity of sufficiently large 2D crystals. Thus, our goal is to develop synthesis pathways for 2D TMOs possessing large crystal domains (e.g., >10 μm), expanding the 2D TMO family and providing insights for future engineering of 2D TMOs. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of WBG 2D nickel oxide (NiO) (E g > 2.7 eV) thermally converted from 2D nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) with a lateral domain size larger than 10 μm. Moreover, the conversion process is investigated using various microscopic techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, providing significant insights into morphology and structural variations under different oxidative conditions. The electronic structure of the converted Ni x O y is further investigated using multiple soft X-ray spectroscopies, such as X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies.

Proton exchange membrane‐based electrocatalytic systems for hydrogen production

AbstractHydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality. Proton exchange membrane (PEM)‐based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production, which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources. In this review, PEM‐based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems. When the operating temperature is below 130°C, the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer; its core components and respective functions, research status, and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed. However, strong acidity, highly oxidative operating conditions, and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems. Increasing the temperature of PEM‐based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density, accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value, activation losses, ΔGH*, and power consumption. Moreover, further increasing the operating temperature (120–300°C) of PEM‐based devices endows various hydrogen carriers (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and ammonia) with electrolysis, offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM‐based electrocatalytic systems. Finally, several future directions and prospects for developing PEM‐based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.

Copper‐infused zinc porphyrin supramolecular polymersomes for triple synergistic combat against wound bacterial biofilm infections

AbstractBacterial biofilm infections (BBI) on wound surfaces and implants pose a significant clinical challenge due to the impermeable nature of biofilms and obstacles in tissue repair. Traditional photothermal therapy (PTT) or chemodynamic therapy (CDT), whether used alone or in combination, often causes damage to surrounding normal tissues from high operating temperatures or elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, leading to unsatisfactory anti‐biofilm effects. This study introduces a novel copper ions loaded zinc porphyrin polymer vesicle (Cu‐PPS) that employs a triple synergistic approach involving PTT, CDT, and bacterial cuproptosis‐like death (BCD). Cu‐PPS exhibits exceptional photothermal efficiency of 51.06%, promoting the release of copper ions under photothermal stimulation, enhancing CDT and BCD effectiveness, and facilitating mature biofilm clearance and tissue repair. This approach achieves a bactericidal rate exceeding 99% and an anti‐biofilm rate of 93.32% in vitro and also excellent efficacy in treating BBI in vivo. This study presents an innovative therapeutic strategy for combating biofilm infections, addressing the challenges encountered in the clinical management of BBI.

A physical barrier woven by flexible, adiabatic and structurally stable high-entropy nanofiber sponges for efficient surface protection

The surface of equipment under harsh conditions often requires protection from adiabatic ceramic fibers. However, the structural stability and flexibility of fibers are frequently compromised. Here, (LaCeNdSmEu)2Zr2O7+δ, a defective high-entropy pyrochlore, was fabricated into flexible nanofiber sponges utilizing a simple saturated solution blow spinning method. The novel 3D lamellar sponges, containing numerous micropores woven by nanofibers, can achieve thermal insulation efficiently. Moreover, the defects and high-entropy effects inside nanofibers can further strengthen their structural stability. Furthermore, nanofiber sponges can remain flexible at -196–1350 °C. Even when burned by the flame, only 2-cm-thick sponges can reduce the heat source from 1350 to 285 °C. The smooth sintering process, low thermal conductivity (0.024–0.044 W/(m•K) at 28–500 °C), high long-term operation temperature (1350 °C), low density (14 mg/cm3), excellent compression flexibility, and remarkable structural stability under various harsh conditions can endow nanofiber sponges with powerful surface protection capability.

Analysis of Erosion of Surfaces in Falling Particle Concentrating Solar Power

Abstract Next generation concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, which utilize solid particles for energy capture, transport, and storage, offer prospects for higher temperature operation, improved efficiency, and reduced overall costs. Nevertheless, the continuous impingement of particles on component materials can result in substantial erosion, significantly constraining the performance and longevity of the components. A comprehensive understanding of particle erosion on surfaces is essential for designing components and operational parameters or coatings that minimize wear. This study presents a computational physics-based particle tracking model of the erosion rate of incident surfaces under different geometric, operational, and particle parameters. The computational model is validated with experimental measurements conducted as part of the study. Computational simulations are presented to elucidate the effects of each parameter and further used to investigate erosion rates in a systematic design of experiments covering a wide range of parameters. Based on the simulation results, a generalized analytical model is developed to relate erosion wear to pertinent dimensionless groups governing the physics of the process. The analytical model is shown to be accurate to within 10% and its use in understanding surface erosion as well as designing wear-resistant coatings to limit erosion within acceptable values is presented.