High Oil Ratio Research Articles

Evaluation of some lavender genotypes with high ornamental potential for essential oil properties and antimicrobial activities

ABSTRACT Lavender, a member of the Lamiaceae family, is an essential plant worldwide with high medicinal aromatic value and ornamental properties. In this study, 75 lavender genotypes belonging to Lavandula angustifolia Miller and Lavandula hybrida L. species, which were selected from several segregating populations and had high agronomic features as ornamental and medicinal aromatic plants, were evaluated in terms of essential oil properties. The essential oil ratios varied between 1.08% and 7.00%. The essential oil yield of lavender genotypes varied between 0.6 and 9.0 liter/decare. The highest components were determined as linalool and linalyl acetate. Lavender genotypes were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activities, and the inhibition zone diameter of Escherichia coli, a Gram (-) bacterium, varied between 10 and 44 mm. While the zone diameter for Staphylococcus aureus was in the range of 27–44 mm, the zone diameter value for Candida albicans was found to be in the range of 37–42 mm. This study indicated that segregating populations had great potential for improving lavender genotypes with higher oil ratios and antimicrobial activity. Genotypes that could be cultivar candidates were determined.

Evaluation of Emulsifying Ability of Phospholipids by Langmuir Monolayers and Stability of High Oil Ratio O/W Emulsions

High oil ratio fat emulsion injections are prone to poor emulsification, rapid creaming, and other quality problems; therefore, the selection of emulsifiers with high emulsifying ability is crucial for the production of fat emulsions. The existing methods used to evaluate the emulsifying ability of emulsifier are to evaluate the emulsifying ability from the emulsifier itself. In the study, Langmuir monolayer selected the most miscible phospholipid with oil phase from the alternative three phospholipids by studying the molecular interaction between oil phase and phospholipid at the air/water interface. The miscibility and thermodynamic stability analyses of the different oil phase/phospholipid mixed monolayers were performed, and the data from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concluded that all three oil phases had the strongest molecular interaction with E80 and the best miscibility. The emulsions were then prepared and analyzed by the results of particle size, ζ-potential, and stability of the emulsions, where the surface free energy in the stability test echoed the results reflected by the [Formula: see text] values in the thermodynamic stability test. These results indicate that Langmuir monolayers can be used to study the interaction between oil phase and emulsifier, thus providing new ideas for evaluating the emulsifying ability of phospholipids.

Experimental investigation of the impact of lubricant oil ratio on subcritical organic Rankine cycle for low-temperature waste heat recovery

Organic Rankine cycle can be used to harness waste heat to generate electricity. The cycle performance is dependent on expander behavior, where the design of lubricant oil loop is significant. The effects of oil on expansion machine rely on the prevention of leakages and friction losses. However, the lubricant oil is inevitably mixed with refrigerant, which may in turn affect system performance. This paper is targeted to investigate the impact of lubricant oil ratios on a 2 kW ORC prototype using R245fa as working fluid. The heat source temperature is fixed at 125 °C. Two degrees of freedom including the mass flow rate and expander rotational speed are adjusted to explore the system performance. Cycle thermal efficiency, expander isentropic efficiency, filling factor and heat transfer performance are analyzed. The results show that injection of lubricant oil has significant influence on the organic Rankine cycle system. The optimum cycle thermal efficiency is 4.7%, which is obtained under high oil ratio. The system efficiency is more sensitive under lower lubricant oil charges, as 10.25% increase in cycle thermal efficiency is observed when oil-concentration varies from 0.12% to 1%. The hermetic scroll expander is more sensitive to various oil-concentration than the plate heat exchanger.

English

Sunflower takes an important place in terms of raw materials provided for the oil industry and of added value, as well as bring-in income for producers in Turkey’s economy. Sunflower is an important source of income by standing the main product in alternation of the wheat in the sense of manufacturers in Thrace Region which constitutes the European part of Turkey. In this study, the effect of premium support application on sunflower cultivation area and production amount in Thrace where approximately 65% of sunflower production in Turkey is met and also the effect of support payments on producer income are investigated. In this study, it is concluded that premium supports are inefficient in increasing sunflower cultivation area and production whereas it is concluded that it has an important role on producer income and on the determination of the market price. In fact, from a survey that was carried out, it emerges that the area-based support (diesel oil, fertilizer etc. support) together with premium support increase the revenue of sunflower up to 27.74% per area unit and the gross profit in proportion to 98.87%. This study indicates that in order to increase the sunflower production in Turkey the amounts of sunflower premium support, diesel oil and fertilizer should be rearranged in compliance with current market conditions. Moreover, as well as for other agricultural products, the use of certified seed should also be included into agricultural support programmes, production on well irrigated areas should be widened and the use of oil crops varieties with high oil ratio should be extended.   Key words: Oil crops, sunflower, agricultural subsidy, agricultural income, gross profit.

Opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) oil for preparation of biodiesel: Optimization of conditions

Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., is one of the ancient herbal medicines. In addition to this medical use of latex, opium that is extracted from the immature seed capsule, it is also used illegally for pleasure. It is being produced in great quantities in Turkey especially in Afyonkarahisar city. The seeds of opium poppy plant have high ratio oil content. The opium poppy seeds and oil of these seeds are purely used as an ingredient in production of bakery products. In this study, biodiesel evaluation of the opium poppy seeds that have a high oil ratio is aimed. Alkali catalyzed (NaOH) single-phase reaction was preferred to produce biodiesel from opium poppy oil. The parameters like catalyst concentration, methanol ratio, reaction temperature were optimized and biodiesel production was obtained with high yield in reaction time of 75 min. The methyl ester content in the opium poppy oil biodiesel was determined with Gas Chromatography–Frame Ionized Detector (GC–FID). In optimum conditions, methanol ratio and catalyst concentration was determined as 20 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively. The reaction temperature was optimized as 60 °C. Biodiesel was obtained from the opium poppy oil under optimum conditions. Some basic features of the produced methyl esters were determined.

Different Effects of Whole Egg and Egg-Yolk on Emulsion Preparation from a Fish Meat Product.

The yolk-added emulsified product prepared from sardine meat had a more viscoeiasdic strucdure than the 'whole egg'-added product because it deveioped large G', G values and large shear stress. However, the yolk-added product showed a smaller value of yield stress and a markedly smaller value was shown at asoybean oil to sardine meat ratio of 1.1. The consistency and flow behavior indexes of increasing shear rate determination were larger in the yolk-added product than in the 'whole egg'-added product. In the yolk-added product, the oil droplets were smaller, more uniform and larger in number. Therefore, the sum of the interactions between the oil droplets was larger. This microstrucdure is reiaded to the above rheological results. A drastic change in shear response was found between a soybean oil ratio of 1.1 and 1.7 in both the'whole egg'-added and the yolk-added products but was more pronounced in the yolk-added product. When the shear rate vs. shear stress hysteresis loop of the yolk-added product was considered in comparison with that of the 'whole egg'-added product, at a low oil ratio the strucdure breakdown was not induced by the shear, and at a high oil ratio a great structure breakdown was induced. This result means that the three dimensional structure developed with the high oil ratio was broken down by the shear. In the products with higher oil radios of 1.7 and 2.5, the relative amount of emulsifier do oil was very small. Therefore, the emulsifying layer around an oil droplet was thin, and the oil droplets tended to coalesce without the shear. If shear was applied, the emulsion was easily broken down due to the further progress of coalescence. From microscopic observation, it was found that many large oil droplets were present in the products with higher oil radios of 1.7 and 2.5.