Higher Odds Of Current Smoking Research Articles

Disparities in Smoking and Heavy Drinking Behaviors by Disability Status and Age of Disability Onset: Secondary Analysis of National Health Interview Survey Data.

People with childhood-onset disabilities are living into adulthood, and the prevalence of smoking and illicit drug use among adults with disabilities is high. We evaluated the relationship between disability status and age of disability onset, current cigarette smoking status, and heavy alcohol drinking. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a US survey on illness and disability. Among 2020 NHIS participants aged 22-80 years (n = 28 225), we compared self-reported prevalence of current cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol drinking among those with and without disabilities and among those with childhood- versus adult-onset disabilities. We used adjusted logistic regression analysis to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of current smoking and heavy alcohol drinking based on disability status and age of disability onset. Compared with adults without disabilities, adults with disabilities were significantly more likely to report current smoking (23.5% vs 11.2%; P < .001) and significantly less likely to report heavy alcohol drinking (5.3% vs 7.4%; P = .001). The prevalence of these behaviors did not vary significantly by age of disability onset. In adjusted logistic regression models, adults with disabilities had significantly higher odds of current smoking (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.53-2.03) and similar odds of heavy alcohol drinking (AOR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65-1.04) compared with adults without disabilities. The odds of these health behaviors did not vary significantly by age of disability onset. Adults with disabilities overall may be at high risk for these unhealthy behaviors, particularly smoking, regardless of age of disability onset. Routine screening and cessation counseling related to smoking and unhealthy alcohol use are important for all people with disabilities.

P021 Uptake, safety, and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in adults with immune mediated inflammatory diseases: a UK wide study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Abstract Background/Aims The safety and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in people with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is not known, which may contribute to suboptimal uptake. We investigated UK wide pneumococcal vaccine uptake in adults with IMIDs, the association between pneumococcal vaccination and disease flares, and the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia in this at-risk population. Methods Adults with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) prior to 31st August 2018 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Gold were included. The study was approved by CPRD research data governance (Reference 21_000614). We calculated the proportion of patients vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia. To investigate the association between vaccination and IMID flare, we employed a self-controlled case series analysis, adjusted for season. The study period was up-to six-month before and six-month after the date of pneumococcal vaccination. This period was partitioned into induction (14 days pre-vaccination) and exposed periods (up-to 90 days post vaccination) with the remaining time considered unexposed. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% CI were calculated. We conducted a multivariable nested case-control study to assess vaccine effectiveness. Cases were patients hospitalised with pneumonia and were matched to up to ten controls for age and sex. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. Results We included 32,277 IMID patients: 14,151 with RA, 13,631 with IBD, 3,804 with SpA and 691 with SLE. Overall uptake of pneumococcal vaccination was 50% (95% CI 49.4% -50.5%). Vaccination uptake was significantly lower in the under 45-year-olds, in patients with IBD and in those without additional indication for vaccination at 29.7%, 38.4%, 42.7% respectively. In the safety study, data for 1001, 854, 424 vaccinated patients with primary care consultations for joint pain, AIRD flare, and IBD flare respectively were included. Vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia was not associated with AIRD flare (IRR (95% CI) 1.07 (0.93-1.22)), primary care consultations for joint pain (IRR (95% CI) 0.95 (0.83-1.10)), and IBD flare (IRR (95% CI) 0.82 (0.64-1.06)) in the 90-days post vaccination. The vaccine effectiveness study included 25,707 patients, either with (n = 2,771) or without (n = 22,936) a hospitalisation record for pneumonia after IMID diagnosis. Patients hospitalised for pneumonia compared with their matched controls, had higher odds of current smoking, deprivation, corticosteroid prescriptions, additional indication for vaccination, primary care consultations, hospital admissions and prescriptions. In the multivariable adjusted model, pneumococcal vaccination was associated with reduced odds of hospitalisation for pneumonia (OR (95% CI) 0.88 (0.78-0.98). Conclusion The uptake of pneumococcal vaccine is low in IMID patients. Pneumococcal vaccination is not associated with IMID flare and is protective against pneumonia. These findings call for promotion of pneumococcal vaccination in IMID by health professionals. Disclosure G. Nakafero: None. M.J. Grainge: None. C.D. Mallen: Grants/research support; NIHR, MRC, Versus Arthritis and BMS. T. Card: None. J.S. Nguyen Van-Tam: Consultancies; CSL Seqirus and Moderna. Royalties; AstraZeneca and Sanofi Pasteur. A. Abhishek: Consultancies; NGM Bio, Limbic and Inflazome.. Royalties; UpToDate, Springer, Cadilla Pharmaceuticals.. Grants/research support; AstraZeneca and Oxford Immunotech..

Interrelationship of psychological and sociological factors after a first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) : Implications for secondary prevention

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): This study is supported with a young investigator grant from Vísindaráð Landspítala [the science committee of Landspitali-University Hospital] awarded to dr. Erla Svansdóttir. Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death, disability, and health-care burden worldwide. Advances in medical technology combined with identification of CAD risk factors has resulted in lower CAD mortality rates in western countries in the past decades. Secondary prevention constitutes a crucial factor for hindering further CAD development by helping patients with risk factor modification. Psychological and sociological factors have been identified as risk factors for progression of CAD and adverse well-being following adverse CAD events, and should be given consideration in secondary prevention. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psycho- and sociological factors in patients undergoing a first Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and to explore how the interrelationship of these factors affect patients’ well-being. This study is a part of a larger study investigating the psychological well-being and rehabilitation success of patients after an initial PCI procedure up to six months post-PCI. Methods Participants were 97 patients (mean age 60±7.6 years) who underwent a PCI in Iceland from December 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaires assessing somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, cardiac anxiety, and distress personality were administered during hospitalization. Results Majority of participants were male (79%), in a relationship (79%), had secondary/higher education (83%), worked full time (72%) and lived in the capital area (69%). Overall, nearly half of PCI patients showed some depression symptoms (47%) and 38% some anxiety symptoms. Of these, 15% and 10% had moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Women scored higher than men on cardiac anxiety and cardiac-related avoidance (p’s&amp;lt;0.05). Age had a negative correlation with somatic symptom scores (r=-0.26, p&amp;lt;0.05), anxiety (r=-0.32, p&amp;lt;0.01), cardiac anxiety (r=-0.24, p&amp;lt;0.01), cardiac fear and worry (r=-0.39, p&amp;lt;0.01) and social inhibition (r=-0.26, p&amp;lt;0.01). Higher education level was linked with lower anxiety, depression, perceived stress, negative affectivity and social inhibition (table 1). Not being in a relationship was associated with more somatic symptoms (ß=0.27), perceived stress (ß=0.24) and cardiac-related avoidance (ß=0.25), independent of age, gender, and education status (see table 2, all p’s&amp;lt;0.05). In secondary analyses patients not in a relationship had higher odds of current smoking (OR 5.4, 95% CI:1.7-17.6) and of having some depression symptoms (OR 2.7, 95% CI:1.0-7.4). Conclusion Nearly half of PCI patients in Iceland had some depression or anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress was higher among patients of younger age or lower education levels. Single patients may pose a group in need of specific support in secondary prevention given their elevated somatic symptoms, cardiac-related avoidance and perceived stress which may hinder rehabilitation efforts.

Trends in cigarette smoking prevalence and status among U.S. adults with disabilities, 2015–2019

IntroductionThe prevalence of current cigarette smoking is higher in people with disabilities compared to those without. However, little is known about smoking status and trends in smoking by disability functioning domain. MethodsData from the 2015–2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health were used to estimate the prevalence of past-month and daily cigarette smoking, former smoking, and nicotine dependence for people with any disability and six disability functioning domains. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of each outcome by disability domain compared to no disability, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. ResultsFrom 2015–2019, the overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking (23.3% vs. 16.7%) and the proportion of those with nicotine dependence (14.6% vs 8.0%) was higher in people with any disability compared to those without (ps < 0.001). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking decreased while the prevalence of former cigarette smoking increased from 2015 to 2019 (ps < 0.05). People with any disability had higher odds of current smoking (AOR=1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.25) and similar odds of former smoking (AOR=1.00; 95% CI 0.95, 1.06) compared to people without disabilities. Odds of current and former smoking varied by domain. ConclusionThe prevalence of cigarette smoking among people with any disability decreased over time but remained higher than those without. People with any disability had similar odds of former smoking, though differences existed by disability domain. Future research should explore additional smoking and quit behaviors by disability functioning domain.

Prevalence, correlates, and behavioral outcomes of alcohol gifting in China

IntroductionAlcohol gifting is a very common practice in China. However, little is known about the potentially adverse consequences of alcohol gifting. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol gifting, and explore whether drinking and tobacco use were associated with alcohol gifting.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional multi-stage survey, a sample of 982 household heads from Guangdong Province and 530 household heads from Shaanxi Province was collected online from 30 April to 30 July 2020 in China. Participants completed questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics, social capital, drinking status, and gifting alcohol behavior. Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with alcohol gifting, and to identify its relationship with alcohol and cigarette use status.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, household annual income, province, drinking status, and social participation were prominent correlates of both offering and receiving alcohol. Participants who were married, had an education level of junior high school, or had a large social network had higher odds of receiving alcohol. When both alcohol gifting behaviors were included in the models, participants who offered alcohol had 2.15 (95% CI: 1.63–2.85) times higher odds of current drinking than those who didn’t offer alcohol and participants who received alcohol had 1.87 (95% CI: 1.45–2.41) times higher odds of current drinking than those who did not receive alcohol. Those who received alcohol had significantly higher odds of current smoking (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.25–2.14), while those who offered alcohol had significantly lower odds of current smoking (AOR = 0.71;95% CI:0.53–0.95).ConclusionsSocial participation is an important correlate of alcohol gifting. Alcohol receiving behaviors were significantly associated with both current alcohol and tobacco use. These associations can be used to inform alcohol gifting interventions in China.

Food insecurity, social needs, and smoking status among patients in a county hospital system

Tobacco use in the U.S. is increasingly concentrated among populations with socioeconomic disadvantages such as food insecurity. Building on prior studies showing that food insecurity increases odds of cigarette smoking, the current study sought to examine how food insecurity and other social needs, particularly financial strain, transportation barriers, and housing/utility insecurity, were associated with smoking status among adult patients seen in a county hospital system. We analyzed data from the electronic health record of patients from The MetroHealth System (Cleveland, Ohio, USA), covering a two-year period since implementation of social determinants of health assessments (2019–2021; N = 45,151 patients). Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with smoking status. Compared to the overall smoking prevalence (21 %), smoking was higher among patients screening for transportation barriers (41 %), financial strain (39 %), food insecurity (34 %), and housing/utility insecurity (27 %). Each of these social needs was independently associated with increased odds of current smoking (all p < 0.05). Smoking prevalence increased sequentially as the number of social needs increased; with each addition of a social need, there was a dose-response association with higher odds of current smoking (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.56 to 3.76, all p < 0.001), and current smoking specifically among ever smoking patients (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.39 to 3.01, all p < 0.001). There was substantial overlap among several social needs and smoking status. Alongside improving access to evidence-based cessation treatments and services, the findings raise the possibility that addressing social needs might reduce barriers to quitting and thereby reduce tobacco use disparities.

Correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness among overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes

IntroductionMechanistic studies suggest that type 2 diabetes is independently associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Little is known about the CRF profile in type 2 diabetes; we assessed the correlates...

Cigarette Smoking and Minority Stress Across Age Cohorts in a National Sample of Sexual Minorities: Results From the Generations Study.

Sexual minority populations in the United States have persistently higher rates of cigarette use than heterosexuals, partially driven by exposure to minority stressors (e.g., discrimination and victimization). Little is known about cigarette use across cohorts of sexual minority adults who came of age in distinctly different sociopolitical environments. To examine cigarette use and minority stressors across three age cohorts of U.S. sexual minority adults. We used data from the Generations Study, a nationally representative sample (N = 1,500) of White, Black, and Latino/a sexual minority adults in three age cohorts (younger: 18-25 years; middle: 34-41 years; and older: 52-59 years). Survey data were collected from March 2016 to March 2017. We used sex-stratified logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between age cohort, minority stressors (discrimination and victimization), and two indicators of cigarette smoking (lifetime use and current use). Prevalence of current cigarette use in each age cohort was high (younger: 20%; middle: 33%; and older: 29%). Relative to the younger cohort, men and women in the middle- and older-age cohorts had significantly higher odds of lifetime and current smoking (e.g., men, current, aOR [95% CI]: middle = 2.47 [1.34, 4.52], older = 2.85 [1.66, 4.93]). Minority stressors were independently associated with higher odds of current smoking; when victimization was included, the magnitude of the association between age cohort and current smoking was diminished but remained significant. Smoking cessation interventions must consider the role of minority stress and the unique needs of sexual minority people across the life course.

Demographic and psychological moderators of the relationship between neighborhood cigarette advertising and current smoking in New York City.

Tobacco advertising in retailers influences smoking, but little research has examined how this relationship differs among population subgroups. This study merged data on neighborhood cigarette advertising with geocoded survey data to assess the association between advertising prevalence and current smoking among New York City (NYC) residents, and whether demographic and psychological characteristics moderate this relationship. Audit data from a stratified, random sample of 796 NYC tobacco retailers generated neighborhood prevalence estimates of cigarette advertising, which were linked with unweighted 2017 NYC Community Health Survey data (n=7837 adult respondents with residential geocodes). Multilevel regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of current smoking by level of neighborhood cigarette advertising (quartiles). Interactions assessed differences in this relationship by demographic characteristics and current depression (analyses conducted in 2019). There was no main effect of advertising on smoking status or significant interactions with demographic variables, but current depression was an effect modifier (p=0.045). Cigarette advertising was associated with current smoking among those with current depression (p=0.023), not those without (p=0.920). Specifically, respondents with depression who resided in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for cigarette advertising prevalence had higher odds of current smoking, compared to those living in the lowest advertising quartile [aOR: 1.72 (1.04, 2.86)]. Retail cigarette advertising may serve as an environmental cue to smoke among adults with depression. Efforts to restrict or counteract this practice, such as the development of community-level public health interventions and counter-marketing programs, may particularly benefit those with depression and, perhaps, other mental health disorders.

The impact of local smoke-free policies on smoking behaviour among adults in Indonesia: a quasi-experimental national study.

AimsTo investigate to what extent the adoption of local smoke‐free policies (SFPs) in Indonesia in 2007–13 was associated with changes in adult smoking behaviour.DesignA quasi‐experimental study.SettingIndonesia, 2007 and 2013.ParticipantsA total of 1 052 611 > 25‐year‐old adults. Data were derived from the 2007 and 2013 Indonesian national health survey.MeasurementsFor both years, provincial and district SFPs were identified from government documents in 497 districts in 33 provinces. Multi‐level logistic regression analysis assessed the association of adoption of provincial and district SFPs between 2007 and 2013 with smoking continuation (among ever‐smokers), current smoking and high smoking intensity (among current smokers). We controlled for survey year, SFP in 2007, socio‐demographics and district characteristics.FindingsProvincial SFP exposure was associated with lower odds of smoking continuation [strong SFP versus no SFP: odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66–0.76] and smoking intensity (strong SFP: OR= 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86–0.97), but also with higher odds of current smoking (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04–1.12). District SFP exposure was associated with higher odds of smoking continuation (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.14) and current smoking (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05–1.14), but with lower odds of smoking intensity (moderately strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91–0.99).ConclusionsThere may be an association between the adoption of local smoke‐free policies in Indonesia and decreased adult smoking intensity. However, the evidence is inconsistent, which may reflect problems with policy implementation and enforcement,

Cigarette Smoking Among Youth at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth who are most vulnerable to tobacco use. Methods: We analyzed data from a national nonprobability sample of 11,192 SGM youth (ages 13-17). Age of cigarette initiation and current use were modeled using Cox proportional hazard and binomial regression. Sexual and gender identities were explanatory variables and the models were adjusted for ethnoracial identity and age. Results: Approximately 7% of the sample reported current smoking. Cisgender and transgender boys had higher odds of current smoking compared with cisgender and transgender girls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-2.21). Pansexual-identified youth had higher odds of smoking (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05-1.70) compared with gay/lesbian youth independent of gender identity. Pansexual-identified cisgender boys had the highest smoking prevalence (21.6%). Predicted probabilities were higher among transgender boys across all sexual identities, except asexual. The hazard of smoking at a younger age was greater for transgender boys compared with cisgender boys (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.43-1.94) as well as for bisexual (AHR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.24) and pansexual (AHR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03-1.33) youth compared with those who identified as gay or lesbian. Conclusions: These findings suggest that transgender boys may be at higher risk for early and current cigarette use regardless of their sexual identity, whereas smoking varied more widely for youth across different sexual identities. The findings suggest that specific subgroups of SGM youth require focused attention in tobacco control research and practice.

How Does Acculturation Influence Smoking Behavior Among Latinos? The Role of Education and National Background.

As Latinos acculturate, they are assumed to smoke at higher rates. This study investigated the relationship between acculturation level, educational attainment, and cigarette smoking by gender and national background among Latinos. Data from the 2009-2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed and participants included 1,111 Cubans, 813 Dominicans, 13,281 Mexicans, and 2,197 Puerto Ricans. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model acculturation and educational predictors of current smoking, stratified by gender and national background. Acculturation level was categorized into less acculturated, bicultural, and more acculturated by combining birthplace and language preference. Current cigarette smoking was defined by self-reported use every day or some days among those who ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes. Most respondents were interviewed in English (62%) and had a high school education or less (60%), but only 39% were US-born. Overall, 17.8% of men and 9.6% of women reported current smoking. By national background, smoking prevalence was highest among Puerto Ricans (16% of women and 23% of men) and lowest among Dominicans (6% of women and 10% of men). More acculturated Mexican women and men had significantly higher odds of current smoking (OR=2.94; 95% CI=2.01, 4.31 and OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.39, 2.55; respectively). Mexican men who were more acculturated and had greater levels of educational attainment had lower odds of smoking (OR=.84; 95% CI=.74, .96). The relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among Latinos is influenced by education and should be considered by public health and clinician stakeholders when developing or adapting tobacco control strategies.

Food Security and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among U.S. Adults

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the U.S. Although the risk of cardiovascular disease can be mitigated substantially by following a healthy lifestyle, adhering to a healthy diet and other healthy behaviors are limited by reduced food security. This study aims to determine the association between food security and cardiovascular disease risk. Three samples from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined: (1) 7,340 non-fasting adults (aged 40-79 years); (2) 13,518 non-fasting adults (aged 20-64 years); and (3) 6,494 fasting adults (aged 20-64 years). Food security was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, with households categorized as having full, marginal, low, or very low food security. Regressions were conducted in 2018 to test the associations between food security status and odds of ≥20% 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among middle-aged to older adults (OR, 95% CI) and cardiovascular disease risk factors among all adults (β, 95% CI). Compared with adults with full food security, those with very low food security had higher odds of ≥20% 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.25, 4.46), whereas those with marginal food security had higher systolic blood pressure (β=0.94 mmHg, 95% CI=0.09, 1.80). Compared with adults with full food security, adults with different levels of food security had higher BMIs (marginal: 0.76, 95% CI=0.26, 1.26; low: 0.97, 95% CI=0.34, 1.60; and very low: 1.03, 95% CI=0.44, 1.63) and higher odds of current smoking (marginal: OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.17, 1.75; low: OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.22, 1.77; and very low: OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.60, 2.37). Adults with food insecurity have elevated cardiovascular disease risk factors and excess predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk. Substantially improving food security may be an important public health intervention to reduce future cardiovascular disease in the U.S.

Examining the high rate of cigarette smoking among adults with a GED

ObjectivesWe seek to identify characteristics of GED holders that explain their very high smoking rates compared with high school (HS) graduates. MethodsWe pooled data from the 2006–2014 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) for adults aged 25 and older (n=235,031) to describe cigarette smoking behaviors and smoking history for adults in six education categories, with a focus on comparing GED holders to HS graduates. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of current cigarette smoking and successful quitting, accounting for demographic, employment, family/sociocultural, mental health, and other potential confounders. ResultsThe smoking rate among adults with a GED (44.1%) was more than five times the rate for those with a college degree (8.3%) and almost twice the rate of adults whose highest level of education was a high school diploma (23.6%). GED holders were also more likely to have started smoking before the age of 15 (32.2%) compared with HS graduates (12.2%) (p<0.001). Even after controlling for 23 socio-demographic and health characteristics, GED holders retained significantly higher odds of current smoking compared to HS graduates (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.56, 1.93) and significantly lower odds of successful quitting (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94). ConclusionsGED holders had greater odds of being a current cigarette smoker, regardless of other characteristics that usually explain smoking. Earlier smoking initiation among GED holders, in combination with lower odds of quitting, contributed to their higher current smoking rate.

Erratum to: Prevalence and factors related to smoking and smoking cessation 6months following a cancer diagnosis: a population-based study.

Limited research has examined smoking amongst recent cancer survivors or the relative contribution of factors on smoking behaviour. This study aimed to describe amongst recent Australian cancer survivors (i) prevalence of smoking by cancer type, (ii) characteristics associated with continued smoking following diagnosis, (iii) intention to quit among those who continue to smoke and (iv) characteristics associated with quitting following diagnosis. Cross-sectional data were analysed from 1299 cancer survivors diagnosed with their first primary cancer recruited from two Australian cancer registries in Australia between 2006 and 2008. Of participants, 8.6 % reported current smoking. Participants who were younger and single or widowed reported higher odds of current smoking. Participants who had a certificate/diploma or tertiary education reported lower odds of smoking. Among current smokers, 53 % intended to quit in the future. Lung cancer survivors reported more than four times the odds of quitting smoking since diagnosis compared to other cancer types. Of recent Australian cancer survivors, 14 % report continued smoking. Smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with increased risk of mortality and further morbidity. There is a need to target cessation efforts towards survivors who are younger, without a partner and with a low level of education.

Prevalence and factors related to smoking and smoking cessation 6 months following a cancer diagnosis: a population-based study

Limited research has examined smoking amongst recent cancer survivors or the relative contribution of factors on smoking behaviour. This study aimed to describe amongst recent Australian cancer survivors (i) prevalence of smoking by cancer type, (ii) characteristics associated with continued smoking following diagnosis, (iii) intention to quit among those who continue to smoke and (iv) characteristics associated with quitting following diagnosis. Cross-sectional data were analysed from 1299 cancer survivors diagnosed with their first primary cancer recruited from two Australian cancer registries in Australia between 2006 and 2008. Of participants, 8.6% reported current smoking. Participants who were younger and single or widowed reported higher odds of current smoking. Participants who had a certificate/diploma or tertiary education reported lower odds of smoking. Among current smokers, 53% intended to quit in the future. Lung cancer survivors reported more than four times the odds of quitting smoking since diagnosis compared to other cancer types. Of recent Australian cancer survivors who were smokers, 14% reported that they never expected to quit smoking [corrected]. Smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with increased risk of mortality and further morbidity. There is a need to target cessation efforts towards survivors who are younger, without a partner and with a low level of education.

Relationship of Smokefree Laws and Alcohol Use with Light and Intermittent Smoking and Quit Attempts among US Adults and Alcohol Users

IntroductionLight and intermittent smoking (LITS) has become increasingly common. Alcohol drinkers are more likely to smoke. We examined the association of smokefree law and bar law coverage and alcohol use with current smoking, LITS, and smoking quit attempts among US adults and alcohol drinkers.MethodsCross-sectional analyses among a population-based sample of US adults (n = 27,731) using restricted data from 2009 National Health Interview Survey and 2009 American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation United States Tobacco Control Database. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the relationship of smokefree law coverage and drinking frequency (1) with current smoking among all adults; (2) with 4 LITS patterns among current smokers; and (3) with smoking quit attempts among 6 smoking subgroups. Same multivariate analyses were conducted but substituted smokefree bar law coverage for smokefree law coverage to investigate the association between smokefree bar laws and the outcomes. Finally we ran the above analyses among alcohol drinkers (n = 16,961) to examine the relationship of smokefree law (and bar law) coverage and binge drinking with the outcomes. All models controlled for demographics and average cigarette price per pack. The interactions of smokefree law (and bar law) coverage and drinking status was examined.ResultsStronger smokefree law (and bar law) coverage was associated with lower odds of current smoking among all adults and among drinkers, and had the same effect across all drinking and binge drinking subgroups. Increased drinking frequency and binge drinking were related to higher odds of current smoking. Smokefree law (and bar law) coverage and drinking status were not associated with any LITS measures or smoking quit attempts.ConclusionsStronger smokefree laws and bar laws are associated with lower smoking rates across all drinking subgroups, which provides further support for these policies. More strict tobacco control measures might help reduce cigarette consumption and increase quit attempts.

Disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence by type of disability, 2009-2011.

Smoking, the leading cause of disease and death in the United States, has been linked to a number of health conditions including cancer and cardiovascular disease. While people with a disability have been shown to be more likely to report smoking, little is known about the prevalence of smoking by type of disability, particularly for adults younger than 50 years of age. We used data from the 2009-2011 National Health Interview Survey to estimate the prevalence of smoking by type of disability and to examine the association of functional disability type and smoking among adults aged 18-49 years. Adults with a disability were more likely than adults without a disability to be current smokers (38.8% vs. 20.7%, p<0.001). Among adults with disabilities, the prevalence of smoking ranged from 32.4% (self-care difficulty) to 43.8% (cognitive limitation). When controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, having a disability was associated with statistically significantly higher odds of current smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.40, 1.77). The prevalence of current smoking for adults was higher for every functional disability type than for adults without a disability. By understanding the association between smoking and disability type among adults younger than 50 years of age, resources for cessation services can be better targeted during the ages when increased time for health improvement can occur.

Social capital and cigarette smoking among Latinos in the United States

This paper presents the results of analyses conducted to examine if social capital indicators were associated with current cigarette smoking and with quitting smoking among a national representative sample of Latinos living in the United States. Data are from 2540 Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and Other Latinos who participated in the National Latino and Asian American Survey. A significant inverse association between neighborhood cohesion and current smoking, and a positive association with quitting smoking, were found only among Mexican Americans. No other significant associations were found except for family conflict being associated with higher odds of current smoking with Cuban Americans. Implications of these findings are discussed to unravel the differences in social capital and smoking behaviors among Latino populations.