Higher Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies ancestry-specific loci for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disease with complex genetic etiology. Yet most known loci have only identified from the late-onset type AD in populations of European ancestry. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AD totaling 6878 Chinese and 63,926 European individuals. In addition to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus, our GWAS of two independent Chinese samples uncovered three novel AD susceptibility loci (KIAA2013, SLC52A3, and TCN2) and a novel ancestry-specific variant within EGFR (rs1815157). More replicated variants were observed in the Chinese (31%) than in the European samples (15%). In combining genome-wide associations and functional annotations, EGFR and TCN2 were prioritized as two of the most biologically significant genes. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization suggests that high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration might protect against AD. The current study reveals novel AD susceptibility loci, emphasizes the importance of diverse populations in AD genetic research, and advances our understanding of disease etiology. Loci KIAA2013, SLC52A3, and TCN2 were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese populations. rs1815157 within the EGFR locus was associated with AD in Chinese populations. The genetic architecture of AD varied between Chinese and European populations. EGFR and TCN2 were prioritized as two of the most biologically significant genes. High mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations might have protective effects against AD.

Lower Hematocrit is Associated with High Oxidative Stress and Low Antioxidant Status in Men Occupationally Exposed to Petrol

Abstract Context: The organic compounds in petrol are known to adversely affect the hematopoietic system. Occupational exposure to these volatile compounds can lead to heightened oxidative stress and the consumption of antioxidants. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of occupational exposure to petrol on hematological parameters and markers of oxidative stress among petrol station pump attendants and roadside black market petrol vendors in a metropolitan city in Nigeria. Settings and Design: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that assessed the effects of occupational petrol exposure on hematological parameters, antioxidant vitamins (C and E), and oxidative stress marker – malondialdehyde (MDA) – of petrol station pump attendants and roadside black-market petrol vendors aged ≥18 years in Kano metropolis. Materials and Methods: Forty (40) participants were recruited from each of the three groups (n = 120). Healthy blood donors were recruited as a control group. Complete blood counts, reticulocyte count, and biochemical assays for vitamins C and E and MDA were performed using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using R Studio v4.3.0. Mean values of laboratory parameters were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance, with Tunkey-HSD post-hoc analyses. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was significantly lower hematocrit (P = 0.0173) and higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, P value = 0.0206) in occupationally exposed individuals (n = 80) compared to healthy controls. When compared by the duration of exposure (<2 yrs vs ≥2 yrs), only the mean granulocyte count was significantly different (P value = 0.009) in the two groups. Exposed individuals have significantly higher MDA (P value = 0.000) and lower vitamin C levels (P value = 0.031), with higher Vitamin E levels (P value = 0.015). Conclusion: Prolonged unprotected occupational exposure to petrol has adverse effects on the human hematopoietic system, possibly through oxidative stress and proinflammatory mechanisms.

Sexual dimorphism in peripheral blood cell characteristics relate to success of endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract Introduction The success of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke is related to stroke etiology and clot composition. The latter two may differ between women and men. An improved understanding of sex differences in EVT success may contribute to more personalized treatment. We therefore tested the hypothesis that blood cell characteristics (BCCs) related to EVT success in acute ischemic stroke differ by sex. Methods We analyzed electronic health record (EHR) data of AIS patients undergoing EVT at a single intervention center. Of 311 patients, 71 pretreatment erythrocyte-, leukocyte-, and thrombocyte-related BCCs from the Sapphire hematology analyzer were extracted. BCCs were sex-stratified, clustered, and analyzed based on the first principal component of the clusters. To identify BCC clusters related to successful EVT (TICI 3), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) was performed, including cross-validation and stability selection to identify stable BCCs relative to EVT success in women and men. We also related the identified BCCs to stroke etiology (cardioembolism (CE), large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), undetermined), and controlled for known cardiovascular risk factors. Results Successful EVT was achieved in 69 women (51%) and 87 men (49%). Women and men differed on 21 out of 71 BCCs (pFDR-corrected < 0.05). Analyzing sex-stratified data led to lower error rates for the female model for EVT success compared to the pooled (t(192.4) = 5.9, p < 0.001), and male model (t(182.6) = -15.6, p < 0.001). In women, a higher number of reticulocytes was associated with successful EVT and CE, whereas a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was associated with unsuccessful EVT and LAA. In men, a higher coefficient of variance of lymphocyte complexity of the intracellular structure was associated unsuccessful EVT and LAA. Conclusions BCCs associated with EVT success differed by sex and were related to stroke subtype. This improved understanding may contribute to more personalized treatment of acute ischemic stroke.Model performance after sex-stratifyingSex-specific BCCs relate to EVT success

Effect of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass with increased kynurenic acid content on selected metabolic indicators in mice.

The unconventional yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica is a valuable source of protein and many other nutrients. It can be used to produce hydrolytic enzymes and metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan with a multidirectional effect on the body. The administration of Y. lipolytica with an increased content of KYNA in the diet may have a beneficial effect on metabolism, which was evaluated in a nutritional experiment on mice. In the dry biomass of Y. lipolytica S12 enriched in KYNA (high-KYNA yeast) and low-KYNA (control) yeast, the content of KYNA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, proximate and amino acid composition and selected indicators of antioxidant status were compared. The effect of 5% high-KYNA yeast content in the diet on the growth, hematological and biochemical indices of blood and the redox status of the liver was determined in a 7-week experiment on adult male mice from an outbred colony derived from A/St, BALB/c, BN/a and C57BL/6J inbred strains. High-KYNA yeast was characterized by a greater concentration of KYNA than low-KYNA yeast (0.80 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01 g/kg dry matter), lower content of crude protein with a less favorable amino acid composition and minerals, higher level of crude fiber and fat and lower ferric-reducing antioxidant power, concentration of phenols and glutathione. Consumption of the high-KYNA yeast diet did not affect the cumulative body weight gain per cage, cumulative food intake per cage and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control diet. A trend towards lower mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit, higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lower serum total protein and globulins was observed, increased serum total cholesterol and urea were noted. Its ingestion resulted in a trend towards greater ferric-reducing antioxidant power in the liver and did not affect the degree of liver lipid and protein oxidation. The improvement of the quality of Y. lipolytica yeast biomass with increased content of KYNA, including its antioxidant potential, would be affected by the preserved level of protein and unchanged amino acid profile. It will be worth investigating the effect of such optimized yeast on model animals, including animals with metabolic diseases.

Sexual dimorphism in peripheral blood cell characteristics linked to recanalization success of endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) success to treat acute ischemic stroke varies with factors like stroke etiology and clot composition, which can differ between sexes. We studied if sex-specific blood cell characteristics (BCCs) are related to recanalization success. We analyzed electronic health records of 333 EVT patients from a single intervention center, and extracted 71 BCCs from the Sapphire flow cytometry analyzer. Through Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, incorporating cross-validation and stability selection, we identified BCCs associated with successful recanalization (TICI 3) in both sexes. Stroke etiology was considered, while controlling for cardiovascular risk factors. Of the patients, successful recanalization was achieved in 51% of women and 49% of men. 21 of the 71 BCCs showed significant differences between sexes (pFDR-corrected < 0.05). The female-focused recanalization model had lower error rates than both combined [t(192.4) = 5.9, p < 0.001] and male-only models [t(182.6) = − 15.6, p < 0.001]. In women, successful recanalization and cardioembolism were associated with a higher number of reticulocytes, while unsuccessful recanalization and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) as cause of stroke were associated with a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. In men, unsuccessful recanalization and LAA as cause of stroke were associated with a higher coefficient of variance of lymphocyte complexity of the intracellular structure. Sex-specific BCCs related to recanalization success varied and were linked to stroke etiology. This enhanced understanding may facilitate personalized treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

Differences in selected blood parameters between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs.

Cranial and upper-airway anatomy of short-nosed, flat-faced brachycephalic dogs predisposes them to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Periodic apnoea increased inspiratory resistance, and an inability to thermoregulate effectively are characteristic of BOAS, but internationally accepted objective markers of BOAS severity are missing. The objective of this study was to compare the selected blood parameters between non-brachycephalic (NC) and brachycephalic (BC) dogs, exploring the possibility of developing a blood test for BOAS severity grading in the future. We evaluated blood biochemistry, complete blood cell counts, red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte counts, a blood-born marker of intermittent hypoxia (glutathione, NO production), RBC hydration, deformability, and blood markers of metabolic changes and stress between BC (n = 18) and NC (meso- and dolichocephalic, n = 22) dogs. Reticulocyte counts and the abundance of middle-fluorescence immature reticulocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. BC dogs had significantly more NO-derived NO/NO in plasma than NC dogs. RBCs of BC dogs were shedding significantly more membrane, as follows from the intensity of eosin maleimide staining, and had a significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration than NC dogs. Intracellular reduced glutathione content in RBCs of BC dogs was significantly lower, while plasma lactate was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower, and cortisol was significantly higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Eosinophil counts were significantly lower and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in BC dogs compared to NC dogs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the brachycephalic phenotype in dogs is associated with alterations at the level of blood cells and, systemically, with oxidation and metabolic changes. The parameters identified within this study should be further investigated for their potential as objective indicators for BOAS.

Erythrocyte Indices in Asymptomatic Malaria Infected Pregnant Women

Background: Red blood cell changes are one of the most common complications in malaria and they play a very crucial role in malaria pathogenesis. Malaria infections are one of the common causes of maternal anaemia especially during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine red cell indices of pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Antenatal Unit both of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, between June and September 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: The study population consisted of 90 pregnant women (65 pregnant women positive to malaria parasite without symptoms and 25 pregnant women negative to malaria parasite) and 26 control non-pregnant women. For the whole study population, red cell indices which include hemoglobin (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD), red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) were measured by automated haematology analyzer.&#x0D; Results: In the asymptomatic malaria group (AMG), 21 (32.3%) had mild anaemia (HGB level 9.0-10.0 g/dl), 11 (16.9%) had moderate anaemia (HGB level 7.0-8.0 g/dl) and 2 (3.1%) had severe anaemia (HGB level &lt;7.0 g/dl). Also in AMG group, the RDW-SD was 54.22 +/- 11.45 fl, whereas in control group it was 48.75 +/- 10.24 fl (p=0.002). Again in the AMG group the MCHC of those that had two pluses was 318.03 +/- 16.31 g/l, whereas in those that had one plus, it was 309 +/- 20.17 g/l. The comparison between the first, second and third trimester showed significant decrease in HGB (7.63 +/- 1.36 vs 11.64 +/- 0.72 g/dl) and PCV (26.98 +/- 5.14 vs 36.20 +/- 2.19 %) in third trimester compared to first trimester (p= &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001). whereas RDW-CV (18.96 +/- 5.04 vs 15.00 +/- 2.64 %) and RDW-SD (59.04 +/- 15.19 vs 49.16+/- 7.00 fl) (p= 0.002, 0.003) significantly increased in third trimester compared to first trimester&#x0D; Conclusion: This study found anaemia in asymptomatic malaria infected pregnant women, significant decrease in haemoglobin and packed cell volume at third trimester, higher MCHC in those with two pluses of malaria and significant increase in red cell distribution width at third trimester.

Risk factors associated with malignant vasovagal syncope in children

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of malignant vasovagal syncope (VVS) in children. Methods: This was a case-control study. The data of 368 VVS patients who were treated in the Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2017 to December 2021 was collected and analyzed. They were divided into malignant VVS group and non-malignant VVS group according to the presence of sinus arrest, and then their demographic characteristics were compared. The children with malignant VVS and complete clinical information were recruited into the case group and were matched by age and sex (1∶4 ratio) with non-malignant VVS patients during the same period.Their clinical characteristics and lab tests were compared. Independent sample t test, Mann Whitney U or χ2 test was used for comparison between groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for malignant VVS in children. Results: Eleven malignant VVS and 342 non-malignant VVS met the inclusion and exclusion critera. Eleven malignant VVS and 44 non-malignant children were recruited in the case-control study. Ten patients of the 11 malignant VVS had a cardiac arrest occurring at 35 (28, 35) minutes of the head-up tilt test, and the duration of sinus arrest was (9±5) s. One patient had syncope occurring while waiting for drawing blood, and the duration of sinus arrest was 3.4 s. The children with malignant vasovagal syncope were younger than non-malignant VVS patients (9 (7, 10) vs. 12 (10, 14) years old, P<0.05), and had higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and standard deviation of the mean cardiac cycle over 5-minute period within 24 hours ((347±9) vs. (340±8) g/L, (124±9) vs. (113±28) ms, both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that MCHC was an independent risk factor for malignant VVS in pediatric patients (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.02-1.26, P=0.024). Conclusions: The onset age of malignant VVS was younger, with no other special clinical manifestations. MCHC was an independent risk factor for malignant VVS.

Role of the haematological phenotype as a predictive biomarker of retinopathy of prematurity development

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate haematological parameters as possible biomarkers of the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods: Multicenter, observational, and prospective study of preterm infants (PTI) from eight NICU, born in Portugal with gestational age (GA) &lt; 32 weeks or birth weight (BW) &lt;1500 g. ROP staging performed according to the International Classification of ROP (ICROP). Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from the first week of life. Complete blood count (CBC) was determined according to standardized methods. According to the maximum stage of ROP, PTI were divided into four groups: without ROP, ROP stage 1 (ROP‐1), ROP stage 2 (ROP‐2) and ROP stage 3 (ROP‐3). Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program with significant value for p &lt; 0.05.Results: 455 PTI were included, GA average of 29.5 ± 2.3 weeks, BW average of 1165.7 ± 313.9 grams and 50.5% were female. In this study 37.8% of the PTI developed ROP: 20% had ROP‐1, 9.4% ROP‐2 and 8.4% ROP‐3. 4.6% of PTI received treatment: laser was performed in 12 PTI (2.6%), anti‐VEGF in 7 PTI (1.5%), anti‐VEGF and laser in 1 PTI (0.2%), and anti‐VEGF, laser, and surgery in 1 PTI (0.2%). ROP‐3 was significantly associated with lower GA (p = &lt;0.001), BW (p &lt; 0.001), erythrocytes (p &lt; 0.001), haemoglobin (p &lt; 0.001), haematocrit (p &lt; 0.001), lymphocyte (p = 0.047) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) (p = 0.018) compared with the other groups. Neutrophils (p = 0.039) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p &lt; 0.001) were higher in ROP‐3. For PTI who did not develop ROP were observed, in relation with the other groups: higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p &lt; 0.001), platelets (p = 0.029) and plateletcrit (PCT) (p = 0.007) and lower red cell distribution width (RDW) (p = 0.015) and erythroblast (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: This study shows that the increase in neutrophils, NLR, and RDW and the decrease in lymphocytes, LMR, erythrocytes, and platelets may constitute early and low‐cost predictive biomarkers of ROP development.

Hematological, Biochemical Properties, and Clinical Correlates of Hemoglobin S Variant Disorder: A New Insight Into Sickle Cell Trait

BackgroundThe sickle cell trait (SCT) disorder possesses a clinical heterogeneity ranging from a symptomless condition to sudden death. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic approach that helps the characterization and identification of SCT from normal subjects and sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, and to assess its severity.MethodsSixty controls, 24 SCD patients and 31 SCT subjects were assessed clinically, radiologically and by laboratory investigations.ResultsOf the SCT subjects, 12.8% were symptomatic (3.2% anemic, 6.4% hemolytic crisis, and 3.2% painful crises). Anemia was normocytic in 66.6%, and normochromic and polychromatic in 33.4%. Significantly lower red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), hematocrit (Hct), Shine and Lal index (SL), and hemoglobin A (Hb A), and higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), Ricerca index (RI), and Huber-Herklotz index (HH) were found in SCT subjects compared with the controls. Hb A and hemoglobin S (Hb S) were excellent in discriminating SCT from SCD (cut-off for SCT > 50% and < 40%) followed by Hct, MCHC, Hb, Green and King index (GK), and England and Fraser index (EF) (cut-off for SCT > 33%, > 32, > 11, < 71, and < 10, respectively). Radiologically normal findings were detected in 87% of SCT subjects; they had nearly normal liver and renal function tests (except one case each). A schematic diagnostic paradigm for SCT was proposed.ConclusionThis study allowed understanding of SCT in various aspects, i.e., clinical, hematological, biochemical and radiological. Thus, it could help prevention of the Hb S variant disorder and proper management of carriers. This might be applied in pre-marital screening, particularly in those with family history of Hb S disorder.

Higher Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration is Associated with Worse Prognosis of Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

BackgroundHepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of decompensated cirrhosis with high mortality. However, few prognostic factors have been identified and studies are urgently needed to facilitate precise treatment. MethodsPatients with decompensated cirrhosis and acute kidney injury were enrolled from four general hospitals between January 2010 and March 2020. Demographic and laboratory data were compared between surviving and non-surviving patients and also among different levels of HRS severity. COX regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) on survival of patients with HRS. ResultsOut of a total of 1287 patients enrolled, 325 patients were analyzed. MCHC was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors, and in patients with more serious disease, defined as failure of organ systems. The hazard ratio (HR) of mortality was 1.17, 1.18 and 1.11, when adjusted by the crude model, model 1 and model 2, respectively. When MCHC was converted to a categorical variable based on the quartile of MCHC, the HR for the highest quartile of MCHC was 2.11 (95% CI: 1.45-3.06, P <0.05) compared to the lowest quartile of MCHC in the crude model, and when adjusted for age and sex (model 1), the HR was 2.20 (95% CI: 1.52-3.20, P <0.05). In model 2, which was adjusted for complex characteristics, the HR was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.17-2.68, P <0.05). The results of Kaplan‐Meier curves were consistent with those from Cox regression analysis. ConclusionsHigher MCHC was associated with worse prognosis in HRS.

Whole-genome sequencing association analysis of quantitative red blood cell phenotypes: The NHLBI TOPMed program

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a powerful tool for detecting novel coding and non-coding disease-causing variants, has largely been applied to clinical diagnosis of inherited disorders. Here we leveraged WGS data in up to 62,653 ethnically diverse participants from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and assessed statistical association of variants with seven red blood cell (RBC) quantitative traits. We discovered 14 single variant-RBC trait associations at 12 genomic loci, which have not been reported previously. Several of the RBC trait-variant associations (RPN1, ELL2, MIDN, HBB, HBA1, PIEZO1, and G6PD) were replicated in independent GWAS datasets imputed to the TOPMed reference panel. Most of these discovered variants are rare/low frequency, and several are observed disproportionately among non-European Ancestry (African, Hispanic/Latino, or East Asian) populations. We identified a 3bp indel p.Lys2169del (g.88717175_88717177TCT[4]) (common only in the Ashkenazi Jewish population) of PIEZO1, a gene responsible for the Mendelian red cell disorder hereditary xerocytosis (MIM: 194380), associated with higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In stepwise conditional analysis and in gene-based rare variant aggregated association analysis, we identified several of the variants in HBB, HBA1, TMPRSS6, and G6PD that represent the carrier state for known coding, promoter, or splice site loss-of-function variants that cause inherited RBC disorders. Finally, we applied base and nuclease editing to demonstrate that the sentinel variant rs112097551 (nearest gene RPN1) acts through a cis-regulatory element that exerts long-range control of the gene RUVBL1 which is essential for hematopoiesis. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of WGS in ethnically diverse population-based samples and gene editing for expanding knowledge of the genetic architecture of quantitative hematologic traits and suggest a continuum between complex trait and Mendelian red cell disorders.

Haematologic and Biochemical Parameters of Haemogregarine-infected ‎and Non-infected African Hinge-Back Tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters of haemogregarine-infected (h-infected) and non-infected African hinge-back tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 120 tortoises, of which 70 were Kinixys belliana and 50 were K. homeana. Stained thin smears were examined for haemogregarines using light microscope. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out following standard procedures. A total of 91(75.83 %) tortoises were positive for haemogregarines. Significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower values of haematocrit (23.92 %), haemoglobin (5.21g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (21.78 %) were recorded for h-infected tortoises with haematocrit (33.29 %), haemoglobin (8.31g/dl) and MCHC (24.96 %). Higher values of white blood cells (WBC) (7.26 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.71x109/L), were observed in h-infected than non-infected with WBC (5.58 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.15x109/L). Higher values of haematocrit and haemaglobin were recorded for K. Homeana. Males had higher haematocrit (27.27 %) and WBC (7.09 x 109/L) than females with haematocrit (24.35 %) and WBC (6.93 x 109/L). Females had higher MCHC, haemoglobin and calcium values than males.The lower values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and MCHC obtained for h-infected tortoises were expected since haemogregarines are usually found intra-erythrocytic in their host thereby destroying affected erythrocytes and causing a decrease in haematocrit value. Higher WBC counts in h-infected tortoises is typical in diseased conditions. The higher level of calcium in female tortoises is due to their reproductive cycle especially vitellogenesis and egg formation. Hypo-proteinaemia recorded in h- infected tortoises was attributed to parasitism. It is concluded that majority of haematological and biochemical analytes showed considerable variations with level of infection status, species and gender.

Haematological and biochemical indices of camels fed some preferred forages

The study was aimed at investigating the hematological parameters and biochemical profile of camels fed some preferred forages in the Sudan Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. A total of five healthy male camels were used in six feeding periods. The blood indices were determined at an interval of one week during the feeding period. The results show significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). No significant difference (P&gt;0.05) was recorded in neutrophils, amylase and cholesterol. Also, the blood urea level, total protein, serum globulin and albumin were affected significantly (P&lt;0.05) by the experimental forages. It was however concluded that experimental forages could induce significant changes in the physiological responses of the dromedary camel blood without deleterious effect.

Erythrocyte Characteristics and the Risk of Depression in Late Life: A Population-Based Prospective Study

ObjectivesInflammation and vascular dysregulation may contribute to the development of depression and impose a burden on erythropoiesis. This study aimed to identify the association of erythrocyte indices with the severity of depressive symptoms and risk of developing depressive disorders in the older people. DesignA prospective cohort study on a randomly sampled Korean older population; the baseline assessment from 2010 to 2012, the first follow-up assessment from 2012 to 2014, and the second follow-up assessment from 2014 to 2016 (mean follow-up duration = 3.4 years). SettingA nationwide and community-based cohort. ParticipantsA total of 4451 Koreans aged 60 years or older. MethodsWe examined the associations of the values and changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with the risk of prevalent and incident depression using logistic regression analyses. ResultsHigh MCH and MCHC in female participants and high MCHC in male participants were associated with high geriatric depression scale scores and risk of prevalent depression. In female participants, high- and middle-MCH tertile groups showed a 2.68- and 2.34-fold higher risk of incident depression than did the low tertile group. In male participants, the high-MCH tertile group showed a 1.79-fold higher risk of incident depression than did the low tertile group. In both sexes, the participants whose MCV changed to the high or middle tertile or remained in the high or middle tertile during the follow-up period, and whose MCH increased to the high tertile or remained in the high tertile, were at a higher risk of incident depression. Conclusions and ImplicationsChanges in erythrocyte may be associated with the risk of depression in older adults. This prospective study proposes a new perspective of the old hematologic parameters for understanding the pathophysiology of late-life depression.

TEKRARLAYAN DÜŞÜK VE TAM KAN SAYIMI DEĞERLERİ ARASINDA HERHANGİ BİR İLİŞKİ VAR MI? BİR VAKA-KONTROL ÇALIŞMASI

Objective: It was aimed to examine the relationship of complete blood count values with recurrent miscarriage.Method: We carried out a case-control study of patients who had recurrent miscarriage between 2010-2018. Data were collected from 50 patients who were meeting the case group inclusion criteria, and age-matched healthy control group with at least one live birth who consisted of 60 women. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW) and plateletcrit count (PCT) were examined by complete blood count. SPSS 20.0.0 software was used for statistical analysis. P values &amp;lt;0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the case group was 29.8±5.8 years, and the mean age of the control group was 28.7±5.2 years (p&amp;gt;0,05). MPV and RDW values and PCT calculations were significantly higher than healthy control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). MCHC levels of case group were lower than control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). There were no significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, and PDW (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion: Complete blood count parameters such as high MPV, RDW, PCT, and low MCHC could be considered as an important predictor of recurrent miscarriage. Our findings should be supported by further prospective studies involving a larger number of patients in order to clarify the relationship between these blood cell function markers and recurrent miscarriage.

Factors Associated With Short-Term and Long-Term Survival in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Using Semi- Parametric Mixture Cure Models.

Introduction Understanding the factors affecting the survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis is the mainstay of care in this population. The present study aims at finding these features using novel cure models that discover factors important in both long term and short-term survival of patients undergoing HD. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from the database of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Special Diseases Administration including patients of 34 HD centers during 2011 to 2015. The primary outcome was death. Considering people with no death event as cured, the rest of the patients considered as uncured. To evaluate the factors affecting mortality, we used a mixture cure model (MCM) that model the long-term and short-term survival of patients separately. Results Of 506 patients, 68.75% of women and 75.0% of men were long-term survivors. The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 57.5 (± 16.5) years and the empirical value of the cure rate was 72.9%. Sex, age, and Kt/Vurea were recognized as important factors in the long-term survival. In other words, lower age, male sex, and Kt/ Vurea ≥ 1.2 significantly increased the odds of being cured. The factors effective in short-term survival were mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum hemoglobin. The serum hemoglobin between 11 and 12.5 and a high MCHC decreased the risk of death. Conclusion Using cure model survival analysis, it was found that factors affecting the proportion of the patients with long-term survival might be different from those affecting short-term survival.

Do MCHC, MPV, and Procalcitonin Levels Determine Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Aim Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) continues to be the main cause of mortality and morbidity globally. The aim was to assess serum procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels in terms of complications after myocardial infarctus, triple vein coronary artery disease (TVCAD), and mortality prediction. Material and Method This cross-sectional cohort study included 200 patients with ACS attending the emergency department of our hospital with chest pain and admitted to the cardiology clinic from January 2014 to December 2016. Patients were divided into 4 groups as inferior group, anterior group, NSTEMI group, and UA group according to diagnosis. These groups were compared in terms of complications occurring after MI, TVCAD, and mortality rates. Results There were significant differences in terms of complications forming after ACS, TVCAD, and mortality. The inferior subgroup had high PCT and MCHC levels and was found to have more complications developing and mortality compared to other groups. Patients with high PCT and MPV values were identified to have higher mortality and TVCAD. In the anterior subgroup, ischemic heart failure was higher compared to the other groups. In the interior, anterior, and non-ST elevated myocardial infarctus (NSTEMI) groups, the 0-, 6-, and 12-hour cTnI values were significantly higher compared to the UA group, while the anterior group had a significantly higher 12-hour cTnI value compared to the NSTEMI group. Correlation analysis for PCT, MCHC, and MPV with complications developing after MI, mortality, and TVCAD found positive and statistically significant correlations. Conclusion High PCT, MCHC, and MPV levels in acute coronary syndrome may be beneficial predictive values in terms of complications that may develop, TVCAD, and mortality.

Effect of Breed and Gender on Hematological Parameters and Some Serum Biochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy indigenous Sheep of Nepal

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of some factors such as breed and sex on biochemical and serum parameters as well as to establish normal physiological reference values for indigenous breed of sheep of Nepal. Blood sample were collected from 25 apparently healthy sheep (11 males and 14 females) from on station flock at Khumaltar, Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) were used. In case of serum biochemical parameters, overall LS mean for total Protein (TP) was less than physiological range while Albumin (Alb) was recorded higher than normal physiological range. The breed differences were observed in TP where Lampuchhre sheep (lowland sheep) showed the lower value than hill sheep breeds (Baruwal and Kage sheep) taken in the study. The same breed exhibited gender variation in the same parameter with values in males were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than females. Comparing LS Mean for Alb and Phosphrous (P) for Nepalese sheep, value recorded for females were found to be significantly higher P (&lt;0.05) than males in case of serum Alb while serum P was significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) in females. For RBC indices, Nepalese sheep exhibited higher Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) was higher than normal physiological range. LYM and NE value was significantly higher in Kage breed in comparison to Lampuchhre and Baruwal. The highly significant gender variation for Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (P&lt;0.01) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin MCH (P&lt;0.05) where female showed the higher value than males. The result of the preliminary study revealed the breed and sex variation in case of hematological and biochemical indices Further research with more number of samples is warranted for concrete information which could be used to monitor animal health status to improve the management and conservation of these breeds.

Sex-specific reference intervals of hematologic and biochemical analytes in Sprague-Dawley rats using the nonparametric rank percentile method.

BackgroundHematologic and biochemical analytes of Sprague-Dawley rats are commonly used to determine effects that were induced by treatment and to evaluate organ dysfunction in toxicological safety assessments, but reference intervals have not been well established for these analytes. Reference intervals as presently defined for these analytes in Sprague-Dawley rats have not used internationally recommended statistical method nor stratified by sex. Thus, we aimed to establish sex-specific reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 and American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guideline.MethodsHematology and biochemistry blood samples were collected from 500 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (250 males and 250 females) in the control groups. We measured 24 hematologic analytes with the Sysmex XT-2100i analyzer, 9 biochemical analytes with the Olympus AU400 analyzer. We then determined statistically relevant sex partitions and calculated reference intervals, including corresponding 90% confidence intervals, using nonparametric rank percentile method.ResultsWe observed that most hematologic and biochemical analytes of Sprague-Dawley rats were significantly influenced by sex. Males had higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of monocytes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglycerides compared to females. Females had higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, plateletcrit, platelet count, eosinophils, percentage of lymphocytes, percentage of eosinophils, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol and urea compared to males. Sex partition was required for most hematologic and biochemical analytes in Sprague-Dawley rats. We established sex-specific reference intervals, including corresponding 90% confidence intervals, for Sprague-Dawley rats.ConclusionsUnderstanding the significant discrepancies in hematologic and biochemical analytes between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats provides important insight into physiological effects in test rats. Establishment of locally sex-specific reference intervals allows a more precise evaluation of animal quality and experimental results of Sprague-Dawley rats in our toxicology safety assessment.