Higher Levels Of VO2max Research Articles

DNA methylation clock DNAmFitAge shows regular exercise is associated with slower aging and systemic adaptation

DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and the newly developed DNAmFitAge are DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers that reflect the individual aging process. Here, we examine the relationship between physical fitness and DNAm-based biomarkers in adults aged 33–88 with a wide range of physical fitness (including athletes with long-term training history). Higher levels of VO2max (ρ = 0.2, p = 6.4E − 4, r = 0.19, p = 1.2E − 3), Jumpmax (p = 0.11, p = 5.5E − 2, r = 0.13, p = 2.8E − 2), Gripmax (ρ = 0.17, p = 3.5E − 3, r = 0.16, p = 5.6E − 3), and HDL levels (ρ = 0.18, p = 1.95E − 3, r = 0.19, p = 1.1E − 3) are associated with better verbal short-term memory. In addition, verbal short-term memory is associated with decelerated aging assessed with the new DNAm biomarker FitAgeAcceleration (ρ: − 0.18, p = 0.0017). DNAmFitAge can distinguish high-fitness individuals from low/medium-fitness individuals better than existing DNAm biomarkers and estimates a younger biological age in the high-fit males and females (1.5 and 2.0 years younger, respectively). Our research shows that regular physical exercise contributes to observable physiological and methylation differences which are beneficial to the aging process. DNAmFitAge has now emerged as a new biological marker of quality of life.

Impact of VO2max on mechanical variables, lactic acid concentration and shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw among handball players

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various VO2 max rates on mechanical variables, lactic acid concentration, and shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw among handball players. The experimental method consisted of two experiments: one for calculating the VO2 max in the laboratory and another for testing the shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw. A total of 36 handball players who specialized in shooting the 7-meter throw participated in the current study. They were divided into three equal groups in terms of training age, VO2 max level and the shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw at rest time. Their average age was 24.1±3.2 years, their height was 177±23 cm, and their weight was 72±4.3 kg. We used three Canon Eos 80D cameras, a Scout Cortex lactate device, and Kinovea 0.9.5 software for performance evaluation. The study's results revealed a statistically significant effect of multiple rates of VO2 max on some mechanical variables, lactic acid concentration, and shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw among handball players, with a negative effect that increases when the rates of VO2 max become greater at the level of significance (α = 0.00). In light of the study's results, the researcher advised handball coaches to work on increasing their players' VO2 max levels or delaying their players' access to higher levels of VO2 max to avoid an increase in the concentration of lactic acid in the blood and, as a result, a decrease in the players' abilities to perform the 7-meter throw skill. According to the results of this study, they should also consider the use of pauses and substitutions during matches to ensure that players do not reach levels of up to 65% of VO2 max.

P4430Physical activity in leisure time: complying with the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines increases maximum oxygen consumption

Abstract Introduction/Objectives The promotion of physical activity is a universal recommendation for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical practice guidelines recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate or severe physical activity or ≥75 min of severe intensity.Our objective was to analyze whether reaching the physical activity levels recommended in the clinical practice guidelines evaluated by validated questionnaires and accelerometry, is associated with higher level of VO2 max. Methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of 243 participants in the PREDIMED PLUS study (site: Vitoria-Gasteiz), (82 women), 65±4,9 years old, with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity. They performed a maximum exercise testing with expired gas analyses. Physical activity in leisure time was evaluated using subjective methods: self-reported questionnaires REGICOR and RAPA 1 and objective methods: chair test and accelerometry (91 subjects). Sedentarism was analyzed with the Nurses Health Study questionnaire and accelerometry Results Subjects who claimed to comply with the recommendations of the PA guidelines in the REGICOR questionnaire achieved higher maximum oxygen consumption (21.3±4.6 vs 18±4.4 ml/kg/min; P<0.001) and those who reported more physical activity in the RAPA 1 test showed a maximum oxygen consumption 18% higher than the less active group (P < . 001). However, those who performed ≥150 min/week of moderate/intense physical activity by accelerometry did not differ significantly from those who did not (21.1±4.7 vs 19.9±4.7 ml/kg/min; P: 0.644). Conclusions Subjects with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity who claim to meet PA recommendations in the REGICOR and RAPA tests achieve higher máximum oxygen consumption

25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relation to muscle strength, maximal oxygen consumption, and body mass index in young and middle adulthood women.

IntroductionVitamin D is a potent secosteroid hormone that provides many health benefits. The ubiquitous nature of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggests widespread effect.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and muscle strength, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and body mass index (BMI) in Iranian young and middle adulthood women.Participants and methodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 182 healthy Iranian women within the age range of 26–60 years. Body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. VO2max was determined by the Rockport test. Muscle strength was determined by the chest press, leg press, and hand grip test. Also, circulating levels of 25OHD were evaluated.ResultsResults showed a significant relationship between 25OHD levels and BMI, VO2max, and muscle strength (chest press, leg press, hand grip dominant hand [HGDH], and hand grip nondominant hand [HGNDH]) in young and middle adulthood women (BMI in young and middle adulthood: r=−0.48, P<0.001 and r=−0.27, P=0.01, respectively; VO2max in young and middle adulthood women: r=0.69, P<0.001 and r=0.57, P<0.001, respectively; chest press, leg press, HGDH, and HGNDH in young adulthood: r=0.58, r=0.59, r=0.65, and r=0.42, respectively, P<0.001; and in middle adulthood: r=0.73, r=0.34, r=0.66, and r=0.55, respectively, P≤0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher levels of VO2max, HGDH, and chest press predicted higher 25OHD levels in the young adulthood women (R2=0.75; β=0.39, β=0.35, and β=0.30, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, VO2max and HGDH were the strongest predictor of 25OHD levels in the middle adulthood women (R2=0.71; β=0.35, β=0.40, respectively; P<0.001).ConclusionBased on the results, it could be concluded that VO2max and strength are useful indirect marker for 25OHD levels in the young and middle adulthood women. It also seems that VO2max and HGDH strength had stronger associations with 25OHD levels in the young adulthood women, and chest press and HGDH had stronger associations with 25OHD levels in the middle adulthood women.

The relationship of maximal oxygen consumption to bone mineral density in Iranian young women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Iranian young women. Iranian young women (n = 127), aged 24-36 years, participated in this study. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. VO2 max was determined by the Rackport test. In addition, blood levels of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were evaluated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device was used to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). Results showed a significant relationship between VO2 max with LS and FN BMDs (LS: r = .50 and .59, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher levels of VO2 max predicted higher BMD LS and FN. Based on the results, the researchers concluded that VO2 max is a useful indirect marker for BMD in young women. Also, it seems that VO2 max may be able to predict the potential for osteoporosis in Iranian young women.

Differences in the Level of Morphological Characteristics, Speed Abilities and Aerobic Endurance in Relation to the Team Position of Top Female Football Players

The aim of this paper is to determine the differences in the level of morphological characteristics, speed abilities and aerobic endurance according to the team positions of top female football players. The study included 18 female football players (age 21.33±3.67, body mass index 20.94±1.95). Female football players are classified under the following team positions: defenders (n = 7 ; 23±16.4 years), midfielders (n = 6, 20.5±14.3 years) and attackers (n = 5 ; 20±31.3 years). The following tests were used: 0-5m sprint (s), 0-10m sprint (s), 0-20m sprint (s), 0-30m sprint (s) and Beep test. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the ratio of body weight (kg) and body height (cm). Based on the Beep test, the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was calculated and presented in its relative value (ml/kg/min). The attackers had a higher body height (170.1±7.46) and weight (59.60±8.84) than those playing in midfield and defense positions. Also, the attackers were faster in the sprint on the 5m (1.17±.06), 10m (1.91±.06), 20m (3.27±.10) and 30m (4.51±.17) than female players in midfield and defense positions. Midfield players had higher level of VO2max (50.03±2.69) than female players in defensive and offensive team positions. Test results of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there are significant differences in the level of morphological features, speed and aerobic endurance capabilities between the top female football players, regardless of their team position (p>0.05). It is obvious that good speed abilities on short sprint sections as well as high level of aerobic endurance at high intensity are required regardless of players team position in the women’s football. It is important to note that selection for team positions can not only be based on morphological characteristics, speed abilities and aerobic endurance of players. Also, tactical tasks as well as technical characteristics of players need to be considered for selection of team positions in the women’s football.

Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Variables of Elite Athletes

Summary Synchronized swimming and aerobic gymnastics are competitive sports that have grown in popularity throughout the Slovakia and around the world. Unfortunately, a paucity of research exists either on anthropometric and physiological characteristics or physical benefits of these sports. The present study examined anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics of control group - CO (n = 10) in comparison to competitive synchronized swimmers - SS (n = 11) and aerobic gymnasts - AG (n = 10) between the ages of 13 and 25 years. The physical measures were assessed per the protocols in the following order: height (BH), weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and % body fat (% BF). The measurements of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) were examined by spiroergometry via COSMED K4b2. All measurements were collected by trained data collection staff. An analysis of variance (Kruskal - Wallis) with a Mann-Whitney U test for the significant effect among the three groups showed that aerobic gymnasts were taller than synchronized swimmers and control group (p = .02). Training and conditioning requirements specific for the two athletic groups caused that AG and SS have higher level of VO2max (p = .02) and VO2max.kg-1 (p = .00), and also lower level of the body weight (p= .01), BMI (p = .01) and the % BF (p = .00). These findings confirm that selected parameters are considered the bases for success in elite sports. This information could also help to design specific training and evaluate the adaptation to training stimuli with the aim to maximize sport performance.

Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test] with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with RA. A total of 150 RA patients were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel CVD risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year CVD risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. Mean VO2max for all RA patients was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year CVD risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year CVD risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. VO2max levels are alarmingly low in RA patients. Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in RA.

Is there an association between PPARGC1A genotypes and endurance capacity in Chinese men?

Our purpose was to determine the possible association between genotypes of three polymorphisms (Gly482Ser, Thr394Thr and A2962G) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene, on one hand, and both the pre- (baseline) and post-training levels of maximal (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]) and submaximal human endurance capacity (i.e., running economy [RE]). We studied 102 young males (physically active, non-athletes; age: 19+/-1 yrs) from Northern China (of Han origin) who underwent a 18-week endurance training (running) program and were tested on a treadmill (for VO2max and RE determination) before and after training. None of the VO2max and RE related traits were associated with the Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr polymorphisms at baseline or after training. The A2962G polymorphism was however associated with VO2max at baseline, as carriers of the G allele (AG+GG genotypes; n=49) had higher levels of VO2max than the AA group (n=53) (58.2+/-4.3 vs 56.3+/-3.9 mL/kg/min; P=0.017). Our results do not support previous data on Caucasians showing an association between the Gly482Ser variant and VO2max but suggest the potential role of another polymorphism (A2962G) to explain individual VO2max differences in Chinese men.

Moderate or Vigorous Intensity Exercise: Which Is Better for Improving Aerobic Fitness?

Moderate or Vigorous Intensity Exercise: Which Is Better for Improving Aerobic Fitness?

Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and VO 2max of Chinese males

Several studies have shown that the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) I allele is associated with enhanced physical performance. We investigated whether this phenomenon is observed in a cohort of 67 Chinese men in Singapore. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism was typed with PCR method and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max) of the DD, ID, and II genotypes was compared. Analysis of covariance revealed that VO 2max was significantly higher ( p<0.05) for the DD genotype (57.86 ± 3.5 ml.kg. −1min −1) versus the ID (50.58 ± 1.80 ml.kg. −1min −1) or II (50.48 ± 1.58 ml.kg. −1 min −1) genotype. Our findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype in young adult Chinese males is associated with higher levels of VO 2max.