Higher Incidence Of Severe Injuries Research Articles

Lisfranc injuries in athletes: a review

Lisfranc injuries remain one of the most potentially debilitating foot injuries, often resulting in long-term chronic pain, arthritis and a delayed return to work. About 20% of injuries sustained by athletes are in the foot, with midfoot injuries being the second most common type. About 3.5% of severe injuries in this category are career ending. Male athletes have a higher incidence of severe injuries, twice more likely needing surgery and three times more likely to end their career early. Female athletes have a high incidence of stress injuries due to the known ‘female athletic triad’ contributing to it. Low-energy injuries are often treated non-operatively. Severe injuries need operative management as well as metalwork removal in most cases later. The importance of early recognition, correct classification, whether to manage non-operatively and the postoperative rehabilitation are the key components of a chance to a good recovery and possible return to sports in athletes. As the diagnosis is similar for both athletes and non-athletes, this review will summarize the relatively little evidence on the epidemiology, management and outcomes for Lisfranc injuries in athletes.

Injury occurrence and gender-related factors among child workers in Nicaragua: a crossectional study

Background and aim: Few studies have explored the effect of gender on injuries occurrence among child workers, despite multiple studies indicating gender often dictates occupations, tasks, and working conditions of boys and girls in developing countries. We aimed to assed the influence of gender-related factors on non-work-related (non-WRI) and work-related injuries (WRI) occurrence in child workers in Nicaragua. Method: We performed a crossectional study among children (3 to 17 years of age) working in agriculture (n=120), street working children (n=108), and non-working referents (n=140) in 2019. We investigated self-reported non-WRI and WRI during the previous 12 months. Incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-days, rate ratios (RR), and 95% CI were calculated by multivariate Poisson regression. Results: Child workers had a higher global incidence of injury than nonworking children (3.8 vs 0.7; p=0.001). Street workers had a higher incidence of WRI than agricultural workers (2.1 vs 1.6; p=0.022). When we analyzed only injuries occurring at work boys have a higher incidence than girls (2.3 vs 1.8; p=0.43) but when we included injuries that occurred when performing household chores girls had a higher incidence than boys (3.3 vs 2.2; p<0.0001). Moreover, girls had a higher incidence of severe injuries than boys (1.5 vs 0.9; p=0.012), Factors that increased the risk of WRI among all children, but with a higher impact among girls, were age ≤10 years), the number of working hours at work and home, single-parent family, living on the streets, out of school, alcohol or drug consumption, and pregnancy or parenthood. Conclusion: Our data suggest girls are at higher risk of WRI than boys, especially for severe injuries, and that relevant risk factors are modifiable. A deeper gender analysis of injury occurrence and determinants may allow for more effective targeting of prevention efforts. Kew words: Injuries, child labor, gender, Nicaragua

Elite football teams that do not have a winter break lose on average 303 player-days more per season to injuries than those teams that do: a comparison among 35 professional European teams

ObjectiveTo compare injury rates among professional men’s football teams that have a winter break in their league season schedule with corresponding rates in teams that do not.Methods56 football teams from...

Eye injury in the Israeli Defense Force: “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”

BackgroundThe eye occupies 0.1% of the total body surface yet it accounts for 8–13% of battle injuries in modern warfare worldwide. Protective eyewear can prevent over 90% of these eye injuries in both military and civilian settings. This study presents an analysis of a military casualty database and describes the proportion and distribution of eye injuries among Israel Defense Force (IDF) Soldiers. MethodsAll trauma patients recorded in the IDF Trauma Registry (ITR) in whom ocular injury related to combat or to training was documented were reviewed. ResultsThere were 129 patients with documented eye injury sustained during combat or training between 1997 and 2013: 75% of injuries were related to combat and the remainder occurred during training. Penetrating fragmental injuries accounted for 74% of combat related injuries and 28% of training related injuries. Sixty-six percent (66%) of these casualties were subsequently re-classified as no longer fit for combat duties. Combat related injuries resulted in a higher incidence of severe injuries compared to training related injuries (P<0.05). ConclusionsDespite optimal medical care, the majority of soldiers who sustain eye injuries during military service suffer from substantial disability and most are no longer fit for combat service. A majority are discharged from military service. Protective eyewear could potentially prevent penetrating fragmental wounds which are the most common cause of injury.Further research on optimal orbital protection is critical for both the military and the civilian sectors.

SHOULDER INJURIES IN HIGHLY TRAINED COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS

BackgroundThe shoulder is the most commonly injured joint among competitive swimmers, and there are suggestions that sex, swimming stroke and level or training/competition are risk factors, but previous studies are...

Relationship Between Humeral Torsion and Injury in Professional Baseball Pitchers

Background: High levels of humeral torsion allow baseball pitchers to achieve maximum external rotation in the late cocking phase of pitching with lower twisting and shear forces on the long head of the biceps tendon and rotator cuff tendons. Hypothesis: Humeral torsion is inversely related to the incidence and severity of shoulder injuries and other upper extremity injuries in professional baseball pitchers. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 25 professional pitchers from a single Major League Baseball organization were prospectively recruited into this study. Computed tomography (CT) was performed on dominant and nondominant humeri, and image data were processed with a 3-dimensional volume-rendering postprocessing program. The software program was then modified to model a simplified throwing motion and to measure potential internal impingement distances in a small subset of players. Players were followed for 2 years after CT, and the number of days missed from pitching activities was recorded as a measure of injury severity and incidence. Results: The mean dominant humeral torsion was 38.5° ± 8.9°; the mean nondominant humeral torsion was 27.6° ± 8.0°. The difference between dominant and nondominant torsions was significant (P < .0001). Among the 11 pitchers (44%) injured during follow-up, 5 players had shoulder injuries, 7 had elbow injuries, and 2 had finger injuries. Dominant humeral torsion was a statistically significant predictor of severe injuries (≥30 days; P = .048) but not of milder injuries. Among injured players, higher numbers of days missed because of injury were strongly correlated with lower degrees of dominant humeral torsion (r = −0.78; P = .005) and smaller differences between dominant and nondominant humeral torsions (r = −0.59; P = .055). There was no significant association between the incidence of shoulder injury and minimum glenoid-tuberosity distance in the dominant or nondominant shoulder or degree of dominant glenoid version. Conclusion: A strong relationship was found between lower degrees of dominant humeral torsion and more severe upper extremity injuries as well as a trend relating lower side-to-side differences in torsion with more severe dominant upper extremity injuries. In addition, there was a higher incidence of severe injuries in players with lower degrees of dominant torsion. If future studies confirm these results, humeral torsion measurements could play a role in risk assessment in pitchers.

Retrospective study of injuries in military parachuting

Background: This paper analyses the rate and patterns of parachuting injuries at the Sultans Oman Parachute Unit (SOPRA) in Oman. Methods: Data on 150 patients referred to Rustaq Regional Referral Hospital was collected and analysed. The injuries were defined as severe (fractures, dislocation, head trauma) or minor (contusion, bruises, sprains). Result: The rate of severe injuries was 9% and ankle fractures were the commonest. The minor injury rate was 13.5%. The injury rate increased in relation to age (p<0.001). The type and possible mechanisms of injury are discussed with the recommendation for reducing the injury rates. Conclusion: We conclude that our data compares favourably with other studies except for higher incidence of severe injuries.

Injury Profiles and Yield Responses of Seedling Corn Attacked by Stalk Borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effect of feeding by the stalk borer, Papaipema nebris (Guenee), on the visible injury and grain yield of individual corn ( Zea mays L.) plants, infested at various developmental stages, was evaluated experimentally from 1986 to 1988. Injury profiles differed by growth stage, with younger plants having a higher incidence of severe injury (dead heart, tillering, plant death). Plants attacked at the six-leaf stage or older were not as vulnerable to severe injury because tunneling occurred below the growing point. Grain yield, number of kernels per plant, and average kernel weight declined as the severity of injury increased. In 2 of 3 yr, plants assigned the same injury rating yielded more if the attack occurred earlier in development than later. In addition, uninfested plants in infested plots yielded more than uninfested plants in check plots. Plot yield losses seem to be moderated by the ability of uninfested or slightly injured plants to compensate for severe stalk borer injury. Regression models were developed to predict yield components for individual plants from injury rating and average rating of the plot.