High Horsepower Research Articles

Towards Cross-Border Fisheries Management: An Analysis of Fleet Structures and Species-Specific Regulatory Measures in the Aegean Sea

Intrinsic differences in the applied management measures of shared stocks in transboundary waters inhibit the ability of either state to benefit from such measures, as one state may benefit in lieu of the other, thus reducing the efficacy of both. This study compares for the first time the fleet structure, specific management measures applied to species-specific regulations for commercial fishing, species listed in official monitoring schemes, and protected taxa between Greece and Türkiye for the Aegean Sea. A comparative analysis utilizing the official data was sourced from both countries. Large-scale Greek and Turkish fishing fleets have been modernized within the last 30 years (1991-2021). Greek and Turkish large-scale fishing fleets included smaller trawlers with lower tonnage and slightly higher engine horsepower, while purse seines of both states included larger vessels with higher horsepower and tonnage. This indicates that the fishing pressure on the demersal resources in the Aegean Sea has partially decreased, but the fishing pressure on pelagic resources has increased despite the decrease in the number of vessels. Only 11 out of 74 minimum conservation reference sizes (MCRS) are sufficiently set above the Lm50 sizes they should be based on, whereas 18 species need reproductive studies, and 22 are set below the Lm50, and could benefit from an increase. The application of specific closed seasons for commercial species was used by both states with the intent to protect the reproductive periods of some stocks. However, several of these closure periods did not fully or even partially cover the spawning periods of the respective species. Species-specific closures were applied to 13 species in Greece and 23 species in Türkiye, with only two fish species (Xiphias gladius and Thunnus thynnus) listed for both countries. Only 14 species (out of 34 protected by Greece and 46 by Türkiye) are protected by both states, most of which are listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Harmonization of fisheries management measures currently does not align between the two neighbouring states, and the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean is the competent authority that would be able to restructure such measures, especially as Türkiye has been aligning their measures with that of the EU for the accession process. This contribution highlights the clear differences between Greece and Türkiye, and provides advice for developing a unified management regime for the Aegean Sea.

Equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on global optimization of equivalent factor for hybrid tractor

Due to the increase in emission requirements for non-road vehicles in many countries and the reduction of agricultural personnel, tractors are developing towards high horsepower and electrification. According to the working conditions of high-horsepower tractors, a hydromechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) is designed for hybrid tractors. Taking a tractor equipped with this transmission as the research object, an equivalent factor global optimization model was established and a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the equivalent factor S offline to obtain the optimal equivalent factor of the tractor under different operating mileage and the initial state of charge (SOC) of battery. By using the optimized equivalent factor, the tractor can be in the charge depleting (CD) mode for a longer time on the premise of making full use of the energy in the battery, so as to improve the auxiliary ability of the motor in the whole operation cycle to reduce the fuel consumption of the tractor. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink and hardware in the loop (HIL) tests, and the fuel economy of tractors is improved by 2.939% and 3.909% respectively in the two tests.

A Practical Guide for Noise Characterization of Back Pressure Sensors: Toward Digital Twin for an Industrial High-Horse Power Engine Test Cell

A Practical Guide for Noise Characterization of Back Pressure Sensors: Toward Digital Twin for an Industrial High-Horse Power Engine Test Cell

Machinery structure, machinery subsidies, and agricultural productivity: Evidence from China

AbstractAlthough agricultural machinery is indispensable for modern agriculture, the effect of machinery structure on food production is rarely scrutinized. Machinery structure, referring to the proportion of high‐capacity machines which are represented by tractors with relatively high horsepower, is used to measure the scale of agricultural machinery. In response, this article investigates how agricultural machinery structurally impacts grain production theoretically and empirically, with particular emphasis on the effects of capacity structure and subsidy policy. The article estimates a Translog production function with a panel dataset covering 126 counties across Xinjiang and Hubei provinces in China from 2002 to 2012. Though we find the general elasticity of output with respect to machinery inputs is .03, the capacity structure of agricultural machines could impact agricultural production by inducing the reallocation of other input factors. Along with the upsizing of farming machines, we observe the complementarity between machinery horsepower and land inputs in production increases, while the joint effect of machinery and fertilizer decreases. The positive land channel is found in areas with fewer high‐capacity machines, while the negative fertilizer channel occurs when there are more large machines.

In automotive design - the effect of MPG on vehicle fuel consumption

Fuel efficiency, measured in miles per gallon (MPG), and engine power, represented by horsepower, are two critical metrics that gauge a vehicle’s performance. Historically, a negative correlation has been perceived between these two variables: cars with higher horsepower were deemed to have a lower MPG. This study comprehensively explores this correlation using a dataset obtained from the UCI repository. Three regression models were applied: linear, quadratic, and cubic. Each was meticulously analyzed and evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and residual plot to understand the data’s fit and the models’ predictive capabilities. Our research found that while the linear model provides initial insights, polynomial regression models, especially the quadratic one, can capture the relationship more succinctly, which revealed a relationship expressed as fx x x ( )= -+ 1.66 7.87 21.94 2 . The findings indicate that as horsepower increases, MPG decreases, but with diminishing intensity, suggesting an intricate balance between power and efficiency in automotive design.

Experimental Study on Electromagnetic Interference on control cable from two unbalanced 10 kV Power Cables

The occurrence of unpredicted and sudden failures in power cables seriously threatened the nearby control cables. Two cases of unbalance in the three-phase current load originate from a high horsepower pump and a sudden power off in an MW pump, resulting in an error signal detected in the adjacent control cable. However, these two cases just occurred once during the plant operation; no more history records can be a reference. In this paper, a typical power cable and control cable structure was constructed, typical accidents in power cables were considered, and electromagnetic interference was considered. The results show that the unbalance of the three-phase load results in a fold increase in interference current. Compared with the two-phase unbalance, the one-phase would bring a higher current. In other words, power off in a sudden situation brought a higher current than three-phase unbalance, especially a faster drop in current load. Finally, more attention should be given to the power cable operation, including unbalance in the power cable and an urgent power off.

The effect of polyethylene butene (PEB) and xylene on the shear stress of Niger delta crude oil

Crude oil production and transportation is plagued by several flow assurance issues especially in offshore environment with prevailing low temperature. One of the flow assurance challenges is the deposition of paraffin wax which usually changes the crude oil flow from Newtonian fluid flow to non- Newtonian fluid flow with increased viscosity. This increased viscosity can impede flow causing the installation of high horsepower pumps for fluid flow. In severe cases, paraffin wax has plugged the pipes and caused production disruption. It is therefore imperative to manage paraffin disposition in crude samples containing paraffin compounds (C18+). This research discusses the use of varying concentrations of Polyethylene Butene (PEB) in managing wax precipitation at various temperatures (10 °C to 35 °C) at a constant shear rate of 511(s-1). The reduction in crude oil temperature increased the shear stress in all experiments conducted. It was discovered that the increasing concentration of PEB from 500ppm to 5000ppm had a sinusoidal effect on reducing the shear stress. 500ppm of PEB effected a 19% reduction in shear stress, while 5000ppm effected a 35% reduction in shear stress. It is important for the engineer to make the choice of inhibitor concentration based on the degree of shear stress reduction required to optimize inhibitor usage.

Cutting Edge Advantage of Solar over the Conventional Electric Powered Groundwater Irrigation in Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Solar energy is the major renewable energy source in the world. In the is energy use scenario, solar energy has occupied second position and it’s share in renewable energy has 27.5 per cent. In India, solar energy is in first position in renewable energy capacity and it’s share in renewable energy has 33.5 per cent. Solar is photovoltaic is conversion of solar energy into electricity which can be used for solar water pumping. With the above background, the present study is attempted to focus on the impact of solar and electric operated tubewell irrigation in the sample farms. A quota sampling selection procedure and snow ball sampling technique were used for this study. A sample size of 45 each of solar and electric operated sample farmers altogether 90 sample respondents were contacted for the conduct of this research study. Garrett’s ranking technique was used for assessing the merits and demerits of solar and electric operated tubewell irrigation as opined by the sample respondents. It was observed that free electricity for motor pumping was the prime most important attribute which influenced the farmers preference for electric energy followed by efficiency in lifting water from higher depths with good discharge rates. The foremost bothering issue in electric energy use was the limited hours of 3 phase electric power availability and frequent voltage fluctuations. The availability of huge subsidy component in the initial investment and reduction in the energy bill were the foremost important reasons for the adoption of solar power motor pumps in irrigation. The foremost bothering issue in solar energy use for irrigation was unavailability of battery for power store which was expressed as the major drawback in solar energy irrigation pumping. To promote the large scale adoption of this important renewable energy all the merits of this energy source expressed by the farmers should be widely propagated among the farming community. The demerits in the use of existing devices of this energy source such as battery for storage, efficiency improvements with higher horse power’s should be addressed by gearing up the Research and Development wing to focus on these issues expressed by the farmer stakeholders.

Cutting Edge Advantage of Solar over the Conventional Electric Powered Groundwater Irrigation in Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India

Solar energy is the major renewable energy source in the world. In the world energy use scenario, solar energy has occupied second position and it’s share in renewable energy is 27.5 per cent. In India, solar energy is first position in renewable energy capacity and it’s share in renewable energy has 33.5 per cent. Solar photovoltaic is conversion of solar energy into electricity which can be used for solar water pumping. With the above background of the present study is attempted to focus on the impact of solar and electric operated tube well irrigation in the sample farms. A quota sampling selection procedure and snow ball sampling technique were used for this study. A sample size of 45 each of solar and electric operated sample farmers altogether 90 sample respondents were contacted for the conduct of this research study. Garrett’s ranking technique was used for assessing the merits and demerits of solar and electric operated tube well irrigation as opined by the sample respondents. It was observed that free electricity for motor pumping was the prime most important attribute which influenced the farmers preference for electric energy followed by efficiency in lifting water from higher depths with good discharge rates. The foremost bothering issue in electric energy use was the limited hours of 3 phase electric power availability and frequent voltage fluctuations. The availability of huge subsidy component in the initial investment and reduction in the energy bill were the foremost important reasons for the adoption of solar power motor pumps in irrigation. The foremost bothering issue in solar energy use for irrigation was unavailability of battery for power store which was expressed as the major drawback in solar energy irrigation pumping. To promote the large scale adoption of this important renewable energy all the merits of this energy source expressed by the farmers should be widely propagated among the farming community. The demerits in the use of existing devices of this energy source such as battery for storage, efficiency improvements with higher horse power’s should be addressed by gearing up the Research and Development wing to focus on these issues expressed by the farmer stakeholders.

Fuzzy Adaptive Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Agricultural Tractor Equipped with HMCVT

In order to solve the problem of high fuel consumption and poor emission performance in high horsepower tractors, a parallel hybrid tractor system was designed using a dual power source of an engine and motor matched with a hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT). An equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) was used for power distribution of this hybrid system. To address the problem of poor adaptability of the equivalence factor to different working cycles in the conventional ECMS, a fuzzy adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (FA-ECMS) was proposed. A fuzzy PI controller based on battery SOC (State of Charge) feedback was designed to adjust the equivalence factor in real time, so as to achieve adaptive control of the equivalence factor. The physical model of the system was built by SimulationX, and the model of the control strategy was built using Matlab/Simulink. Two typical cycles of tractor plowing and road transportation were simulated. Under ECMS, the fuel consumption of the hybrid agricultural tractor was 14.3 L and 1.19 L in one plowing cycle and one transport cycle, respectively, with final battery SOC values of 60.75% and 60.32%, respectively. Under FA-ECMS, the hybrid farm tractor consumed 13.34 L and 1.13 L in one plowing cycle and one transport cycle, respectively, with final battery SOC values of 60.27% and 60.17%, respectively. The results showed that, with the introduction of a fuzzy PI controller to dynamically adjust the equivalence factor, the overall fuel consumption was reduced by 6.71% and 5.04%, respectively, and the battery power maintenance performance was improved. The designed control strategy could achieve a more reasonable power distribution between the engine and motor while maintaining the balance of the battery SOC.

Utilization of Common DC Systems for Petrochemical Applications

For more than four decades, Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) have been used in petrochemical and other industrial applications. Many papers have been written about various applications and issues related to ASDs. This article will expand on previous papers and will look more specifically at the design considerations for low voltage (LV) high horsepower ASDs that reside on a common dc bus, expanding on application considerations for creating a large dc bus and the effects on the rest of the power system. This article will include a case study of a particular application having a diesel generator supplying an islanded network feeding multiple rectifiers with a common dc bus that spanned several hundred feet.

Designing Comprehensive Shifting Control Strategy of Hydro-Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission

The shift quality is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the operation and transportation of a hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) tractor. In this study, a comprehensive shifting control strategy of a hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission in a high horsepower tractor is investigated for enhancing shift quality. The detailed mathematical model of the transmission assembly components, such as the pump-motor system, the clutch system and the equivalent gear shaft system of the hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission, are established to analyze the exact shifting process. For different transmission systems, two different control methods are proposed to achieve precise control of the transmission. The double-loop control (PID-Model Predictive Control) is used for the pump-motor hydraulic system, which not only ensures the anti-interference of the control signal when the displacement is a fixed value but also improves the response characteristics and stability of the control output when the displacement ratio is variable. The PID control is used for oil pressure control of the clutch system, and experimental results reveal that a simple method can obtain better control performance. Finally, a comprehensive control strategy in the process of shifting is proposed, and the optimal control strategy is obtained by comprehensively adjusting the pump-motor hydraulic system and the clutch system at the shifting point. The results show that the shift acceleration under the optimal control strategy is 64.4% lower than that without control. The proposed control strategy can effectively reduce shift shock and Improve shift smoothness.

Design optimisation of interference limits for cup-plug installation in high horsepower cylinder head

Design optimisation of interference limits for cup-plug installation in high horsepower cylinder head

Assessment of Farmers’ Perception about Crop Residue Burning in Haryana

The study was conducted in 2019-2020 to assess the perception of the farmers on cropresidue burning (CRB) in Haryana. A total of 180 farmers from three purposively selecteddistricts, namely Karnal, Kurukshetra, and Fatehabad from Haryana, were chosen to collectdata. Stratified random sampling was employed in the selection of blocks, villages, andrespondents. For measuring farmers’ perception, a scale was constructed using Likert’smethod of summated ratings. Farmers perceived CRB as an economical and viable optionand considered it an efficient practice. Most farmers did not perceive the happy seeder asfeasible since it needed a high horsepower tractor. Farmers’ perception was positively andsignificantly correlated with education, operational land holding, and annual income (P<0.05).Hence, there is a need to promote community-based approaches like custom hiring centre,bio-mass-based power plants, mushroom cultivation, etc., through extension and advisoryservices. It may lead to adopting alternative crop residue management options and mitigatingresidue burning in the long run.

Mitigating water blockage using surfactant into completion fluid – An experimental study

The necessity of reducing the need for high horsepower to frack formation led to the use of friction reducers intensively; however, the consequences of pumping friction reducers could lead to poor fracturing fluid flow-back. The unrecovered fluid creates a water blockage at the matrix-fracture interface in the reservoir, which could impact the oil recovery factor eventually. Therefore, adding surfactants is believed to mitigate the water blockage and increase the flow back by reducing the oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) and altering the matrix-fracture interface wettability. Although many studies have shown the benefit of adding surfactants, there is a quite lack of experimental studies about the impact of surfactants and friction reducers on water blockage. Thus, this study emphasizes studying the effects of surfactants and friction reducers on the water blockage problems and oil recovery factor.Core samples from Wolfcamp were utilized to conduct the study as core samples were cut to small chips and aged in dead crude oil for two months under reservoir temperature 68 °C. Then, the chip's wettability was measured and immersed in a solution mixture of water and surfactants (nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, and zwitterionic surfactant). The wettability was measured again to identify the best surfactants candidate. Moreover, the IFT was measured between crude oil and the fracture solution mixtures. To study the water blockage problems, two types of friction reducers (FR), an anionic friction reducer and a cationic friction reducer, were added to the surfactants mixture to investigate the impact of FR on the water blockage.The results of the study showed adding surfactants will improve the oil recovery factor significantly and mitigate the water blockage problems. The results also reveal that using a cationic friction reducer in fracture fluid can help in reducing water blockage damage as a higher oil recovery factor was observed compared to when an anionic friction reducer was utilized. Non-ionic surfactants showed a good capability in reducing the IFT between oil and water, unlike anionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Including non-ionic surfactants in fracture fluid systems can mitigate water blockage damage and increase the ultimate oil recovery factor.

English

Ethiopia’s livestock population is the largest in Africa, however different factors or constraints limit the full exploitation of the agricultural sector in general and the livestock sub sector in particular. In the country, the availability, quality and quantity of feed has always been a challenge in the livestock sector. Poor feed resources management, especially those of the bulky and fibrous crop residue is one of the constraints. Forage chopping is considered to be part of crop residue management, a common process done by most local farmers in livestock feeding. This process is laborious and takes more. To alleviate this, using forage chopper is an important remedy. The primary goal of this study was to design, fabricate, and evaluate the performance of the forage chopper machine. The performance of the machine was evaluated using sorghum forage variety (Chelenko) with treatments of the engine seed, feed rate and feed thickness using factorial design with three replications. The heights mean chopping capacity of (581.24 kg/h), the finest of (shortest) mean cut length (6.23 mm), the heights chopping efficiency of (0.97) and the mean lowest fuel consumption of (0.50 ml/s) was recorded. The operation speed was observed to be highly significant among the treatments, at significance level of 0.01. Based on the result obtained, it is recommended to use a power source with higher horse power and speed and electric motor in areas where electric power is available to avoid vibration. Key words: Design, fabrication, feed chopper machine, sorghum forage variety (Chelenko).

A Study on Commercial Vehicle Speeds and Its Operational Characteristics


 
 
 A commercial vehicle is the backbone of the logistics industry which drives a vibrant economy of a country. Nevertheless, commercial or heavy vehicle-related accident is drawing serious attention. The height, weight and width dimension of the commercial vehicles reduce the visibility of other drivers and thereby increase the risk of an accident. Furthermore, due to the evolution of technology, larger trucks are now equipped with higher horsepower where a lot of speeding-related accidents were reported. This study is set to evaluate the speed profile for different types of commercial vehicles at different road hierarchy. The results indicate that in general most of the heavy vehicles (4.39%-98.61%) travelled fast and did not comply with the speed limits posted on different types of road hierarchy. The lower the posted speed limit the higher the percentage of non-compliance rates which means that the compliance increase as the speed limit increase. The majority of the commercial vehicles (28%-57%) occupied the middle lanes and those smaller sizes of vehicles (as compared to other sizes of commercial vehicles) had more tendencies to travel on the fast lane.
 
 

Technology Focus: Hydraulic Fracturing (June 2019)

Technology Focus As gas development focuses more on tight and ultratight formations, the challenges to produce economically become diverse and more intense. One main challenge faced while fracturing a well is a high fracture gradient. This can be caused by near-wellbore tortuosity, drill-in-fluid-induced damage, high build-up of filter cake, or far-field tectonics and stresses. Formations with high fracture gradients result in high breakdown pressure and frequently need very high treating pressure to fracture the interval effectively. This may cause problems with completions integrity, and, depending on the intensity of treatments and pressures reached to propagate fractures, wells may no longer be accessible because of tubular deformation. Also, if fracturing stages are skipped while treating hard rocks because of completion limitations or some stages not being treated effectively and uniformly, production will fall far below expectations. If high breakdown pressure is caused by near-wellbore damage and tortuosity, attempts can be made to lower it with chemical treatments such as mutual solvents or acids or with the help of mechanical means such as hydra-jetting, reperforation, or slotting. When it comes to far-field high-stress regimes, the in-situ stress magnitude and fault stress regime should be well-known, evaluated, and calculated to prepare for high surface pumping horsepower. Advanced completion technology that can accommodate high-pressure/ high-temperature conditions is frequently required to perform the desired stimulation treatments. Before embarking on the remedial tasks, important steps include reviewing well location and placement, selecting a well trajectory in the more-prolific interval, completing with multistage fracturing assembly in better rocks, using nondamaging fluids for fracturing, and using optimal treatments with appropriate additives that will ensure high fracture conductivity. Parts of the fracture stages that do not contribute to production because of reservoir and geomechanical heterogeneity can be reduced by the use of an engineered approach in selecting the well location, the drilling direction and azimuth, completions placement, stage and cluster design, and fracturing techniques combining real-time monitoring and optimization. Otherwise, identifying the reason for low producers becomes difficult, whether they are the result of bad completions and poor fracturing design or reservoir development and quality. The use of appropriate fracturing fluid is also important to lessen high breakdown pressures, induce sufficient length and width to carry proppant in proppant fracture treatments, and reduce or eliminate formation damage and forming of scales. Scales formed because of fluid incompatibility can deteriorate fracture and formation conductivity dramatically and obstruct gas flow. The use of seawater as a base fracturing fluid is gaining momentum in the Middle East because it is a viable alternative to fresh water, thereby reducing stimulation cost. Seawater needs treatment such that precipitation while interacting with formation water does not become severe and impair production. Treatments such as phosphonate-based inhibitors are tested and considered to address the effect of hypersalinity and precipitation of barium, calcium, and strontium sulfate that reduce gas flow. Phosphonate-based scale inhibitors are introduced for high-temperature treatments. SPE 189896 Fracturing in a Tectonically Stressed Area Under Anomalously High Gradients by Dmitriy Abdrazakov, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 186313 First Application of Residue-Free Fluid System for High-Temperature Fracturing Treatment in Saudi Arabian Carbonate Formations by Zillur Rahim, Saudi Aramco, et al. SPE 186212 A Comparative Work Flow for Different Hydraulic-Fracturing Techniques in the Western Desert Oil Fields of Egypt by Ahmed Abd ElHamid, Qarun Petroleum Company, et al.

Cylinder Head Gasket Fretting Simulation for High Horse Power Engine

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The head gasket of an internal combustion engine acts as a critical seal between its cylinder block and heads. Typically, and ideally, a high horse power engine head gasket will be composed of elastomer fluid sealing elements in a carrier and combustion seal body composed of aluminum, brass, carbon steel, copper, nickel, and/or stainless steel etc. The head gaskets purpose is to seal high pressure combustion gases, coolant, and oil and to ensure no leakage of gases or fluids out of the block to head joint.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Three major failure modes [<span class="xref">1</span>] for cylinder head gasket joint are; 1. Fluid or gas leakage due to low sealing pressure. 2. Head gasket (bead) cracking due to high gap alternation and 3. Gasket scrubbing/fretting due to pressure and temperature fluctuations causing relative movement in the joint. During engine operation, the head gasket design should be robust enough to prevent all failure modes and provide acceptable performance. Sealing analysis method to address low sealing pressure failure mode is well developed and common within the industry. This paper is focused on the development and utilization of an analytical method for the 3<sup>rd</sup> failure mode mentioned above i.e., scrubbing/fretting. Single layer metal gasket is considered during the scope of mentioned method. Single layer metal gasket gets locally yielded due to the design feature provided on the cylinder liner, called as bite ring.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">During the scope of work, head gasket fretting mechanism is investigated. Based on the understanding of the fundamental fretting mechanism, considering Ruiz model [<span class="xref">2</span>], an analysis procedure is developed and finite element analysis results are correlated with actual failures and measured data. Finite element analysis results shows very good correlation in terms of relative sliding magnitude and failure location prediction. Commercial software ANSYS is used here. Actual gasket crushing is simulated by using 3D solid elements with non-linear material and geometric non linearity captured.</div></div>

CFD Analysis of Hot Air Recirculation in Cooling System of Off Road Vehicle

The demands on cooling system of an off-road vehicle have increased due to charge air cooling, air conditioning and higher horsepower (hp) engines. In order to maximize cooling system performance of an off-road vehicle, the temperature of air entering the cooling system through front grill should be as low as possible, ideally at ambient temperature. Hot air exiting the cooling system which finds its way back to the front grill decreases the system performance. This is called as hot air recirculation. To study hot air recirculation complete vehicle is placed in physical wind tunnel facility. With CFD simulation tool this hot air recirculation can be studied in a virtual wind tunnel. Current paper studies hot air recirculation & quantifies the recirculation using CFD tool. Influence of tail wind velocity on recirculation was studied. The results of simulations were compared with experimental results.