Higher Education Ones Research Articles

Efficiency gains from reallocating human capital between China’s state and non-state sectors

ABSTRACT This study is among the first to use household survey data from 1988 to 2019 to demonstrate how human capital misallocation between China’s state and non-state sectors has evolved and to estimate efficiency gains from reallocation over time. Our results show that human capital allocation between sectors has been converging to, diverging from, and re-converging to an optimal level, implying that the Chinese labour market has been gradually approaching efficiency during its market-oriented transition. Lower-educated labours had been more misallocated between the two sectors than higher-educated ones. Efficiency gains from reallocating human capital between sectors depend on the degree of misallocation at each stage and the gains are comparable to contemporaneous domestic gross research and development expenditures.

A Proposal of Information Literacy Concept in Accordance with the Context of Higher Education in Vietnam

Information literacy is a type of personal capacity, which demonstrates an individual’s ability to master the information world, exploit and use information effectively to deal with his/her living, studying and working needs. Information literacy is associated with the development of lifelong learning capacity and social inclusion for individuals. Therefore, information literacy has become increasingly important, becoming a popular topic in education research, especially in the current context of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Since the 70s of the 20th century, information literacy has been widely discussed and developed by educational institutions, especially higher education ones, in Western countries. Concepts, theoretical frameworks and practices for developing information literacy for learners have been established and mostly applied in Western countries. However, with a different educational context, such as the one in Vietnam, how should information literacy for university students be conceptualized and developed? This paper firstly presents an overview of how the concept of information literacy has been changed globally and those aspects that impact the way information literacy has been conceptualized and developed. Key points discussed are educational context, academic culture, teaching and learning practices. From that analysis, the paper proposes a concept of information literacy for students, which is in accordance with the academic culture of Vietnamese higher education.

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

The neo‐nationalist ascendency: further thoughts on class, value and the return of the repressed

Цифровая образовательная среда университета: кому более комфортно в ней учиться?

The article presents the comparative empirical study findings of the opinions of students after completing e-courses in mathematical methods in psycho-educational researches in blended learning format according to the “flipped classroom” model. Possible learning difficulties are examined, the involvement, learning and testing independence, the practical benefits and the attitude to this format among master’s programs and second higher education programs students as compared with undergraduate programs students are assessed. Using the logistic regression analysis method the predictors characterizing each of these categories are determined. Contrary to expectations, the differences are not fundamental, which refutes the prevailing stereotypes. The overwhelming majority of both groups students did not have significant difficulties, the tests were useful for better content assimilation, the e-course allowed them to track their individual trajectory, and there were enough personal contacts with the teacher. Master’s programs students and students of the second higher education ones almost unanimously disagree that the e-courses reduce the education quality, but agree that the use of online-courses is a modern need, and it is high time to introduce them. Almost all students of both groups believe that online-learning solves the problems of employed students, and claim that they like this e-course. Students of master’s programs and students of the second higher education ones are more likely to argue that they studied much more intensively in e-course seminars than in traditional in-class education, and immediately got involved in the learning process, and less often agree to replace face-to-face classes with webinars. They somewhat less often confirm that they helped classmates at the seminars. The course is rated as practically useful. The problem of dishonest strategies requires further investigation. The total sample size N = 344 students of psychological faculties of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.

Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Canadian adults - dietary habits and sociodemographic risk factors.

Patients with diagnosed diabetes receive recommendations by their healthcare providers about lifestyle modification, particularly on diet. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of type 2 diagnosed diabetes, undetected (undiagnosed) type 2 diabetes, and prediabetes of Canadian adults, and to evaluate whether individuals with diagnosed diabetes have different dietary intakes compared with the other groups. We used nationally representative data from Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2 (n = 6807, representing estimated population of 23 022 890). We evaluated prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undetected diabetes, and prediabetes and their distribution across sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The intake from different food/food groups was compared between those with diagnosed diabetes and the rest of the population. Among Canadians 20-79 years of age, 12.4% had prediabetes, and 7.5% had diabetes. Among all diabetes cases, 37.3% were undiagnosed. All 3 diabetic categories were more prevalent among older age groups (60-79 years) compared with younger age (20-39 years) groups. Diagnosed diabetes and prediabetes were more prevalent among less educated individuals compared with the higher educated ones. Diagnosed diabetes was more common among individuals with lower-middle income level compared with the highest income level. Diagnosed diabetes individuals had lower intake from juice and ice cream and higher intake from potatoes and diet soft drinks compared with other groups. More than 600 000 adults were unaware of their diabetes status; the aware ones had lower intakes of sugar-containing foods. In evaluating the association between dietary intake and risk of chronic diseases in populations, diagnosed diabetes cases should be evaluated separately.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS

Urgency of the research. The 21st century is an era of radical transformations of social and, in particular, economic relations. Their driving force is knowledge. The creation of new knowledge occurs as a result of the exchange of information between the subjects of this process. Educational institutions, in particular higher education ones, are an important element of the system of production and transfer of new knowledge. Target setting. Qualitative characteristics of the functioning of higher education significantly depend on the degree of effectiveness of the management system, which includes organizational and financial components. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issues of improving the functioning of the sphere of higher education are considered in scientific works of scientists as S. Slaughter, P. Temple, J.B.G. Tilak. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The problem of organizational and financial prerequisites formation for the development of the domestic sphere of higher education needs some additional research. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the functioning of the sphere of higher education in Ukraine and to formulate proposals for improving its organizational and financial support. The statement of basic materials. The present situation in the system of higher education of Ukraine in the context of student contingent indicators, funding volumes is analyzed. The proposals, which implementation is aimed at improving the financial condition of higher education institutions and creating the prerequisites for increasing student contingent are substantiated. Conclusions. The development of the domestic sphere of higher education is one of the priorities of national economic policy. Formation of favorable conditions for the functioning of the sphere of higher education of Ukraine will provide financial, social and reputational effects.

Does education raise productivity and wages equally? The moderating role of age and gender

We estimate the impact of education on productivity, wage costs and productivity-wage gaps (i.e. profits) using Belgian linked panel data. Findings highlight that educational credentials have a stronger impact on productivity than on wage costs. Firms’ profitability is found to rise when lower educated workers are substituted by higher educated ones. This effect is found to be more pronounced among younger workers and women. Findings thus suggest that the productivity to wage cost ratio of low-educated workers is detrimental to their employability, especially when young or female. They also support the existence of a glass ceiling on women’s career development.

Pathways fostering mobility to higher education for vulnerable immigrants in France, Switzerland and Canada

ABSTRACTIn this article we wish to clarify not only if, but also how – through which institutional settings – higher education (HE) is accessed by students from vulnerable immigrant groups in France, Switzerland and Canada. We are interested in the possible educational mobility that immigrant youths can experience arising from country-specific educational policies designed to increase the enrolment in HE, particularly the flow from upper-secondary vocational educational tracks to HE ones. We analyse using panel data in each country the accessibility of different pathways to HE while taking into account the characteristics of the students. In terms of educational mobility, in France the democratization of the educational system, including the development of the vocational baccalauréat, has enabled more youths of immigrant background to access HE. In Switzerland and Canada there is more ‘cooling down’ and down-streaming of their educational aspirations towards non HE and more labour market-oriented pathways.

دور المکتبات فى ظل بیئة التعلیم الالکترونى فى تطویر التعلیم الجامعى و البحث العلمى

Electronic environment has its great effect on university libraries that serve higher education. These libraries are considered the backbone of higher education and scientific institutes as they play an important role in higher education process as a whole with a special reference to scientific research. The importance of these libraries lies in that they provide information resources and services which improve scientific researches. Meanwhile, electronic environment has greatly affected their roles; an act which led to the appearance of so many kinds such as digital libraries, electronic libraries, etc…. This environment imposes new roles on libraries so that they can keep playing their part to serve scientific research. Moreover, due to the continuous progress witnessed in developed countries in the form of newly issued researches, libraries have to offer new services that can cope with the new technological era. For this reason, the topic of this study is selected which is: the role of university libraries in the light of e-learning environment to improve higher education and scientific research. The goal of this study is to shed light on the role of university libraries based on the e-learning environment to identify the benefit they can get to help with enhancing scientific research. Identifying the role of digital libraries and data resources with an aim to develop higher education lies in that these libraries support learning and teaching processes generally and e-learning process specifically. They are also considered an essential factor for scientific research requirements in addition to enhancing the skills and capabilities of the pillars of the educational process. They have an effective role and high efficiency to improve information resources, economize expenditures, minimize costs and save time as well as effort. E-learning technologies have the world confronted with a new revolution in education and opened new horizons for recent norms of education as well as training at all educational institutes especially higher education ones. E-learning requires dependency on recent technologies so as to offer students a quality educational content in an effective way through its distinguished positive characteristics like minimizing time, effort and costs in addition to its high capacities to improve the students’ learning levels and skills effectively. Besides, it aims to provide a quality teaching and leanring environment that is interesting and exciting enough for both students and teachers to get rid of time and space limitations allowing students to learn according to their abilities, appeals, and levels of knowledge and skills. E-leaning and its different varied technologies have recently become a necessity for higher education. The great concern to benefit from its high capacities forms a basic effective feature to improve and enhance the educational process at higher education institutes.

Applicability of the "An Object and Action Naming Battery" in Brazilian Portuguese

To verify the performance of a sample of Brazilian subjects in the "An Object and Action Naming Battery" (OANB), according to schooling; and to describe the main error types in nouns and verbs naming. The OANB was applied in 100 healthy subjects, divided in two groups (GI: four to eight years of schooling; and GII: above nine years). There were correct answers for 97.6% for nouns and 98.0% for verbs. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in the number of correct answers for nouns and verbs (p<0.0001) and in the proportion of semantic errors for verbs (p=0.0160), with less educated subjects performing poorer than higher educated ones. The OANB may be used in adult Brazilian Portuguese native speakers. The group with higher education had higher scores; both groups had a higher proportion of "semantic errors" for verbs and nouns.

Awareness and Knowledge Levels of Adults related to Pest Control in Malatya City Center [Malatya Kent Merkezinde Yetiskinlerin Hasere Mucadelesine Iliskin Farkindaliklari ve Bilgi Duzeyleri

This study was carried out to evaluate knowledge level and awareness of adults related to pest control in Malatya city center. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and October alternately the struggle against larval and adult vectors was done every two weeks in the suburbs of city. The districts where to struggle against larvae constituted of this research universe. In health station -based 30 cluster sampling created, the 22-item questionnaire was applied randomly in 420 household with help of team chief of spraying under the supervision of researchers. 381 adult subjects answered the questionnaire. In evaluation and analysis of research data the independent samples Student's t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA were used. The 44.9% were male and 55.1% female of 381 participants. Mean age was 38.4 ± 12.7, and 10.5% illiterate, 34.9% literate or primary school graduates, 46,4% were secondary or high school and 8.1% were in the higher education of the participants. 92.6% of the participants’ awareness about the mosquitoes, 76.9% the houseflies, 29.1% the midge, and also 36.5% of subcejts were announced that were made struggle against ticks with drugs. Approximately 1/3 of participants stated that the chemical agents used for pest control were harmful to human health (32.8%) and the environmental health (35.2%) also. The men who answered to the total 13 questions correctly average 6.1 ± 1.9, and for women average 6.2 ± 1.9 was similar to each other (p = 0.885). Average scores of the participants of those under the age of 30 was 6.4 ± 2.1, the ages between 40-49 was 6.1 ± 1.9 and the ages over 60 was 5.6 ± 1.7. There was no statistically significant difference with average knowledge scores although it decreased with age (p = 0.218). The mean scores of illiterates information was 5.8 ± 2.0, and with 7.3 ± 2.0 in the higher educated ones was difference statisticially (p=0.001). Although the people largely informed on the struggle against pests in the city center, the lower knowledge scores were held. It can be said that the people do not have enough awareness about the dangers of chemical agents to human and environmental health. As a result, to raise public awareness about the integrated pest management is needed.

Challenging envy in organizations: multicultural approaches and possibilities

PurposeThe paper's aim is to discuss envy as an institutional force that can sap peoples' energy and provoke inner conflicts that may prevent institutional flourishing. This represents a crucial element in the so‐called hidden curriculum of any institution, including higher education ones. The paper also intends to further the analysis of envy, its effects and ways to diminish them in the context of academic and non‐academic organizations, from a multicultural perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is a literature review and a qualitative methodology of story lives in the form of narratives of main actors in high echelons of institutions in Brazil that deal with key areas in higher education institutions (HEI). It discusses how envy has been perceived in their institutional contexts and what possible models of multicultural leaders could emerge from those narratives.FindingsCounteracting forces in relation to the effects of envy in organizational climate could be noted, particularly highlighting the role of multiculturally sensitive leaders in dealing with it.Practical implicationsThe role of leaders in enhancing organizational and collective goals and promoting the valuing of plural institutional actors was particularly stressed as a possible path towards minimizing envy at the work place. The role of the curriculum in HEI and even of citizenship education in primary and secondary schooling is highlighted to better equip students to address ethical and multicultural dimensions in their future professional lives.Originality/valueProductivity and capacity for innovation – issues increasingly addressed in institutional evaluation – should be likely boosted in environments where leaders competently deal proactively in a way that prevents envy to become a destructive force. The paper shows that HEIs have a high potential for contribution, by preparing future professionals in broader, multicultural perspectives that better equip them to become leaders for a better world.

AIDS knowledge and risky sexual behaviors among registered female sex workers in Turkey

To evaluate AIDS knowledge and risky sexual behaviors of registered female sex workers during their obligatory periodic examination in the Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Hospital. Materials and methods: A questionnaire composed of items on socio-demographic features and knowledge levels on HIV/AIDS, its transmission routes, and risky sexual behaviors was administered via face to face interviews. Results: One hundred four sex workers were included in the study. Higher educated ones had more knowledge on AIDS, its transmission routes, and risky behaviors (P >= 0.05, P Keywords: Commercial sex workers, HIV/AIDS transmission, risky sexual behavior

Employment transitions in the Netherlands, 1980–2004: Are low educated men subject to structural or cyclical crowding out?

This article addresses whether low educated men are displaced from their jobs by higher educated workers in the Netherlands in the period 1980–2004. In particular, we test whether structural or cyclical crowding out is predominant in the Dutch labor market. In order to do so, we try to explain the observed trends in education-specific transition rates to entry into first employment from education, exit from employment into unemployment or inactivity, and re-entry into employment from unemployment or inactivity for men by both business cycle effects (that is, changes in aggregate unemployment rates) and structural effects (that is, changes in labor supply–demand ratios for high educated). Discrete-time event history models are estimated using the OSA Labor Supply Panel 1985–2004. Retrospective information enables to study trends from 1980 onwards, so that structural effects can be distinguished from cyclical effects. The results show that structural crowding out exists at both the worker in- and outflow. First of all, it was observed that a growth in the oversupply of high educated increases the employment exit risk of low educated workers more so than that of higher educated ones. In addition, it was shown that an increase in the oversupply of high educated especially reduces the re-employment chances of low educated unemployed men. There is no evidence found for cyclical crowding out among low educated workers in the Dutch labor market.

Um modelo de cooperação interuniversitária para o sistema de ensino superior público estadual paranaense

The article points to the relevance of cooperation and proposes a model seeking to stimulate the scientific and technological exchange among public universities in the state of Parana. It is supported on the theoretical and epistemological frameworks of institutionalization, structure and behavior that form organizations in general, and higher education ones in particular. The humanist approach for qualitative research was used, of a historical-longitudinal character, which can be outlined as a multi-case study of remarkably descriptive and interpretative character. The results obtained indicate the possibility of strong consistence among the institutionalization factors identified in each university and their totality for the proposition of a model of inter-university cooperation, based on the conceptual perspective of the administrative sciences. It concludes that the universities, when observed either individually or as a group, they present – due to their already-achieved levels of evolution – displayed strong cohesion to participate, build and maintain an articulate and sustainable system of inter-university cooperation, starting from the proposed model.

The Environmental Concern in Thailand

This study presents a survey of the environmental concern based on 271 Thai adults in Bangkok, using the Socially Responsible Consumption Behavior Scale of Antil and Bennett (1979). Mean scores and standard deviations for each item and for the whole scale are reported. The results indicate that respondents are moderate on environmental concern. There is no difference between males and females. Older respondents exhibit more concern than do younger ones on 18 out of 40 items. Lower educated respondents show more concern than do higher educated ones on a few items. The managerial implications of the environmental concern in Thailand are discussed.

De rol van de burgemeester

This article confronts several theoretical role-models about mayor's behaviour with their own perception. For this purpose, the statistical data is drawn from a survey among Flemish mayors. Mayors perceive the ''father of the community" role as the most prevailing one. This perception is reflected in their timespending. More than 1/4 of their time is dedicated towards activities such as participation in the community life, individual service rendering to citizens and having individual contacts with them.The father of the community' role lives strongly among mayors with a lower educational degree and less among the higher educated ones. It is also more perceived among mayors being recent office-bolders, while the more experienced ones seem more to maintain a certain distance from this role. Moreover, mayors with a lower educational degree are recordholders in having individual contacts with citizens. Finally, no relation has been found between roleperception and timespending on the one hand and party background on the other hand.