High AC Conductivity Research Articles

Plasticized PVC composites comprising MWCNT‐RGO hybrid filler–the synergetic effect of hybrids on the dielectric and mechanical properties

AbstractModification of polymers with hybrid fillers has sought much attention in the past few years. The addition of hybrid fillers will lead to a synergistic effect in reinforcing and is advantageous in polymer nanocomposites. One such attempt is presented here that explores the effect of incorporation of hybrid derived from reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the dielectric and mechanical properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PPVC). This system of hybrid composite incorporating RGO‐CNT and PPVC has not been prepared and reported yet. Melt mixing techniques were effectively used for the fabrication of PPVC nanocomposites containing the hybrid filler in different ratios. The prepared composites showed enhanced dielectric strength in the lower frequency region up to 450 and high AC conductivity. The mutual stacking and penetration of the 1D‐2D nanomaterials lead to effective dispersion and enhancement in the electronic conduction. Among the hybrids, the R1C5 (with the filler ration RGO 1 wt% and CNT 5%) was having the optimum properties. The tensile modulus showed a cumulative variation with the addition of CNT. Even though the tensile strength decreased slightly because of the immobilization of the PPVC chains by the hybrid effect, the modulus value showed a marked increase of over 90% from the virgin polymer. The PPVC composite with R1C5 hybrid filler exhibited an EMI shielding efficiency of ⁓23 dB and it was frequency independent. The results suggest the composite R1C5 should be used as a cost‐effective material for applications in the L‐band and S‐band regions.

PVA/CMC/PEG blended polymer loaded with ZnCo1.9Al0.1O4/carbon nanoparticles/PANi as a promising films for UV radiation shielding

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been employed as polymeric matrices for the synthesis of polymeric nanocomposite films that incorporate ZnCo1.9Al0.1O4, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and polyaniline (PANI) as fillers. X-ray diffraction technique was utilized to examine the structure of ZnCo1.9Al0.1O4 filler and the formed PVA/CMC/PEG/ZnCo1.9Al0.1O4/CNPs/x wt % PANi blends. The morphology of the doped blend was explored using the scanning electron microscopy technique. The increases in absorbance, especially in the UV spectrum, demonstrate the potential of these blends in UV-blocking and UV-filtering applications. The minimum direct and direct optical energy gaps are 5.62 and 4.77 eV obtained as the quantity of PANi became 0.3 wt %. The highest refractive index values (n = 1.66 at 600 nm) were acquired as the blend was doped with 0.4 wt % PANi. The impact of different fillers on the linear and nonlinear optical parameters was explored. The inclusion of ZnCo1.9Al0.1O4/CNPs/x wt % PANi resulted in an improvement in PVA/CMC/PEG blended polymer's optical conductivity. The FL intensities of the loaded blends are comparatively lower than those of the undoped blend. The values of the dielectric constants of doped blends with x = 0 or 0.4 are notably higher than those of other blends. Doped blend with x = 0.2 exhibited the highest energy density value (9 × 10−3 J/m3 at 1 kHz). The doped blend with x = 0.4 has the highest ac conductivity (1.53 × 10−8 Sm−1 at 1 kHz). The influence of doping on the relaxation time and capacitance behavior of the host blend was inspected. These outcomes suggest the opportunity of employing the created nanocomposites in capacitive energy storage and optoelectronic devices.

Tuning optical, magnetic, and electrical parameters of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles incorporated with GO and ZnO using a facile synthesis

Nano-ferrites, metal oxides, and carbon-based nanomaterials have been used frequently to enhance optical and magnetic prospects for latent applications. Copper ferrite/Graphene Oxide and Zinc Oxide (CuFe2O4/GO/ZnO) ternary nanocomposite synthesized by hydrothermal route showed dramatically good outcomes as the band gap energy value of synthesized nanocomposite approaches to 2.4 eV. Furthermore, the light absorbance of CuFe2O4 increases by adding ZnO and GO. The experimental data revealed the face-centered cubic structure (FCC) of pure spinal ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles even after adding ZnO and GO. The 2θ peak observed at 31.70° with (220) hkl planes indicates the successful addition of ZnO nanoparticles in CuFe2O4/GO nanocomposite. XRD graph, the absence of characteristic peaks of GO revealed the intercalation of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles with GO layers. In SEM images, agglomeration among CuFe2O4 nanoparticles is observed due to the magnetic interaction of nano-crystallite with a high surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio. VSM can be used to determine the magnetic properties of as-synthesized samples at moderate temperatures under 0–0.5 and ± 5 tesla. In CuFe2O4/GO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite, the saturation magnetization value reduces from 2.071 to 1.365 emu/g due to the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. The loops were narrowed showing a decrease in the coercive field with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles in CuFe2O4/GO ternary nanocomposite material. Moreover, the study of electrical properties of pure CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/GO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite revealed that the values of dielectric constant and tangent loss decrease at high frequencies owing to surface charge polarization and intrinsic dipole interactions. The study of the electrical properties of both pure CuFe2O4 and the CuFe2O4/GO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite reveals that the dielectric constant (ε’) and tangent loss (tanδ) exhibit a decreasing trend as the frequency increases. This behavior is attributed to surface charge polarization and intrinsic dipole interactions. At lower frequencies, both samples display elevated values for these properties, which stabilize as the frequency increases beyond 2 MHz. Notably, high AC conductivity is observed in both samples, attributed to increased capacitance and resistance.

Synergistic effects of Li-based ferrite and graphene oxide in microwave absorption applications

The successful fabrication of composites consisting of ferrites with a composition of Li0.4Mg0.25Zn0.25Fe2.2O4 and Graphene oxide was carried out using the ultra-sonication technique. The current study examined the impact of graphene oxide in spinel ferrite employing X-ray diffraction, dielectric, and magnetic susceptibility studies. The X-ray diffraction investigation confirmed the spinel phase formation in ferrite and graphene oxide synthesis. The measured range for the size of crystallites was found to be between 48.43 and 30.07 nm. The DC resistivity of cubic ferrite at room temperature was determined to be 1.715 ×1010 ohm-cm by a two-probe approach. Furthermore, it was observed that the resistivity fell significantly as the content of graphene oxide increased. The dielectric constant exhibited behavior consistency with the Maxwell-Wagner phenomenon of interfacial polarization. The rise in graphene oxide content in ferrite results in high AC conductivity of composites due to the relatively large value of conductivity of graphene oxide and the improved charge hopping mechanism. The magnetic susceptibility of all the samples demonstrated a progressive decline as the temperature increased, which can be attributed to the disruption of spin alignment at the Curie temperature. The observed Curie temperature of all samples was 413–473 K. Integrating spinel ferrite with Graphene oxide has significantly improved the magneto-electrical characteristics, indicating potential applications in supercapacitors, high-frequency electromagnetic devices, and microwave absorption.

Investigating and characterizing electrical properties of polypyrrole/SiO2/FePS3 nanocomposite

AbstractNovel nanocomposites of polypyrrole (PPy) embedded in silica (SiO2) and iron phosphorus trisulphide (FePS3) nanoparticles have been fabricated. The nanocomposite's dielectric characteristics have been examined in relation to temperature ranges of 25–200°C and frequency ranges of 0.1–7 MHz. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and dielectric measurements have all been used to evaluate the prepared nanocomposite. The monoclinic crystal structure of the prepared FePS3 and PPy/SiO2/FePS3 nanocomposite is confirmed by XRD, EDX, and TEM studies. The FePS3 is perfectly layered structure in the SEM image, and FePS3 and SiO2 particles are well intercalated, creating novel nanocomposites of two nanoparticle phases that served as a union network during the polymerization process. The IR spectrum shows that PPy is a dopant in the interlayer area of FePS3. The splitting major peak (570 cm−1) of FePS3 is visible at around 640 and 560 cm−1. The high AC conductivity values indicated that the combination of FePS3/SiO2 nano‐matrix contains PPy at high packing densities and confirming the semiconducting properties of the nanocomposite to be used in several electronic applications.

The influence of Nd3+ doping on the structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of nanoscale hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO

Nd3+ doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) Zn1−xNdxO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were successfully synthesized via simple co-precipitation method. To extract precise crystallite size and lattice strain from the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, Halder-Wagner method was employed. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis clearly substantiates the NPs formation.The band gap variation in the doped samples in comparison with the pristine sample is extracted from UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The decrease in Photo-luminance (PL) intensity is observed to be significant for enhanced photocatalytic applications. At room temperature (RT), all Nd3+doped ZnO samples exhibit a distinct hysteretic loop. The initial magnetization graph and M-T curve fitted by the modified Brillouin function and combination of spin wave and Curie-Weiss law respectively. The well-fittings indicate the co-existence of paramagnetic (PM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phases in the doped sample, and the quantitative contribution to each phase is also extracted. Significantly high dielectric constant and low ac conductivity at a low frequency region support the presence of large dipolar effect-induced frequency-dependent short-range conductivity in these pristine and Nd3+ doped ZnO samples.

Low temperature dielectric studies of aluminum doped tin oxide nanoparticles

This study presents a facile sol-gel route for synthesizing pristine and Al-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. The phase purity of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), revealing a tetragonal cassiterite structure for all samples. The crystallite size, determined by using the Scherrer equation and Willamson-Hall plot, ranged from 9.66 nm to 25.75 nm and exhibited an increasing trend with increasing doping concentration. Raman spectroscopy further corroborated this structural identification. The incorporation of aluminum (Al) into the tin oxide matrix was validated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the bandgap from 3.6 eV to 3.2 eV upon Al doping, attributed to the decreasing lattice strain with increasing Al content and other underlying mechanisms. The dielectric properties, including dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity, were examined as a function of frequency and doping concentration within the temperature range of 100 K–400 K. These properties exhibited an increasing trend up to 6 % Al doping. Interestingly, the 8 % doped sample exhibited the lowest dielectric loss and the highest AC conductivity, making it a promising candidate for applications in high-frequency electronics, energy storage, and ferroelectric devices.

Optical, Dielectric, Magnetic, Photocatalytic, and Antibacterial Properties of Ga-Doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 Synthesized by the Microemulsion Approach.

The effect of Ga-substitution on bismuth ferrite BiGaxFe1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) properties was investigated, which was fabricated using a microemulsion route. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that specimens had a single-phase rhombohedral structure with space group R3̅c. The concentration of Ga had an impact on various properties such as structural parameters, crystalline size, porosity, and unit cell volume. The samples exhibited notable values for the dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss in the low-frequency range, which declined as the frequency increased due to different polarizations. The increment in the AC conductivity was associated with rise in frequency. The P-E loops demonstrated that the samples became more resistive as the Ga concentration increased. The retentivity (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) values reduced as the Ga content increased, although all samples had Hc values within the range for electromagnetic materials. The Ga-substitution had a synergistic effect on the electrochemical characteristics of BiGaxFe1-xO3, resulting in greater conductivity than that of undoped BiFeO3. These enhanced properties contributed to their higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of crystal violet under visible light irradiation. The doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 exhibited 79% dye degradation after 90 min of illumination compared to 54% for pure BiFeO3. Recycling experiments confirmed the stability and reusability of the synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the samples was certified against various microbes, and the doped BiGaxFe1-xO3 showed promising activity. Thus, doped materials are good candidates for memories, dielectric resonators, and photovoltaics because of their high dielectric constant and AC conductivity, while their higher photocatalytic activity under visible light makes them promising photocatalysts for removing noxious and harmful effluents from wastewaters.

Effect of CsBr on the optical properties and electrical conductivity of PVP/PVA composite for flexible optoelectronic devices

This research contributes to the field by investigating the novel combination of PVP/PVA with CsBr NPs and elucidating the structural, optical, and electrical modifications that result from this combination, particularly focusing on the potential for energy storage and semiconductor characteristics of CsBr NPs. The insertion of CsBr NPs as a nanofiller has increased the degree of amorphousness in the PVP/PVA mixture, according to the XRD of the samples under investigation. The degree of crystallinity reduced from 32.15 to 18.56. FT-IR confirms the interaction or complexation of CsBr NPs with polymer blend. AFM investigations have revealed modifications in the surface morphology of the prepared films from smooth to rough as a result of the CsBr nanofiller. Utilizing UV/vis absorption spectra, the values of direct and indirect band gaps were determined. The optical band gaps decreased as CsBr NPs concentration increased, reaching a maximum of 3.65 eV for permitted indirect transition. By Jonscher's universal power equation, composites have a higher AC conductivity at high frequencies. It is also found to rise with increasing nanoparticle concentration. The film containing 15 wt% CsBr NP exhibits good optical properties, good conductivity, and a high dielectric constant. Dielectric constants (ε′ and ε′′) improved with increasing CsBr NPs concentration and decreased with rising frequency. The polymer nanocomposite acquired met the essential optical and electrical criteria, indicating its suitability for various electronic applications. These applications encompass functions such as energy storage devices, gas sensors, and optoelectronic devices.

Synergistic approach for enhancement of optical and electrical dielectric properties of size-tunable Cu doped NiO semiconductor quantum nanoflakes

In this article, isolated percolative Cu-doped NiO nanoflakes were manufactured through an advanced chemical synthesis method. The powder materials were sintered at 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C to pursue the effectuation of phase and band gap adaptation from X-ray diffractometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The optical study for nanoparticles was effectuated by Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometer, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirm the quantum confinement effect. Morphology and elemental conformation were surveyed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive X-ray depiction and confirmed the nanostructure of our sample. The frequency and temperature dependence dielectric constant, loss tangent (tanδ), ac conductivity (σac); and the Nyquist plot were also premeditated. Finally, the larger ionic radii and higher valency of the dopant yields a subsequently high dielectric constant and ac conductivity along with low loss paving the empowerment of Cu-impregnated NiO nanoparticles in optoelectrical automation.

Titania Nanoparticle-Stimulated Ultralow Frequency Detection and High-Pass Filter Behavior of a Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: A Self-Sustaining Energy Harvester for Active Motion Tracking.

A significant driving force for the fabrication of IoT-compatible smart health gear integrated with multifunctional sensors is the growing trend in fitness and the overall wellness of the human body. In this work, we present an autonomous motion and activity-sensing device based on the efficacious nucleation of the polar β-phase in an electroactive polymer. Representatively, we investigate the nucleating effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on weight-modulated PVDF-HFP films (PT-5, PT-10, and PT-15) and subsequently prototype a sensing device with the film that demonstrates superior β-phase nucleation. The PT-10 film, with an optimal polar β-phase, shows the highest remnant polarization (2Pr) and energy density of 0.36 μC/cm2 and 22.3 mJ/cm3, respectively, at 60 kV/cm. The films mimic a high pass filter at frequencies above 10 KHz with very low impedance and high ac conductivity values. The frequency-dependent impedance studies reveal an effective interfacial polarization between TiO2 nanoparticles and PVDF-HFP, explicitly observed in the low-frequency region. Consequently, the sensor fabricated with PT-10 as the sensing layer exhibits ultralow frequency detection (25 Hz) resulting from the blood flow muscle oxygenation. The device successfully senses voluntary joint movements of the human body and actively tracks a range of motions, from brisk walking to running. Additionally, through repetitive human finger-tapping motion, the nanogenerator lights up multiple light-emitting diodes in series and charges capacitors of varying magnitudes under 50 s. The real-time human motion sensing and movement tracking modalities of the sensor hold promise in the arena of smart wearables, sports biomechanics, and contact-based medical devices.

BaO nanoparticle contribution to PVA on the way to become a more functional material

AbstractIn this study, it is aimed to produce a non‐carcinogenic and environmentally friendly biodegradable multi‐functional PVA‐based nanocomposite by improving its electrical properties and mechanical strength. For this purpose, BaO nanoparticles produced by the co‐precipitation method, have been added to the PVA matrix between 0.5% and 5% by mass, and thick film nanocomposites have been produced. The structural properties of the samples and the doping particle have been investigated by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. While electrical measurements have been carried out by an impedance analyzer at room temperature between 20 Hz and 15 MHz frequency, tensile tests have been performed by a mechanical tensile device. The addition of 5% BaO nanoparticles not only increased the energy storage capability of PVA significantly (117%) but also managed to reduce the loss factor considerably (77%). Moreover, compared to other samples, PVA/5% BaO nanocomposite also stands out with its higher ac conductivity within the mid‐and high‐frequency range. Furthermore, the 5% BaO nanoparticle additive provided a serious benefit to the mechanical strength of PVA by improving its Young's modulus, toughness, and stress at the break at different rates. As a result, the BaO nanoparticle additive makes PVA a more functional material as well as more technologically desired.

Synthesis, characterization, electrical, and magnetic properties of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose blend doped with nickel ferrites nanoparticles for magneto‐electronic devices

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes are an intriguing technology in terms of magneto‐opto electronic applications due to having a high dielectric constant, a small band gap, and excellent magnetic characteristics. In order to improve structural, optical, dielectric, conductivity, and magnetic characteristics, this research seeks to prepare nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles and polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films containing NiFe2O4. Nanoparticles of NiFe2O4 are prepared using the co‐precipitation method. The CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 nanocomposites films are prepared using casting solution. To improve their structural, optical, conductivity, dielectric, and magnetic characteristics, these films electrolytes were examined using XRD, TEM, FT‐IR, UV–vis, and VSM measurements. According to the XRD analysis, the CMC/PVA blend polymer matrix demonstrates a considerable increase in amorphous nature with the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) content, producing a highly flexible polymer backbone, increasing ionic conductivity of the CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 nanocomposite films. The complexation of dopant cations with the CMC/PVA polymer matrix's backbone is confirmed by the FT‐IR spectroscopy. According to the UV–visible technique, the dopant NiFe2O4 concentration considerably affects the optical energy band gap, and Urbach energy of the pure CMC/PVA. At higher loading, these effects are more pronounced. At room temperature, ac conductivity, the dielectric behavior, and electrical modulus formalism were studied. The blend's highest AC conductivity is 4.77 × 103 S/cm. After increasing the loading of NiFe2O4 to 1.5 wt%, it increased to 8.07 × 104 S/cm. There has also been research on dielectric permittivity and electric modulus to further understand conductivity relaxation and charge storage qualities. The polymer nanocomposite, generally, displayed better optical, dielectric constant, conductivity, and magnetic characteristics compared to pure CMC/PVA being useable in terms of high energy storage nanoelectronics' manufacturing.Highlights NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by using the co‐precipitation method. Nanocomposite films of CMC/PVA–NiFe2O4 were successfully prepared by casting method. XRD patterns confirmed the increase in the degree amorphousity for nanocomposites films compare pure blend. From optical energy gap results for samples prepared was enhanced after addition NiFe2O4. The dielectric and magnetic properties showed that all nanocomposites films exhibited enhanced as compared to pure CMC/PVA film.

Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Optical and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline/Nickel Ferrite Composites.

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles are prepared by using a low-temperature self-propagating solution combustion method using urea as fuel. The prepared nickel ferrite nanoparticles were doped with polyaniline in the three different weight ratios of 10%, 30% and 50% by using an in situ polymerization method and by adding ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. The obtained samples were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, SEM and a UV-visible spectrophotometer. XRD examined crystalline peaks of ferrites and amorphous peak of polyaniline and confirmed the formation of the composites. FTIR examined the chemical nature of samples and showed peaks due to polyaniline and the characteristic peaks that were less than 1000 cm-1 wavenumber were due to metal-oxygen bond vibrations of ferrites. AC conductivity increased with frequency in all samples and the highest AC conductivity was seen in polyaniline/nickel ferrite 50%. DC conductivity increased in all samples with the temperature showing the semiconducting nature of the samples. Activation energy was evaluated by using Arrhenius plots and there was a decrease in activation energy with the addition of ferrite content. The UV-visible absorption peaks of polyaniline showed shifting in the composites. The optical direct and indirect band gaps were evaluated by plotting Tauc plots and the values of the optical band gap decreased with addition of ferrite in polyaniline and the Urbach energy increased in the samples with 10%, 30% and 50% polyaniline/nickel ferrite composites. The optical properties of these composites with a low band gap can find applications in devices such as solar cells.

High performance biopolymer blend nanocomposites derived from cashew gum/polyvinyl alcohol/boehmite for flexible electronic devices

AbstractThis work reports on a bio‐based polymer blend comprised of polyvinyl alcohol/cashew gum (PVA/CG) embedded with boehmite nanoparticles to tailor the structural, thermal, mechanical properties, and electrical response. The chemical bonding between boehmite and the PVA/CG blend was confirmed by FTIR. The XRD data showed that the nanocomposite films had distinct peaks of boehmite. The SEM images revealed uniformly dispersed morphology at 5 wt% boehmite. The elemental composition of blend nanocomposites was revealed by the EDX analysis. The thermal stability of the blend increases with increasing boehmite, whereas the glass transition temperature decreases. The highest AC conductivity was achieved for PVA/CG/7 wt% boehmite, which was 4.6 times greater than the pure blend. The frequency and temperature‐dependent dielectric constant, modulus and impedance of all films were examined in conjunction with different nanoparticle loadings. Tensile strength and hardness have improved with the addition of boehmite into the PVA/CG blend whereas the elongation at break slightly decreases. The PVA/CG blend had a tensile strength of 31.17 MPa, which increased to 44.66 MPa when 7 wt% boehmite was added. Therefore, eco‐friendly PVA/CG/boehmite films with good thermal stability, mechanical strength, dielectric constant, and conductivity could be a practical green substitute for flexible electronic, charge storage, and electrochemical devices.

Investigation on growth, structural and physico-chemical traits of 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4′-N'-phenyl-stilbazolium hexafluorophosphate (DAPSH) crystal

An organic salt 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N’-phenyl-stilbazolium hexafluorophospate (DAPSH) was synthesized by metathesization process using acetonitrile solvent and DAPSH was crystallized by slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis of DAPSH crystal revealed that the crystal possesses monoclinic crystal system with the non-centrosymmetric space group Cc. The existence of various functional groups present in the titular material is affirmed using FTIR analysis. UV–vis-NIR spectral analysis revealed the optical absorption of DAPSH crystal and the band gap as 3.1 eV. The elemental percentage composition was verified by CHN and EDAX analysis. Vickers Microhardness testing was used to assess the mechanical stability of the produced crystal. The DAPSH crystal is stable up to 250 °C, according to thermal analysis. The Kurtz and Perry NLO test confirms DAPSH's second harmonic generation (SHG) ability. The dielectric measurement was conducted in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz for different temperatures (313, 323, 373, 423 and 473 K). The crystal exhibited low dielectric loss in the high frequency region and AC conductivity was calculated from the dielectric data. The anticancer and toxicity properties of the produced DAPSH crystal were investigated and it was confirmed to be an effective substance against cancer cells.

Modification and development in the microstructure of PVA/CMC-GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites films as an application in energy storage devices and magnetic electronics industry

We used casting method to create nanocomposites films from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and GO/Fe3O4 as nanofiller. Various analyses such as structural, vibrational, optical, conductivity, dielectric and magnetic studies reveal promising properties of the prepared polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) films. The amorphous phase of the polymer blend increased with increasing GO/Fe3O4 concentration up to samples containing 0.05%GO/1%Fe3O4 nanofiller, according to X-ray diffraction. The complexation of the nanofiller with the polymer blend's –OH, –COO, CO, and –CH groups through a coordinate bond/hydrogen bond was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared analysis. While the Urbach energy showed a trend in the opposite direction, the optical bandgap gradually turned red as the nanofiller concentration increased. The interaction of GO/Fe3O4 ions with the CMC/PVA matrix is attributed to the changes in optical properties of CMC/PVA. The Jonscher's power law (JPL) is observed in all samples' ac conductivity spectra. To comprehend the charge storage competences, research of dielectric permittivity was also conducted. A study of dielectric permittivity was also conducted to comprehend the charge storage competences. While AC conductivity increases with frequency, dielectric characteristics decrease with frequency. With the addition of nanofiller, AC conductivity and dielectric characteristics increase. For 0.05%GO/1%Fe3O4 nanofiller loaded sample, the highest AC conductivity and dielectric constant were attained. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed that synthesized nanocomposite films exhibit superparamagnetic features. The unique features of CMC/PVA-GO/Fe3O4 films enable their employment in a variety of industries, including magnetic electronics, energy storage devices, and optoelectronics.

Enhancement of the Platinum nanoparticles of Biochemistry properties using a Scanning Electron Microscope SEM

Dielectric constants, dielectric degradation, and alternating current conductivity were calculated based on the frequency and composition of the doping material. At higher frequencies, high AC conductivity and a low dielectric constant were observed. The 'Maxwell Wagner Model' can clarify the above hypothesis and may provide new insights into the fabrication of dialectically conceivable nanomaterials. The photocatalytic function of our samples has been investigated by studying the degradation of Rhoda mine B in UV visible light. The photocatalyst analysis provides a convenient way to determine your fate through various reutilizations.

Synthesis, characterization, biological and dielectric studies of a proton transfer compound of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid with 1H-benzimidazole-2-amine and its vanadium and iron complexes

A proton transfer salt, (HBIA+)(HPDA−)·H2O (L), and its vanadium (HBIA)[VO2(PDA)] (C1) and iron complexes, (HBIA)[Fe(PDA)2]·2H2O (C2) [H2PDA = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; BIA = 1H-benzimidazole-2-amine] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Visible, 1H and 13C NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) studies. According to SC-XRD, compound L and C2 crystalizes in Monoclinic (P21/c) and C1 in Triclinic (P-1) crystal system and exist as multi-component proton transfer systems stabilized by COO−NH+ ion pair interactions. Thermal, biological and material aspects of compounds were explored by TG-DTA study, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and dielectric study. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against the microorganisms, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC 2783), Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 890) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 13,883). Antifungal activity was evaluated against Aspergillus niger (ATCC16404) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231). Band gap energy values with UV–Visible spectra reveal the semiconducting nature of compounds. The vanadium complex shows significant antidiabetic activity (IC50value = 315 µg/mL) compared with the standard reference. Presence of easily polarizable water molecule is responsible for the high dielectric constant value (ԑ = 41.96 at 1 Hz) and ac conductivity (σac) for the iron complex C2.

Thermal, dielectric and optical studies on cellulose acetate butyrate-gold nanocomposite films prepared by laser ablation

This work employed pulsed laser ablation to produce cellulose acetate butyrate-gold (CAB-Au) nanocomposite films and the evaluation of their structural and thermal characteristics using Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In the frequency range 0.1–10 MHz, nanocomposite films' dielectric constant, loss, and electric modulus behavior were investigated as a function of temperature. The refractive index, finesse coefficient, Brewster coefficient, critical angles, dielectric function, and color properties of nanocomposite films were examined in the wavelength range 190–800 nm. X-ray diffraction shows a strong Au diffraction signal in all samples, confirming Au NPs. The SEM micrograph shows Au embedded in CAB. The CAB-Au nanocomposites had higher thermal stabilities (Tm) than pure CAB, and the DSC thermograms showed a fluctuating glass transition temperature due to the dynamics of organic-inorganic interactions in the nanocomposite films. Dielectric dispersion is caused by hidden dipolar polarization. The CAB (5 min) sample had the highest ac conductivity as a function of frequency at various temperatures as the Au content in the Au/CAB composite rose. The simplest quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model also best explains the ac conduction property. We found a relationship between the nanocomposites' refractive index and the amount (extent of incorporation) of Au in the materials, with laser irradiation time determining the various color constants. Tauc plots reveal a permitted transition with an optical energy gap of 5.1eV for the polymer film and 4.75eV after 10 and 20 min of laser irradiation.