High Volume Of Work Research Articles

Implementation of Discipline Development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an Effort to Prevent Corruption

Article 12 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus stipulates that employees in their duties must be clean from corruption, collusion, and nepotism. The implementation of discipline development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an effort to prevent corruption crimes in the Agam Regency Regional Government is by disseminating to CPNS and ASN regarding anti-corruption behavior. Obligation to submit asset reports reported annually. Strengthening the internal integrity system of government agencies through various regional policies. The policy includes gratification control, conflict of interest handling, community complaint management through the Public Service Complaint Management System-People's Aspiration and Complaint Service (SP4N-LAPOR) channel which has been integrated with central and local government agencies. Control of corruption at the service unit level through the construction of Integrity Zones (ZI). Cooperation with the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra Province conducts surveys regularly. The routine survey is aimed at determining public perceptions as service recipients regarding service quality and anti-corruption perceptions. Obstacles in the implementation of discipline development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an effort to prevent corruption crimes in the Agam Regency Regional Government include weak supervision and lack of guidance caused by the high volume of work and activities. The attitude of superiors who are too protective of their subordinates even though their subordinates commit deviations. Inadequate employee welfare factors. ASN is one of the things that must be considered by the Government. It is undeniable that they work to provide for the family. If they feel that their needs cannot be met optimally then they will try to get other jobs (side jobs) to meet their needs.

High entropy alloys and methods for synthesis

High entropy alloys (HEA) are now a well-known group of materials, which has been studied intensely in the past decade. Due to the high complexity of the various HEA structures and the wide compositional spectrum, the research in the field continues with important discoveries and high work volume. Numerous articles presented various modalities to describe the thermodynamics and atomic arrangement in HEA structures and develop specific criteria for the selection of compositions with predicted solid solution structures. The next step towards the industrial use of the new category of alloys needs to be taken and implies the necessity to describe the implications of methods for alloy synthesis, as the structures obtained would be the closest to the theoretically assumed equilibrium. A succinct review of the methods and results were presented in the article.

The work of palliative care from the perspectives of district nurses: A qualitative study.

To explore the work of palliative care from the perspectives of district nurses with a focus on the strategies they use to achieve positive outcomes for patients. An exploratory descriptive qualitative study. A combination of group and individual interviews using semi-structured interviewing were used to explore district nurses' views of providing palliative care across two large urban community nursing services. Sixteen district nurse participants were interviewed. Three key themes were identified: "Getting what was needed" involved finding solutions, selling a story and establishing relationships. District nurses sought ways to "Stay involved" recognizing the benefit of delaying discharge for some patients. "Completing a nursing task" was a way of managing time constraints and a form of self-protection from having difficult conversations. This study highlights the importance of understanding the contextual nature of the practice setting in relation to the provision of palliative care. In doing so, it has revealed the strategies district nurses use to overcome the challenges associated with providing palliative care within a generalist workload. District nurses experience a tension between managing high patient workloads and remaining patient centred in palliative care. Being task focused is a way of remaining safe while managing a high volume of work and is not always a negative factor in the care they provide. However, focusing on a task while at the same time addressing other unmet needs requires a set of skills that less experienced nurses may not have. Palliative care education alone will not improve the quality of palliative care provided by generalist community district nurses. The practice context is an important factor to take into consideration when supporting the integration of palliative care in district nursing. No patient or public contribution was made to this study. We have adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the COREQ reporting method.

Misdiagnosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Lymphoma Initially Diagnosed as Coronavirus Infection

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, physicians delivered a leading part and carried a high work volume, leading to burnout, which subsequently compromised patient safety, decreased the quality of care, and increased misdiagnosis. In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians should have been vigilant and informed about the potential conditions resulting in medical errors. Particularly, epidemics of infectious illnesses can cause serious challenges in lymphoma diagnosis. Case Presentation: This case report presents a patient with lymphoma presenting with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and a history of contact with her family members who tested positive for COVID-19, which caused delayed diagnosis and treatment, disease progression, and finally, the death of the patient. In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the center of attention was detracted from other possible diagnoses, thereby missing lymphoma as a potentially treatable disease. Conclusions: Although physicians are required to be watchful for COVID-19 amid the pandemic, it is also necessary not to neglect other diseases. A delay in the initiation of cancer therapy, even for one month, has been reported to increase the risk of mortality by approximately 10%.

Thematic Analysis of Career Problems of Social Workers

Aim: Considering the prevalence of career problems in the helping professions, the aim of the present study was to investigate the career problems of social workers.
 Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis approach. The population included all the social workers of Shahrekord city, 17 of whom were selected through purposeful sampling until theoretical data saturation was reached. For collecting the information, semi-structured interviews were used. Atride-Sterling network theme analysis method was used to analyze the data.
 Findings: Social workers perceive career problems in three overarching themes: Intrapersonal problems, interpersonal problems and transpersonal problems. Intrapersonal problems included two organizing themes of emotional-sentimental problems (anxiety, general depression, burnout and violence), and physical problems. In the field of interpersonal problems, the themes of the organizer include: career problems transfer into the family and home, communication problems with clients (collapse of work and personal boundaries with clients, inability to manage clients' high expectations and cultural, educational and social problems of clients), problems related to lack of organizational commitment (feeling of discrimination and low conscientiousness of colleagues), problems related to the policy of the organization (change and diversity of the policy of the organization and the contradiction of the policy of the organization with the needs of clients). The reports of the social workers in the context of transpersonal problems also indicated that the problems related to the nature of the job (high volume of work, high challenge of work), problems related to working conditions (high noise, inappropriate ergonomics and pollution of the work environment) financial and welfare problems and the interference of living environment problems with job duties were the factors that led to career problems in this profession.
 Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that social work is a very challenging job and social workers are among the most vulnerable groups of society who experience many problems in various fields, where the involved related organizations can help them reduce these problems by using career counselors and psychologists, in addition to better comprehensive planning

Public trust of physicians in China improved since the COVID-19 pandemic Began

RationalePublic trust in physicians had declined in China for decades before the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline physicians have experienced high work volume despite a high risk of COVID-19 infection. The willingness of physicians to treat COVID patients with a high risk of exposure to the infection may have improved public trust in physicians. ObjectiveThis study analyzes how public trust in physicians has changed since the pandemic started using a nationally representative survey. MethodsWe used the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), with 179,123 respondents 10 years or older who were eligible to answer the question on public trust in physicians from 2012 to 2020. Public trust has been measured by an 11-point Likert scale. A quasi pre-post study design using a segmented regression impact model was used to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public trust in physicians. ResultsAt the start of the observation period, the average public trust score was 6.86 out of 10.00. The immediate unadjusted change of mean score for public trust during COVID-19 was significantly higher (Coef. = 0.361; 95% CI = 0.359, 0.364). Moreover, a significant increase in the unadjusted trend during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in the mean score for public trust (Coef. = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.004, 0.006). The results were similar to the estimates obtained when we adjusted for demographic characteristics and health status. ConclusionsThe mean score for public trust increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides a new perspective on restoring public trust in physicians, a significant concern of the Chinese healthcare system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social and mainstream media helped to establish the “good doctor” image, which may have improved patients’ trust in physicians. Improving health literacy through effective communication and education may help increase public trust in physicians.

The Luxembourg National Research Fund and ChronosHub: Lessons learned from implementing an Open Access Management platform

Luxembourg is well-known for its continuous efforts to develop a world-class research and innovation landscape and often ranks 1st for ‘Attractive research systems’ [1] on the European Innovation Scoreboard. In this context, the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) plays an important role and introduced its first open access policy in 2017 to ensure that all publications from its funding becomes freely accessible. The FNR also set up an open access fund to cover Article Processing Charges (APC) for these publications. To implement the policy and make sure its funding eligibility criteria were met, data had to be collected and checked manually for each payment request, which involved a high volume of administrative work for both grantees and administrators.Prompted to find a solution to address these challenges, FNR and the Luxembourg National Library (BnL) started a pilot in 2020 together with ChronosHub, an open access management platform. By mid-2021, the pilot phase ended and FNR, BnL and ChronosHub transitioned into long-term operation to streamline open access management on a national level, tying in with all research institutions in the country. Subsequently, all APC payments related to FNR grants are managed through the ChronosHub platform. Authors can do compliance checks for each journal before submission, and upon article acceptance the data ingestion, funding eligibility checks, APC payments and reporting are now more automated. As a result, more authors benefit from getting their APCs funded. However, there are still challenges causing manual work, especially for APCs beyond FNR's funding cap as the institutions, in such cases, need to cover one part of the APC.This paper is a write up of the presentation given during the CRIS2022 conference in May 2022, giving an overview of the initiative, and its problems, solutions, lessons learned and remaining challenges.

An untethered mechanically-intelligent inchworm robot powered by a shape memory alloy oscillator

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based actuators have become ideal candidates for use in compact and lightweight applications. These smart materials have often been referred to as artificial muscles due to their high work volume density. In this paper, a flexure-based SMA powered mechanical oscillator is developed to create an inchworm robot. Here, a novel magnetic latch system is used to create a mechanically-intelligent system that allows the abstraction of any sensors such as temperature probes. This insect robot, weighing only 9.7 g, operates without any control logic or micro-controller and is able to perform a crawling gait untethered. An analytical model of the thermal properties of the SMA coil, for the sizing of the robot speed, and an analytical model of the step length of the insect robot is presented and validated. A working prototype, with a speed of 1.55 mms−1, is showcased in this work.

Effect of job situational factors on work outcomes of facilities managers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the situational factors that facilities managers (FMs) in Singapore face in their jobs affect their work outcomes. Job situation factors such as types of tasks, interpersonal relationships in teams, supervisors’ actions and advancements opportunities are classified into job characteristics, social environment characteristics, leadership and organisational practices categories.Design/methodology/approachBased on a systematic literature review, a questionnaire was designed to collect data on work outcomes and job situational factors from FMs working in public housing estates in Singapore. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Science software, inferential statistical analyses were carried out.FindingsFMs reported that they used economical means and resources to carry out their work significantly frequently and achieved significantly high productivity. Complaints are received significantly frequently and maintenance defects are regularly encountered. Many of the job situational factors are present and found to be significantly correlated with work outcomes and some of these may be used to predict FMs’ work outcomes. Based on the correlation results, the frequency of complaints from residents may be reduced through the following ways: make FMs’ work tasks less challenging; reduce the variety of work tasks that FMs need to execute; reduce FMs’ work volume and speed of work.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to FMs managing public housing estates in Singapore. The work outcomes are self-reported, and thus susceptible to bias. However, as the respondents reported significantly frequent complaints and defects, this might indicate that the bias is not serious.Practical implicationsFMs’ jobs should be broken down into small parts/tasks and assigned to different FMs to specialise. This makes FMs’ tasks less challenging, and allows them to specialise to increase their productivity, improve their quality of work and overcome the problem of high work volume or demanding work speed. By adopting job specialisation, the frequency of receiving complaints from residents may be reduced.Originality/valueThis study discovered strategies to reduce the number of complaints from residents of public housing about facilities management. The contribution to knowledge is that complaints by residents on facilities management can be reduced by adopting job specialisation but not job enlargement. Decomposing work into different tasks and allowing FMs to focus on a few tasks would lead to a reduction in complaints. It also enables FMs to master the skill and complete the tasks without much oversight or supervision.

Challenges of Parents Educating Children's Morals in Muslim Families

The role of parents in the family is needed in children's education. As times progress, parents have challenges in educating children in the family. The aim of this study is to analyze what is the challenge for parents to educate children's morals in Muslim families. This research uses the method qualitative case study approach. Data sources were taken from four informants through in-depth interviews consisting of traditional leaders, clerics, Islamic religious education teachers, and community leaders who were selected using the technique of purposive sampling. All interview results were analyzed using techniques Analysis Interactive Model Milles & Huberman. Analysis results show that there are five challenges for parents in educating children's morals in Muslim families. The five challenges are: i) The high volume of parents' work, ii) the low knowledge of parents about parenting, iii) the strong currents of globalization, iv) the challenges of modern life, v) the low knowledge of parents about the Islami religion. Research result this can be used as information for the community to be able to find solutions to family problems.

Theoretical dilemmas of criminal law in the aspects of canon law and secular law

Cardinal Péter Erdő has been archbishop of the main diocese Esztergom-Budapest, primate of Hungary and the highest leader of the Hungarian catholic church from 2002. Beside his high-ranking ecclesiastical role assumption in the church, he has fulfilled a high volume of work in the world of sciences, too. He is ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and president of the Scientific Academy „Szent István”. He has written numerous scientific books- both in Hungarian and in several foreign languages –in his latest book titled „The Soul of Canon Law” he presents the valid catholic canon law and its historical development. His special research area is canon law, the history of canon law in the Middle Age and the history of the church. The topic of several of his works is the examination of the connection of sin and felony and their theoretical questions. He is active participant of the international scientific public life of canon law, and board member of several international scientific bodies. In the topic of canon law, he is an unavoidable authority not only in Hungary but also internationally. „He is deeply interested in law history, in the human relations of canon law, he is not only interested in the change of rules but also in their backgrounds.” „There are a few people only who can like law in a human way” – said his former teacher about him. It is not a coincidence that Cardinal Péter Erdő in addition to his ecclesiastical duties in the classical sense, has taken and continues to play a major role in the field of ecclesiastical law in both research and education. At the opening of this year’s ecumenic orison week he said in his speech: „Today we especially need to protect and help families. Even if the external environment aggravates sometimes the life of our families, the more we have to stand forthem with generous love.” (URL1). As the highest church leader of the country, he has taken every opportunity to encourage believers and non-believers alike to endure and deal with the special situation caused by the pandemic. In September 2020 the church leaders conducted a meeting – on initiative of Dr. Sándor Pintér, Minister of the Interior – about developments and experiences of the program „Catching up settlements”. Among others we asked Cardinal Péter Erdő how he considers the social role-taking of the Hungarian Catholic Church especially with regard to the pandemic, what he thinks about the connection of canon law and secular law. The interview was conducted by Zsuzsanna Hornyik.

Needs and barriers of medical personnel in Catalonian occupational health services

to identify the difficulties and needs of medical professionals in occupational health services in Catalonia with respect to carrying out their functions, as prescribed by law. Delphi study in three rounds. The selection of participants was carried out sepa - rately for in-house versus outsourced occupational health services. The first round included two open-ended questions: What difficulties do you encounter when performing your duties in your occupational health service? And, what are your needs in terms of being able to per - form your duties in your occupational health service? In the second and third rounds, partic - ipants ranked the categories identified in the first round according to their importance and relevance. We calculated an inter-rater agreement index (ICC) and an "index of concern (IP)". Among in-house occupational health services, the most highly ranked difficulties were case management of workers with limitations and the low quality of medical sur - veillance systems. Among outsourced occupational health services, the most notable dif - ficulties were the lack of communication with other organizations and the prioritization of economic and profitability criteria associated with the high work volume. For both types of services, there was a clear need to establish communication channels with other institu - tions or organizations such as primary care, mutual insurance companies, public medical evaluation units and public occupational health units. The different type of occupational health services reflects important differ - ences in the types of difficulties encountered, but not in needs, where there are more points in common.

Work-Life Balance Research in Athletic Training: Perspectives on Future Directions.

Work-Life Balance Research in Athletic Training: Perspectives on Future Directions.

Metabolic profiling of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures at different working volumes and agitation speeds using spin tube reactors.

Culture systems based on spin tube reactors have been consolidated in the development of manufacturing processes based on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Despite their widespread use, there is little information about the consequences of varying operational setting parameters on the culture performance of recombinant CHO cell lines. Here, we investigated the effect of varying working volumes and agitation speeds on cell growth, protein production, and cell metabolism of two clonally derived CHO cell lines (expressing an IgG1 and a "difficult-to-express" fusion protein). Interestingly, low culture volumes increased recombinant protein production and decreased cell growth, while high culture volumes had the opposite effect. Altering agitation speeds exacerbated or moderated the differences observed due to culture volume changes. Combining low agitation rates with high culture volumes suppressed growth and recombinant protein production in CHO cells. Meanwhile, high agitation rates narrowed the differences in culture performance between low and high working volumes. These differences were also reflected in cell metabolism, where low culture volumes enhanced oxidative metabolism (linked to a productive phenotype) and high culture volume generated a metabolic profile that was predominately glycolytic (linked to a proliferative phenotype). Our findings indicate that the culture volume influence on metabolism modulates the balance between cell growth and protein production, a key feature that may be useful to adjust CHO cells toward a more productive phenotype.

The Relationship between Workload and Nursing Job Satisfaction in One Private Hospital in The West Region of Indonesia

Nurse as a profession and caregiver who composed the large portion of healthcare service workers is required to have high expertise in carrying out nursing practice, the speed at work, and high work volume. With these important roles, the income earned by nurses is still in the low category as a healthcare provider that makes nurses feel dissatisfied in their work. The purpose of this study was to describe the workload of nurses, level of work satisfaction and to find out the relationship between the workloads in nursing and the job satisfaction in one private hospital in the west region of Indonesia. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire of nursing workload and nursing job satisfaction on 126 nurses in one private hospital in the west region of Indonesia with a total sampling technique. Univariate and bivariate were conducted to analyze the collected data. This study found that there were 55% of nurses with high workload and 52% of nurses with job dissatisfaction. There was a relationship between workloads to nursing job satisfaction (p-value 0.001). This research recommend the hospitals to re-evaluate nurses job satisfaction, give reward and set excellent and evident career path in nursing.

Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Setting of High Work Volume Against Limited Resources: Perspective of a Developing Country

BackgroundThe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Indian subcontinent is worsening. In Bangladesh, rate of new infection has been on the rise despite limited testing facility. Constraint of resources in the health care sector makes the fight against COVID-19 more challenging for a developing country like Bangladesh. Vascular surgeons find themselves in a precarious situation while delivering professional services during this crisis. With the limited number of dedicated vascular surgeons in Bangladesh, it is important to safeguard these professionals without compromising emergency vascular care services in the long term. To this end, we at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital, Dhaka, have developed a working guideline for our vascular surgeons to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guideline takes into account high vascular work volume against limited resources in the country.MethodsA total of 307 emergency vascular patients were dealt with in the first 4 COVID-19 months (March through June 2020) according to the working guideline, and the results were compared with the 4 pre–COVID-19 months. Vascular trauma, dialysis access complications, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia formed the main bulk of the patient population. Vascular health care workers were regularly screened for COVID-19 infection.ResultsThere was a 38% decrease in the number of patients in the COVID-19 period. Treatment outcome in COVID-19 months were comparable with that in the pre–COVID-19 months except that limb loss in the chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients was higher. COVID-19 infection among the vascular health care professionals was low.ConclusionsVascular surgery practice guidelines customized for the high work volume and limited resources of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital, Dhaka were effective in delivering emergency care during COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring safety of the caregivers. Despite the fact that similar guidelines exist in different parts of the world, we believe that the present one is still relevant on the premises of a deepening COVID-19 crisis in a developing country like Bangladesh.

Using Statistical Modeling for Enhanced and Flexible Pharmacovigilance Audit Risk Assessment and Planning

BackgroundThe European Medicines Agency Good Pharmacovigilance Practices (GVP) guidelines provide a framework for pharmacovigilance (PV) audits, including limited guidance on risk assessment methods. Quality assurance (QA) teams of large and medium sized pharmaceutical companies generally conduct annual risk assessments of the PV system, based on retrospective review of data and pre-defined impact factors to plan for PV audits which require a high volume of manual work and resources. In addition, for companies of this size, auditing the entire “universe” of individual entities on an annual basis is generally prohibitive due to sheer volume. A risk assessment approach that enables efficient, temporal, and targeted PV audits is not currently available.MethodsIn this project, we developed a statistical model to enable holistic and efficient risk assessment of certain aspects of the PV system. We used findings from a curated data set from Roche operational and quality assurance PV data, covering a span of over 8 years (2011–2019) and we modeled the risk with a logistic regression on quality PV risk indicators defined as data stream statistics over sliding windows.ResultsWe produced a model for each PV impact factor (e.g. 'Compliance to Individual Case Safety Report') for which we had enough features. For PV impact factors where modeling was not feasible, we used descriptive statistics. All the outputs were consolidated and displayed in a QA dashboard built on Spotfire®.ConclusionThe model has been deployed as a quality decisioning tool available to Roche Quality professionals. It is used, for example, to inform the decision on which affiliates (i.e. pharmaceutical company commercial entities) undergo audit for PV activities. The model will be continuously monitored and fine-tuned to ensure its reliability.

Effect of Acute Low-load High-repetition Resistance Exercise on Protein Synthetic Signaling Pathway and Satellite Cell Activation in Skeletal Muscle of Rats

PURPOSE: Previous studies have reported that low-load high-repetition (LLHR) resistance exercise can induce muscle hypertrophy to a similar extent as high-load low-repetition (HLLR). However, it is unclear which mechanical stress, such as exercise intensity, contraction number, and/or total work volume and which molecular mechanisms underpin the greater relative muscle hypertrophy after LLHR exercise.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks, N=35) were randomly allocated into control (Con, n=7), low-load low-repetition (LLLR, n=7), low-load medium-repetition (LLMR, n=7), LLHR (n=7), and HLLR (n=7) resistance exercise groups. They performed a ladder climbing exercise to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity, contraction number and work volume on the activation of satellite cells and protein synthesis signaling pathway.RESULTS: The number of active satellite cells and the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, ERK, and p38 were increased after LLHR and HLLR exercise (<i>p</i><.005). However, phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was only increased after the LLHR exercise (<i>p</i><.05).CONCLUSIONS: Acute low load exercise accompanied by high total work volume may activate muscle protein synthesis mechanisms for hypertrophy similar to high load resistance exercise.

Strategies of Diskominfo SP to Obtain Support to Create Website Based Online System for Kelurahan

In order to improve public service in village (kelurahan), the Local Government of Surakarta create innovation called website based online system (WBOS). The system is intended to facilitate interaction between village government and its citizens utilizing Information Communication Technology (ICT). It is created by the Department of Communications Information Statistics and Coding Service (Dinas Komunikasi Informatika Statistik dan Persandian/Diskominfo SP) and can be used to disseminate government information and publish the village’s potentials. In an effort to create the website, Diskominfo SP need to obtain support from kelurahan. This research is aimed at identifying encountered obstacles and strategies used to overcome it. The structuration theory of Anthony Giddens is employed to analyze the phenomenon and the Three Processes Model is used to elaborate the activities conducted by Diskominfo SP. The data is obtained by interviews and documentation study. The interviews are conducted with Diskominfo SP, web administrators, and local youth organization (Karang Taruna Kelurahan). The results show that the encountered obstacles are; limited number of personnels available in the village, limited number of personnels in the villages who master in computer science, the village’s personnels’ high work volume, and the limited opportunities to create innovation in villages. Meanwhile, the strategies used are making a simple web design, appointing web administrators from village official, local youth organization and SMEs community, conducting special training for web administrators, and inviting local communities to participate in enriching web content and web development.

Is the effect of work-related psychosocial exposure on depressive and anxiety disorders short-term, lagged or cumulative?

To determine the short-term, lagged, and cumulative effects of psychosocial factors (PSF) on the incidence of depression and anxiety. Major depressive disorders (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) were diagnosed in 2006 and 2010 using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview among 5684 workers from the French SIP cohort. The outcome considered here was diagnosis of MDD and/or GAD (MDD/GAD) in 2010. The frequency of 17 PSF, covering labour intensity and working time, emotional demand, autonomy, social relationships, conflict of values, and job insecurity, was self-reported in 2006 and 2010. For each PSF, four groups (A-D) were considered: exposed neither in 2006 nor in 2010 (A as the reference), exposed in 2010 but not in 2006 (B as a short-term association), exposed in 2006 but not in 2010 (C as a lagged association), exposed in both 2006 and 2010 (D as a cumulative association). In men, short-term and cumulative-and to a lesser extent lagged-associations of four labour-intensity factors with MDD/GAD occurrence were observed (high volume of work, pressure at work, high complexity, and long working hours). In women, the short-term and cumulative associations of five PSF were observed, mostly emotional demand factors, lack of reward and work-family imbalance. Job insecurity had strong, short-term, cumulative and lagged associations in both men and women. According to PSF and gender, the results suggest that the relationships between PSF exposure and MDD/GAD were mostly short-term and cumulative rather than lagged.