Measurement Of High-voltage Pulses Research Articles

Picosecond high-voltage pulse measurements.

This paper presents capacitive sensors based on oxide dielectric substrates that provide a high attenuation factor of up to 30 · 103 with a transient time of ∼38 ps. The sensors made it possible to significantly reduce the number of attenuators and increase the bandwidth of the measuring path. The presented sensors have been used successfully for recording high voltage to MV pulses in the time range from a few nanoseconds to tens of picoseconds. The use of the sensors as the point receiving antennas for recording radio pulses in the GHz frequency range with high electric fields is also discussed, along with the trough directional coupler as a unit for additional attenuation of the voltage of the sensor response. The couplers have a high attenuation factor of 1-5 · 103 with a transient time of ∼38 ps. Using the couplers as attenuators for recording waveforms further improves the parameters (bandwidth, transient time) of the measuring circuit. A discussion of some features of the operational mode of this type of sensor and coupler with a focus on wave processes is also presented. This discussion can be used to analyze the general approaches to the improvement of the sensor and coupler as components of the measuring circuit. In this paper, the authors also propose methods for calibrating and calculating the attenuation factor of the sensors.

Multiple electrical response and enhanced energy storage induced by unusual coexistent-phase structure in relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

The immense potential of energy storage materials applied in high energy storage devices has promoted the development of various materials and the exploration of structure. Here, we present the original observations on an unusual coexistent-phase structure in relaxor ferroelectric ceramics 0.2Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.8Pb(SnxTi1-x)O3 (PMN-PST). The novel structure containing independent ferroelectric and relaxor phase in a single grain induces multiple electric response. More importantly, PMN-PST ceramics with the coexistent-phase structure exhibit the enhanced energy storage based on a high voltage pulse measurement. The maximum energy density reaches up to 0.85 J/cm3 at 70 kV/cm for x = 0.48, nearly three times of that of the ferroelectric ceramic (x = 0.36). It is proposed that the coexistent-phase structure generates domain switching and gives rise to coexistent-phase charge coupling that are together responsible for the excellent energy storage performance. This work opens a new pathway to develop relaxor ferroelectric materials in high energy storage fields.

Development of a novel voltage divider for measurement of sub-nanosecond rise time high voltage pulses.

This paper is about the development of a copper sulphate based aqueous-electrolytic voltage divider for the measurement of high voltage pulses, 100 kV, with pulse widths of 1-2 ns and rise time <1 ns. Novel features are incorporated in the design of the divider, to meet the performance requirements for the application. Analytical calculations to justify design are described. Structural simulation of the divider is carried out using field wave simulation software to verify the effectiveness. A calibration procedure has been developed to calibrate the divider. Results obtained during calibration are subjected to statistical analysis to determine the confidence of measurement. Details of design, analysis, and simulation are described in this paper.

Resistive Divider with Mid-Electrode for Nanosecond High-Voltage Pulse Measurement

Resistive dividers have been widely applied in the field of high voltage pulse measurement because of its simple structure, fast response, large power and low distortion rate [1], but measurement inaccuracy is usually coming when the rise time of pulses is less than 10ns. In the article the effects on the response characteristic are investigated theoretically and experimentally and it puts forward a solution that a mid-electrode is joined to transform the distributed capacitance into the one from high voltage side to mid-electrode and the one from mid-electrode to earth in series connection. A new resistive divider with mid-electrode is designed with high voltage side of 10.2kΩ, low voltage side of 10.01Ω and ratio of 1061.86. It is revealed that the divider has excellent response characteristic with the step response time of less than 1.6ns and the measurement uncertainty of less than 1%.

A high-impedance attenuator for measurement of high-voltage nanosecond-range pulses

A novel kind of high-impedance cable attenuator for measurement of high-voltage ns-range pulses is investigated in this paper. The input and output ports of the proposed attenuator were both high-impedance ports, and good pulse response characteristics of the proposed attenuator were obtained with pulse response time less than 1 ns. According to the requirement of measurement, two attenuators with lengths at 14 m and 0.7 m were developed with response time of 1 ns and 20 ns, and the attenuation coefficient of 96 and 33.5, respectively. The attenuator with the length of 14 m was used as a secondary-stage attenuator of a capacitive divider to measure the high-voltage pulses at several hundred ns range. The waveform was improved by the proposed attenuator in contrast to the result only measured by the same capacitive divider and a long cable line directly. The 0.7 m attenuator was also used as a secondary-stage attenuator of a standard resistant divider for an accurate measurement of high-voltage pulses at 100 ns range. The proposed cable attenuator can be used to substitute the traditional secondary-stage attenuators for the measurement of high-voltage pulses.

A Precise Fast High Voltage Pulse Measurement Optical System Using Kerr Cell Containing Nitrobenzene as an Optically Active Material

A Precise Fast High Voltage Pulse Measurement Optical System Using Kerr Cell Containing Nitrobenzene as an Optically Active Material

亚纳秒脉冲高电压测量探头

亚纳秒脉冲高电压测量探头

一种在真空中测量脉冲高电压的电阻分压器

一种在真空中测量脉冲高电压的电阻分压器

一种脉冲高电压测量探头的地电位隔离方法

一种脉冲高电压测量探头的地电位隔离方法

Coaxial Capacitive Dividers for High-Voltage Pulse Measurements in Intense Electron Beam Accelerator With Water Pulse-Forming Line

In this paper, a new coaxial capacitive divider is investigated. The electrical characteristics of the capacitive divider are theoretically analyzed, and the parameters of the capacitive divider are calculated and measured. Its rise time is about 8 ns, and the divider ratio is over 2000. The divider is employed to measure the pulsed high voltages of an intense electron beam accelerator with a water pulse-forming line (PFL) in our laboratory. The capacitive divider can directly measure the diode voltage within nanoseconds, and when combined with an integrator, it can measure the PFL charging voltage with a duration of several microseconds. Compared with conventional resistance dividers, the capacitive divider has more advantages, such as compactness, stability, a relatively high divider ratio, a fast response time, and not much of an effect on the accelerator.

Design of an Electro-Optic Device for In-situ Measurement of High Voltage Pulses

Design of a Pockels cell based electro-optic device is described. The device is designed to measure the amplitude of high voltage pulses in our new Pulsed High Voltage Measurement System (PHVMS) wi...

High-divider-ratio fast-response capacitive dividers for high-voltage pulse measurements

High-divider-ratio fast-response capacitive dividers for high-voltage pulse measurements

Capacitively coupled KD*P Pockels cell for high voltage pulse measurements

A device for high voltage measurements of fast spark transients in electrically noisy environments is presented. The design utilizes a KD*P Pockels cell and a capacitive coupling between the Pockels cell electrode and the high voltage spark electrode. Due to this capacitive voltage divider, the device can be adjusted so that maximum response within the linear range can be obtained for a wide range of voltages. Further characteristics of the device are its fast response time (ns), simplicity of set-up and excellent RF noise suppression because of the electrical isolation of the detector.

Measurement of high-voltage pulses employing a quartz Pockels cell

A high-voltage measuring system, employing a quartz Pockels cell, is described. The system is capable of a large voltage range, a fast response time (ns), a high SNR, an excellent accuracy, a good linearity, and high reliability. Furthermore, the Pockels cell can be isolated from ground potential. Equally important, the detection system can be isolated from sources of electrical noise present in, for example, fast discharges.

Capacitance voltage divider for high-voltage pulse measurement

A circuit capable of dividing 250 kV pulses by a ratio of 100,000 has been built and tested. It permits use of standard oscilloscopes to view high-speed transients that have components between 200 kHz and 200 MHz. The design is an adaptation of the guard ring principle, commonly used in electrostatic measurements.

Precision Capacitive Voltage Divider for Impulse Voltagge Measurements

This paper describes a precision capacitive voltage divider for impulse voltage measurements. The main feature of the new divider is a compressed-gas capacitor in the high-voltage arm. The divider is insensitive to environmental influences, possesses outstanding high-frequency properties, and causes little loading of the high-voltage circuit. Its excellent linearity and stable ratio permit meaningful high-voltage pulse measurements in the megavolt range.

Use of Expanded Laser Beam to Analyze High-Intensity Electric Fields

A Kerr electrooptical technique that permits direct observation and mapping of distorted high-intensity electric fields has been devised at NBS. Analysis of the field profile from two-dimensional fringe images, similar to those observed in photo-elastic mechanical stress analysis, permits calibration of the Kerr System for measurement of high-voltage pulses, and determination of relative field strength, actual field strength, and potential.

Calibration of a Kerr Cell System for High-Voltage Pulse Measurements

Several techniques for calibration of an electrooptical (Kerr cell) high-voltage pulse measuring system are described. Independent calibrations, without reference to pulse divider measurements, are achieved by application of a direct bias voltage to the Kerr cell. After calibration, experiments with voltages as high as 100 kV demonstrate reasonable agreement (to within 1 percent) between simultaneous Kerr cell and calibrated pulse divider measurements.

High-Voltage Pulse Measurement with a Precision Capacitive Voltage Divider

The capacitive voltage divider can be designed to have an accurately known division ratio over a wide range of operating frequencies. A coaxial, guard-ring type geometry is described, and an analysis of possible errors due to geometrical anomalies and temperature variations is given. Due to the particular method of construction used, the division ratio of the divider itself is essentially independent of the dielectric constant of the dielectric oil used. Bridge circuits and their pertinent equations for calibrating the divider are presented. An experimental divider designed to operate on pulsed voltages up to 350 kV is described, having an over-all division ratio of 1042.3±6.0 with an expected temperature dependence of 0.01%/°C.