High Voltage Electricity Research Articles

Electrical Resistivity Tomography study above inaccessible old mine workings for safe erection of high voltage electricity power transmission terrestrial towers: a case study

Electrical Resistivity Tomography study above inaccessible old mine workings for safe erection of high voltage electricity power transmission terrestrial towers: a case study

Analysis of the Power Flow of the Gorontalo Electricity System Due to the Entry of 150 KV Industrial Customers

Currently, in Pohuwato Regency, Popayato District, a wood pellet industry factory has been built by PT. Biomass Jaya Abadi (BJA). To meet electricity needs, electrical energy is taken from the PLN electricity supply through a 150 kV high-voltage electricity network and a special substation (GI) is made to serve its electrical energy needs. So it is said to be a high voltage customer. As a result of the entry of these high voltage customers, it will affect the configuration of the existing electrical system. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of voltage, load flow and power losses after the entry of 150 kV high voltage industrial customers. The method used in this study is the Newton Rhapson method with the help of ETAP 19.01 software. From the simulation results with the inclusion of PT. The BJA can improve the voltage profile on each bus of the 150 kV Gorontalo electrical system and 20 kV outgoing. Loss of power loss after the entry of PT. BJA can provide very small comparison percentages. So that it can provide better system capabilities.

Optimizing photocatalytic performance in an electrostatic-photocatalytic air purification system through integration of triboelectric nanogenerator and Tesla valve

Increasing the collision frequency between gas molecules and photocatalysts can enhance the removal efficiency of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) in air. In this study, we propose an Electrostatic-Photocatalytic air purification system, containing Tesla valve, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and photocatalysis parts. The incorporation of Ag@ZnO nanorod array (Ag@ZnO-NR) photocatalysts into the internal baffles of the Tesla valve pipeline effectively enhances the collision probability between air pollutant molecules and photocatalysts, and thus facilitating the removal efficiency of pollutants. Additionally, the high-voltage electricity (∼9.0 kV) generated by the TENG facilitates the separation of electron-hole pairs in the photocatalyst, leading to increased production of superoxide radicals (O•−2), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and holes (h+), thereby enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. In a 1.8 L space system, we achieved an approximately 97 % removal efficiency for toluene within 130 minutes and a similar efficiency for formaldehyde (∼200 ppm) within 175 minutes. Additionally, the PM2.5 concentration rapidly decreased from 999 μg·m−3 to 42 μg·m−3 within 6 minutes, alongside with a significantly faster pollutant removal rate compared to conventional methods. By integrating Tesla valves, TENG, and photocatalysis, this combined system presents an efficient and promising approach for addressing indoor air pollution, with potential applications across various settings.

Revolutionizing heat distribution: A method for harnessing industrial waste heat with supra-regional district heating networks

In both practice and literature, there is a lack of a concept for a supra-regional district heating network that efficiently transports heat from renewable and industrial waste heat sources to multiple heat sinks and regional district heating networks, like the high-voltage electricity transmission network in the electricity sector. This paper addresses this gap by presenting a novel method for the basic design of a supra-regional district heating network and its evaluation, along with key performance indicators for assessment. The method highlights essential data requirements and the derivation process necessary to enable the integration of such a heating network. Additionally, it describes how a basic design of such a network can be made feasible and evaluated. This method is then applied to a case study to demonstrate its implementation for a real-world application. Furthermore, this case study aims to either demonstrate or provisionally disprove the general feasibility of a supra-regional district heating network. The results indicate that the implementation of such a network has a positive impact on the CO2 balance and primary energy demand. The case study further demonstrates the technical feasibility of such a network, showing that a high linear heat density can be achieved through integration and that temperature levels within the network can be maintained adequately. This study confirmed that the developed method can effectively assess whether further investigations into implementing a supra-regional district heating network in a specific region are warranted. Additionally, the method offers a guideline on how to initially design such a network.

Promising lanthanide- NaYbF4:Er3+@NaYbF4:Tm3+ micro-phosphors for highly efficient upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing

In recent years, the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR)-based technique for optical non-contact temperature measurement is of great interest to researchers due to its promising wide range of applications in high-voltage electricity fields, fires, corrosive environments, biological tissues, as well as other fields. Unfortunately, the FIR techniques based on thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) often have the problem of low sensitivity as a result of the narrow energy gap. In contrast to FIR techniques with TCLs, the FIR technique with non-thermal coupled energy levels (NTCLs) is no longer restricted by the energy gap and is expected to achieve high signal resolution. In this study, we attempted to acquire a thermometric material that possesses high sensitivity as well as high signal resolution with the help of NTCLs. We successfully prepared NaYbF4:Er3+@NaYbF4:Tm3+ core-shell microcrystals by solvothermal technique using NaYbF4 as matrix and Er3+ and Tm3+ as luminescent centers and made necessary investigations on their crystal structures, microscopic morphologies, intrinsic mechanisms, and thermometric properties. The sample phosphors in a 980 nm laser show bright upconversion (UC) luminescence with emission peaks corresponding to the characteristic energy level jumps of Er3+ as well as Tm3+, respectively. The temperature sensing characteristic parameters have been investigated by FIR techniques with TCLs (2H11/2 → 4I15/2(Er3+)/4S3/2 → 4I15/2(Er3+)) & NTCLs (3H4→3H6(Tm3+)/1G4→3H6(Tm3+),3H4→3H6(Tm3+)/2H11/2 → 4I15/2(Er3+),3H4→3H6(Tm3+)/4S3/2 → 4I15/2(Er3+) and 3H4→3H6(Tm3+)/4F9/2 → 4I15/2(Er3+)), respectively. It is shown that the maximum absolute & relative sensitivities are 0.5677 K-1(495 K) as well as 1.20 % K−1(445 K) respectively with good thermal stability. In addition, the NTCLs have good separation of the emission bands, which enables the material to have excellent signal discrimination in temperature detection. These results indicate that the material is expected to be a potential candidate for optical thermometers.

The introduction of microvascular free tissue transfer in primary burn reconstruction. Experience report of the national burn center in Chile

BackgroundSurgical debridement and split thickness graft is the most common treatment for acute burn patients that require surgery. However, there is a relevant minority that will require more complex reconstructive options. Microsurgery has evolved as a valuable tool in the acute setting allowing early closure of complex wounds in order to avoid infection, maintain function and even for limb salvage in one stage reconstruction. We present our experience in the management of severely acute burned patients with free flaps, flap survival rate and complications in Chile’s National Health service. MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of all major burn patients admitted in our unit who received a microsurgical flap in the period between april 2019 and march 2023. Data was collected on patient sex, age, mechanism of injury, total burned surface area (TBSA), location of the defect, days to reconstruction, flaps used, operatory time, flap survival and complications. ResultsIn the study period we had 925 admissions. A total of 36 patients had 42 free flaps (5,1%). All but two patients were male (95 %), mean age 46 years (range 20–––76 years). Total body surface area burned averaged 14 % (range 1–64 %). The majority of injuries were caused by high voltage electricity (59 %) and fire (33 %). 59 % compromised lower limbs and 31 % upper limbs. In 81 % of the cases anterolateral thigh flaps were used. Mean time to reconstruction was 39 days(range 1–64 days), we had 9 complications (21 %) and only one flap was lost (2,9%). DiscussionThe introduction of free flaps in the burn reconstruction field was first described in sequelae management. In the acute phase it has also proven to be safe and feasible with a surgical indication of 1,5% to 2% of the admissions in different series. In our unit, 5,1% of our admissions required it, with a low flap loss rate. The increased confidence for its use in the acutely burned setting allowed us to achieve complex coverage while maintaining surgical risk and an internationally acceptable rate of losses and complications. Free flaps cpnstitute an active approach in the classical treatment of this pathology pushing the boundaries in the local environment.

Ultrafast Metal-Free Microsupercapacitor Arrays Directly Store Instantaneous High-Voltage Electricity from Mechanical Energy Harvesters.

Harvesting renewable mechanical energy is envisioned as a promising and sustainable way for power generation. Many recent mechanical energy harvesters are able to produce instantaneous (pulsed) electricity with a high peak voltage of over 100 V. However, directly storing such irregular high-voltage pulse electricity remains a great challenge. The use of extra power management components can boost storage efficiency but increase system complexity. Here utilizing the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, high-rate metal-free micro-supercapacitor (MSC) arrays are successfully fabricated for direct high-efficiency storage of high-voltage pulse electricity. Within an area of 2.4 × 3.4cm2 on various paper substrates, large-scale MSC arrays (comprising up to 100 cells) can be printed to deliver a working voltage window of 160V at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 30V s-1. The ultrahigh rate capability enables the MSC arrays to quickly capture and efficiently store the high-voltage (≈150V) pulse electricity produced by a droplet-based electricity generator at a high efficiency of 62%, significantly higher than that (<2%) of the batteries or capacitors demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, the compact and metal-free features make these MSC arrays excellent candidates for sustainable high-performance energy storage in self-charging power systems.

GPS/Beidou fusion positioning technology for transmission line grounding line

The grounding wire plays a role in buffering high-voltage electricity in power transmission lines. However, during operation, it is difficult for personnel to obtain real-time information about the location of the grounding wire. The existing positioning technology for grounding wires in power transmission lines can prevent accidents caused by missing grounding wires or transmitting electricity through grounding wires. However, due to the vast scale of power transmission lines, there are often limited visible satellites and poor satellite signal quality, resulting in insufficient accuracy of satellite positioning and navigation. This paper first discusses the necessity of online monitoring of grounding wires in power transmission lines. Then, based on this, it introduces the positioning methods of GPS and Beidou positioning systems. Finally, it focuses on the GPS/Beidou fusion positioning technology. Through experimental verification, the GPS/Beidou fusion positioning technology is shown to greatly enhance the reliability of positioning by coordinating and complementing various navigation systems.

Perawatan Tahunan Panel Distribusi TM P50 Pada Sistem Jaringan Listrik PT.X

The electrical network system is the process of distributing electrical energy from power plants to end-users through distribution networks and substations. The distribution network's primary function is to reduce high-voltage electricity, typically from 150 kV to 20 kV, while substations further lower it to a low voltage of 220 VAC for consumer use. However, over time, supporting equipment such as panels, cables, and transformers in the electrical network system can experience a decrease in quality, with a potential decline of up to 20% over 10 years. This degradation is due to various factors, necessitating the installation of protective measures and routine or annual maintenance to prevent potential risks. To maintain equipment quality, maintenance activities include cleaning, testing protection devices, and coordination between substations and workers. These measures are essential for the efficient operation and the successful distribution of electricity. This study evaluates the reliability of equipment at substation panel P50, with test results indicating insulation resistance values of 64,500 MΩ, 73,600 MΩ, and 87,100 MΩ, as well as a delta time of 0.7 ms. The test results indicate that the equipment's reliability is still classified as good, in compliance with the Puil 2000 and IEC 62271-100 standards.

Skin Care Experience of a Case of Multiple Organ Failure Caused by High-Voltage Electrical Injury

Background: High-voltage electrical burns are caused by the direct transmission of electric current through the body and the conversion of electric energy into heat energy, which directly heats the tissues and leads to organ function damage. Especially after high-voltage electric burns (more than 1000W), it can not only cause coagulation necrosis of the skin and even carbonization, but also cause serious deep tissue damage .The degree of tissue damage depends on the type of current, the magnitude of current, the frequency, the voltage, the resistance of the tissue, the skin humidity, the duration, the contact area, and other factors. Low voltage and low frequency electric shock mainly affect the heart and respiration, which can lead to insignificant soft tissue damage. High voltage electric shock mainly causes serious soft tissue damage, which can be accompanied by changes in the circulatory system and respiratory system.[1] Subject and Method: We collected the data of a case of multiple organ failure caused by high-voltage electricity that was successfully treated in July 2023.In the course of this patient's successful treatment, The main nursing measures were analyzed: The intake and output volume were actively controlled. Albumin supplementation, Debridement and dressing change were performed daily, Covered with nano-silver ion dressing, Try to ensure a sterile environment during operation, Maintain ambient temperature and humidity. Results: Twenty days later,the skin damage caused by electric burns was reduced from 30% to 1%. Conclusion: These are very important links: The intake and output volume were actively controlled, The balance of intake and output was maintained for 24 hours, and lactic acid was less than 2mmol/L. Albumin supplementation Controlled above 30g/L, Debridement and dressing change were performed daily, Covered with nano-silver ion dressing, Try to ensure a sterile environment during operation, Maintain ambient temperature 28~30℃ and humidity 40%~50%.

Characteristics and risk factors for electrical burn injuries: a study based on World Health Organization Global Burn Registry

ObjectiveElectrical burn injuries (EBIs) represent an important subset of burn injuries, but the information on them from the global level is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and risk factors for EBIs reported to the World Health Organization Global Burn Registry. MethodsPatients with EBIs and non-EBIs were identified from the registry. Patient demographics, income of the country, setting of the injury occurred, and outcomes were described and compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with the EBIs and their outcomes. ResultsOf the 9276 patients, 814 (8.8%) were grouped as EBIs. EBIs patients had a median age of 28 years, and they were predominantly males (89.2%). EBIs were more likely to occur in lower-middle- and low-income countries (60.9% versus 43.4%) and in an occupational setting (49.1% versus 6.7%) than the non-EBIs. Older age, male, lower-income, and occupational and public setting were risk factors for EBIs. For EBIs patients, adolescents and young adults, those from low-middle and low-income countries, and those injured by high-voltage electricity were more likely to have more than 15% of the total body surface area. In addition, those from low-middle and low-income countries and those injured by high-voltage electricity were more likely to die. ConclusionThe characteristics of EBIs are significantly different from that of non-EBIs. To prevent EBIs and avoid unpleasant outcomes, particular attention should be given to adolescent boys and young adult men who are employed in electrical jobs in lower-income countries.

Characterising ecological resource utilization by the endangered Egyptian vulture in Oman to better manage and mitigate electrocution risk

Electrocution is a threat to birds and can undermine their conservation status. We tracked 15 globally endangered Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in Oman and used Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) to identify habitats important to vultures and locate places where electrocution risk is high. During daytime vultures selected rugged areas with low vegetative cover, and habitats near roads, waste disposal sites, and both high (>50 kV, large pylons) and medium voltage electricity infrastructure. At night vultures also selected rugged habitats with scarce vegetation. At night high voltage infrastructure was selected, especially in areas of relatively low ruggedness at higher elevations; medium voltage infrastructure was avoided at night. The pattern of infrastructure use suggested that vultures were using large pylons for night-time roosting, but used both large pylons and smaller poles for perching during the day. 54.2 % of 11–33 kV powerlines in the study area were within the top six habitat suitability categories, which also contained 87.3 % of 34,778 vulture daytime test locations. Retrofitting powerlines overlapping the highest suitability zones would have the largest immediate impact. Areas surrounding landfills were also important: 10.34 % of all test locations were located within 2 km of landfills, which contained only 14.5 km of 11–33 kV lines. Targeting these areas would provide high impact at low cost. These maps are particularly useful in Oman because it is a stronghold for resident endangered large birds (i.e., Egyptian vulture, lappet-faced vulture Torgos tracheliotos) and an important winter destination for endangered steppe eagles (Aquila nipalensis).

Occupational Health and Safety Risk Analysis with The Fault Tree Analysis Method

Construction projects are often the most significant contributor to workplace accidents. Many things can happen during construction activities that can cause work accidents. This research aims to identify hazards, find the highest risk that can occur, and determine the primary event using the Fault Tree Analysis Method at Abdurrahman Saleh Air Force Hospital in Malang Regency. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The questionnaire was distributed to 12 selected respondents based on recommendations from the QHSE Officer. The results of the study were physical, chemical, and psychological hazards. There are 12 low-risk category variables, nine medium-risk, and two high-risk variables. The highest risk variables occurred in the production of rebar &amp; fabrication and plastering work; workers were exposed to electric shock when cutting iron due to high voltage and falling from a height during outdoor plastering work. Basic events are lack of coordination, lack of enthusiasm, lack of motivation, lack of skills, lack of work experience, joking, lack of concentration, fatigue, rushing, lack of OHS members, limited monitoring time, messy work environment, lack of lighting, little workspace, extreme weather, slippery footing, high voltage electricity, tools/machines not functioning correctly, no warning, lack of safety equipment, limited PPE, and workers are not comfortable using PPE

A Rare Case Report of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Electrical Injury

Abstract We report a rare case of bilateral pulmonary hemorrhage with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), following high-voltage electricity exposure in a 29-year-old electric lineman while cutting an electrical wire for an uncertain duration. He was unconscious after falling from a tree following the exposure. His chest radiograph showed bilateral nonhomogeneous opacities, and high-resolution computed tomography revealed bilateral extensive ground-glass opacities, suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage with ARDS. The patient was managed conservatively with intravenous fluids and oxygen. He recovered with near-complete resolution of chest X-ray abnormalities by day 5 of admission.

Oxidative stress mediates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through ROS/JNK/P53 pathway in rats with PTSD triggered by high-voltage electrical burn.

The pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by high-voltage electrical burn (HVEB) remains unclear and the oxidative stress plays a role in this process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of oxidative stress mediates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats with PTSD triggered by HVEB. The PTSD rat model was developed by stimulating with high voltage electricity and screened using behavioral performance including Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by DHE fluorescence staining or flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was used to detect the proteins of p-JNK, JNK, P53, PUMA, Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampal tissue or HT22 cells treated with electrical stimulation. The serum MDA and 8-OHdG levels were increased (P < 0.001), while the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased (P < 0.001) significantly in patients with HVEB. Behavioral test results showed that high-voltage electric stimulation induced the PTSD-like symptoms and the ROS-JNK-P53 pathway was involved in the neuronal apoptosis in rats with PTSD induced by HVEB. In vitro experiments further confirmed the electrical stimulation induced neuronal apoptosis through ROS/JNK/P53 signaling pathway and the antioxidant NAC could rescued the ROS generation, activation of JNK/P53 proteins and improved the cell apoptosis rate in HT22 cells. Finally, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 could significantly inhibited the percentage of HT22 cell apoptosis induced by electrical stimulation (P < 0.001). These results indicated that oxidative stress mediates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through ROS/JNK/P53 pathway in rats with PTSD triggered by HVEB.

Investigation on Large-Scale Tests of Rock Fracturing by High-Voltage Electric Pulse with Voltage as a Variable

In this paper, we use an independently developed high-voltage electrical pulse (HVEP) system to implement fracturing of solid rocks. The discharge capacitance was 150 μF, and the voltage was increased from 8 to 14 kV to increase the discharge energy. The rock appears cracked at 14 kV and 150 μF. The parameters current, strain, and vibration are utilized to investigate the rock-breaking pattern of HVEP. An increase in voltage can generate a heightened destructive effect. The enhanced effects are reflected in the peaks of current, strain, and vibration. Cracks result in an acceleration of the rate of decay of the vibration curve. Also, the rate of variation of the peak strain raises. According to the spectrum analysis, HVEPs primarily generate low-frequency energy to crack rocks in the 0 to 2000 Hz range.

Characteristics of 3D Printed Biopolymers for Applications in High-Voltage Electrical Insulation.

Three-dimensional printing technology is constantly developing and has a wide range of applications; one application is electrical insulation, where the standard technology uses polymer-based filaments. Thermosetting materials (epoxy resins, liquid silicone rubbers) are broadly used as electrical insulation in high-voltage products. In power transformers, however, the main solid insulation is based on cellulosic materials (pressboard, crepe paper, wood laminates). There are a vast variety of transformer insulation components that are produced using the wet pulp molding process. This is a labor-intensive, multi-stage process that requires long drying times. In this paper, a new material, microcellulose-doped polymer, and manufacturing concept for transformer insulation components are described. Our research focuses on bio-based polymeric materials with 3D printability functionalities. A number of material formulations were tested and benchmark products were printed. Extensive electrical measurements were performed to compare transformer components manufactured using the traditional process and 3D printed samples. The results are promising but indicate that further research is still required to improve printing quality.

Atypical Case of Fractal Wood Burning: Two Burned Bodies.

Fractal wood burning is a form of pyrography that uses high-voltage electricity to burn branching, Lichtenberg-type patterns into a wooden canvas. This process often uses electrical transformers salvaged from household appliances, such as microwave ovens, to amplify available voltage to potentially lethal levels. In this case, 2 individuals were found dead inside their burned residential garage. Initially, law enforcement was suspicious of a double homicide with subsequent arson. However, postmortem examination showed the decedents had neither fatal antemortem trauma nor significant natural disease. Findings consistent with smoke inhalation were absent, suggesting that the victims were deceased before the fire. Interestingly, one decedent had jumper cables in their hand, and their recent computer activity included fractal wood burning-related content. Upon further scene investigation, 2 microwave ovens were identified in the garage, one of which had been disassembled with its transformer found adjacent to the bodies. The decedents likely died from high-voltage electrocution with ignition of the wooden canvas starting the structural fire. Since the first reported case in 2016, there have been 33 reported deaths attributed to fractal wood burning. The current study would be the first to report multiple fatalities due to a single fractal wood burning event.

Electric Field Improvement for High-Voltage Bushings

Resin-impregnated paper (RIP) bushing has gained significant interest due to its extended application in Extra High Voltage (EHV) and Ultra High Voltage (UHV) electricity transmission systems. However, the design criterion of its overall structure, the geometry parameters of the condenser layers, and stress release devices, etc., are still not fully understood. This article proposes a unique electric field optimization technique to integrate both the analytical and the numerical methods. The charge simulation method (CSM) is employed to create the overall equipotential surface, within which the finite element analysis (FEA) is adapted to study the localized field enhancement effects, taking into consideration the multi-physics coupled fields. A case study is performed on an actual UHV bushing. The results are compared to the traditional methods, to demonstrate the benefit of the hybrid method.

Insights into the Thermal Performance of Underground High Voltage Electricity Transmission Lines through Thermo-Hydraulic Modelling

In this paper, a flexible numerical framework to provide thermal performance assessment for the underground buried cables, considering different geological and meteorological conditions, has been presented. Underground cables tend to retain the heat produced in the conductor, so complex coupled thermo-hydraulic response of the porous medium surrounding the cables needs to be assessed to prevent cable overheating and the associated reduction in cable capacity for carrying current. Applying a coupled thermo-hydraulic model within the developed numerical framework to conduct a health assessment on a subset of National Grid Electricity Transmission’s underground cables, this study provides novel insights into the thermal behaviour of buried circuits. The results indicate that backfill and surrounding native soil have the dominant effect on the thermal behaviour of cables, while the amount of precipitation and ambient temperature were found to have less impact on cable’s thermal behaviour. The findings strongly infer that the nature of the overloading which is undertaken in practice would have no ongoing negative impact, suggesting that more frequent or longer duration overloading regimes could be tolerated. Overall, this study demonstrates how the developed numerical framework could be harnessed to allow safe rating adjustments of buried transmission circuits.