High Power High Tower Research Articles

Aliasing-Elimination Channel Estimation for CAS Reception

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)-dedicated cell is a Long Term Evolution (LTE) based broadcast transmission mode with both high transmission efficiency and good compatibility with LTE unicast systems. However, since the physical design of Cell Acquisition Subframe (CAS), which is the control part of an MBMS-dedicated cell transmission period, does not take into account the long delay spread channels in Medium Tower Medium Power (MTMP) and High Tower High Power (HTHP) cells, receivers would probably suffer from multipath aliasing errors in practical transmission. This paper analyzes the impact of aliasing errors on channel estimation (CHE) accuracy and proposes an Aliasing-Elimination CHE algorithm for CAS reception. In the proposed algorithm, the pre-decoded Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is reconstructed and utilized to generate a complete multipath distribution within the entire OFDM symbol length. By using this full-symbol length multipath distribution, the proposed algorithm eliminates aliasing errors effectively. Simulation results and complexity analysis show that the proposed CHE algorithm achieves a significant performance improvement compared to conventional CHE algorithms in long delay spread channels, with acceptable increment in complexity.

Layered-Division Multiplexing in 5G New -Radio for Terrestrial Broadcast Services

The 5G system can deliver simultaneouslyunicast services, multicast services and broadcast services using the conventional high-power high- tower (HPHT) infrastructure and with the same spectrum.The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTEevolved -multimedia broadcast- multicast service (eMBMS) have new features designed for Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. A broadcast service means only receive mode, only downlink no uplink or inserting a SIM card not needed. In free to air reception without a SIM card or without user device registration with the network the content can be received. This specification is standardized in release 15. In this study a two layer Layered-Division Multiplexing (LDM) is used in 5G new radio (NR).A significant performance could be analyzed in a 5G- NRMBMS by using two layer LDM system for delivering terrestrial broadcast services. The performance analysis demonstrated by computer simulations. Using two-layer LDM in 5G-NRMBMS system a high-qualityservice can be provided to both handheld and fixed devices

IP-Based Cooperative Services Using ATSC 3.0 Broadcast and Broadband

This paper presents Internet protocol (IP)-based convergence of broadcast and broadband networks using Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0–the next generation terrestrial broadcasting standard. In the broadcast network, the combination of Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Scalable High Efficiency Video Codec (SHVC) is used, enabling efficient use of spectrum when mobile and fixed services are intended in a single radio frequency (RF) channel. The proposed use case of IP-based convergence is that a service is largely consumed through the high power high tower (HPHT) based broadcast network, and then alternative streams are requested via unicast for areas where broadcast signals are not receivable. The implementation details of broadcast and broadband convergence include MPEG Media Transport (MMT)/Real-time Objective delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) description for broadcast useand Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) for broadband use. To achieve seamless convergence between broadcast and broadband, transmission and reception systems based on ATSC 3.0 are hardware-developed and their implementation details are described. The proposed IP-based convergence use case of ATSC 3.0 broadcast and broadband is verified in a real-field environment using a public cellular network.

5G New Radio for Terrestrial Broadcast: A Forward-Looking Approach for NR-MBMS

3GPP LTE eMBMS release (Rel-) 14, also referred to as further evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (FeMBMS) or enhanced TV (EnTV), is the first mobile broadband technology standard to incorporate a transmission mode designed to deliver terrestrial broadcast services from conventional high power high tower (HPHT) broadcast infrastructure. With respect to the physical layer, the main improvements in FeMBMS are the support of larger inter-site distance for single frequency networks (SFNs) and the ability to allocate 100% of a carrier's resources to the broadcast payload, with self-contained signaling in the downlink. From the system architecture perspective, a receive-only mode enables free-to-air (FTA) reception with no need for an uplink or SIM card, thus receiving content without user equipment registration with a network. These functionalities are only available in the LTE advanced pro specifications as 5G new radio (NR), standardized in 3GPP from Rel-15, has so far focused entirely on unicast. This paper outlines a physical layer design for NR-MBMS, a system derived, with minor modifications, from the 5G-NR specifications, and suitable for the transmission of linear TV and radio services in either single-cell or SFN operation. This paper evaluates the NR-MBMS proposition and compares it to LTE-based FeMBMS in terms of flexibility, performance, capacity, and coverage.

Semianalytical Approach to the PDF of SINR in HPHT and LPLT Single-Frequency Networks

Single-frequency networks (SFN) are widely adopted in terrestrial broadcast networks based on high-power high-tower (HPHT) deployments. The mobile broadcasting standard Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) has been enhanced in Release 14 to enable SFN operation with larger CP duration which may allow for the deployment of large area SFNs and even the combined operation between HPHT and low-power low-tower (LPLT) cellular stations. The knowledge of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distribution over an SFN area may facilitate the selection of transmission parameters according to the network topology. This paper presents a semianalytical method for the calculation of the SINR distribution in SFNs with low computational complexity compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The method, which builds on previous work developed for cellular communications, is applied to HPHT+LPLT SFNs and evaluated against different transmission and network parameters.

On the Coverage and Cost of HPHT Versus LPLT Networks for Rooftop, Portable, and Mobile Broadcast Services Delivery

The discussion around different network architectures, namely high power/high tower (HPHT) versus low power/low tower (LTLP) is currently a hot topic in different international fora. This paper presents the results of a study to compare coverage, number of sites, and network deployment/maintenance costs associated to three different network configurations (HPHT only, LTLP only, and mixed HPHT + LTLP) for rooftop, mobile, and portable indoor/outdoor digital terrestrial television service delivery. The analysis has been based on a practical network planning scenario. The results have been obtained with coverage simulations in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain currently served with 64 transmitters of a traditional broadcast network. The results conclude that a LPLT network would require 3.3 more centers for providing the same coverage as the current HPHT network at a cost three times higher. Also, it has been observed that the current HPHT network fails to give portable and mobile coverage numbers close to real-service targets in urban areas. In those cases, the approach with lower number of sites and cost is a mixed HPHT + LTLP network, where a set of LPLT transmitters complement the coverage provided by the HPHT network.

Video Over LTE: Exploring Efficiency in Distribution

Interest in LTE Broadcast technology is increasing rapidly. With consumer desire for Anywhere at an all-time high, more and more leading mobile operators are trialling the LTE Broadcast technology within their networks to start identifying different use-cases and scenarios globally to explore its business potential. Broadcasting is efficient usually if more than one user is receiving from one transmitter. Roof top reception enables a wide reach from High-Power High Tower (HPHT) transmitters, so that broadcasting is efficient for popular TV programs, particularly if transmitters operate in Single Frequency Network (SFN) mode. LTE, including LTE Broadcast, is currently designed to operate on Low Power Low Tower (LPLT) networks. This paper discusses the spectral efficiency and flexibility of LTE Broadcast, which is only efficient when several devices receive the same content stream. Unicast is much more efficient for less popular, so called long-tail content. At times when there is only low interest in a certain part of the network, the infrastructure can stop the broadcast and use the resources for unicast content delivery and use the spare resources for mobile broadband (MBB). Furthermore, the implications of differences in replacement cycles of fixed TV receivers and mobile devices are discussed. A signal adapted to the high radio signal quality of roof-top antennas should be used for the legacy technologies supporting fixed receivers, whereas a signal adapted to the low radio signal quality typical for mobile reception is required. Thus, it is essential to use the most efficient technologies soon after ratification of the standards. Finally, we outline a potential use of existing roof-top antenna installations for LTE modems that can be used for TV distribution and beyond.