High-temperature Oxidation Method Research Articles

Nanopore structures and controlling factors of the Early Cambrian shale reservoir in the Middle Yangtze Platform, South China

At present, the characteristics and controlling factors of nanopore structure in shale reservoirs are still not well understood owing to the concurrence of both organic matter (OM) and inorganic mineral (IM) pores. This issue is more prominent for the Early Cambrian shale in South China owing to the greatly variable nanopore structures of the samples from different areas. In this study, a set of Early Cambrian shale samples was taken from an exploration well in the Middle Yangtze Platform, a newly-determined shale gas play with a great potential outside the Sichuan Basin, their OM-removed (OMR) samples were obtained by a high-temperature oxidation method, and the pore structures of the bulk shales and their OMR-samples were analyzed by low-pressure gas adsorption experiments. The OM nanopore structure parameters of shale were calculated, and the controlling factors of OM and IM nanopores in the shale were investigated. The results show that the shale nanopores are mainly mesopores, their OM nanopores, especially OM micropores, are obviously more developmental compared with the IM nanopores. The TOC content is the dominant influencing factor of the shale nanopores. The brittle minerals support the formation of interparticle pores, and provide protection to OM pores. The clay minerals provide a certain amount of nanopores, but the strong compaction result in rich micropores. The carbonate minerals decrease the shale nanopores owing to the strong cementation. The favorable area of shale gas in the Early Cambrian strata in the studied area was predicted by the TOC content and preservation conditions.

Application and Development of Nano Material Technology in Archives Protection Technology

My country’s archive protection technology has a long history, with a history of more than a thousand years. My country has a wide range of research on archive protection technology. The related research from historical and technical perspectives is very rich, and the advantages and disadvantages of previous archive protection technologies are integrated. Analysis and research on protection technologies that can be inherited and developed are still blank. At the same time, there are increasingly researches on nanomaterial technology. Based on this, this paper studies the application and development of nanomaterials in archive protection technology based on the unique properties of nanomaterials, and provides a reference for solving people's needs in the archive protection field, avoiding a lot of waste of manpower and material resources. In this paper, ZnO nanostructures with various morphologies were prepared by hydrothermal method and high temperature oxidation method. At the same time, ZnO nanomaterials and archive protection technology were combined to prepare nano-three-dimensional flower-like ZnO structure super-hydrophobic films. It shows that the application potential of nanomaterial technology in the field of archives protection is large, and it can be attached to the surface of archives to achieve antibacterial effect, and it can be better used in future archives protection work.

Anticorrosive protection of the steam generator of the heat exchanger by the high-temperature oxidation method

The paper proposes a method of protection of steam generator tube systems from hot-salt corrosion that occurs during their operation. This method is based on heat oxidation, in which an anticorrosion oxide film of TiO2 type is formed on the surface of the tubes.

Functionalization of carbon fiber electrode by high temperature oxidation and its electrocatalytic behaviors

Here, a new functionalized carbon fiber electrode (CFE) was prepared by high-temperature oxidation method. The surface structure and properties of the heat-treated CFEs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), IR spectroscopy and electrochemical method. The results showed that a porous structure was formed on the surface of carbon fiber by the heat-treatment, which contributed to the increased surface area and positive charge of CFE. In addition, the exposure of a fresh carbon surface made the CFE show the improved electrochemical activity. Therefore, the functionalized CFE is favorable for the access of negatively charged electroactive molecule to the fresh CFE surface and the subsequent electron-transfer reaction between electroacitive species and CFE. The proposed method for functionalizing CFE surface is simple, convenient and cost-saving.

Optimization of energy consumption in coating removal for recycling scrap coated cemented carbide tools using hybrid laser-waterjet

In order to purified recovery of scrap cemented carbide, stripping of coatings was mandatory as engineering tools for improving service life were almost modified with anti-wear coatings. However, the low efficiency of current coating removal technologies leaded to the overmuch energy consumption, it was of great importance to achieve energy conservation to relieve the environment impact because of sustainable development. Reducing the energy consumption during processing could significantly improve the environmental performance of manufacturing systems. According to the energy consumption characteristics of hybrid laser-waterjet machine, a multi-objective optimization model for energy prediction with key parameters under actual constraints is constructed to trade off two responses: the cutting specific energy consumption (CSEC) and the processing time, which is transformed into a single-objective model and then solved by genetic algorithm. Simultaneously, the orthogonal experiment is proposed to identify the parametric influence on the multi-objective optimization and to validate the feasibility of the proposed model with the comparisons between single-objective and multi-objective optimization. Finally, the comparisons about energy consumption, carbon emission and the mechanical properties between high temperature oxidation method and hybrid laser-waterjet technology are carried out. The results indicate that larger feed speed and larger laser offset distance can benefit the energy conservation due to the shortened processing time. The multi-objective optimization model realizes about 80% of energy conservation compared to minimum CSEC, and 40% of which compared to minimum processing time. Contrasted to the energy conservation and substrate quality after processing, the hybrid laser-waterjet technology is much better than the high-temperature oxidation method.

Study on room temperature gas-sensing performance of CuO film-decorated ordered porous ZnO composite by In2O3 sensitization.

For the first time, ordered mesoporous ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by a template method. The electroplating after chemical plating method was creatively used to form copper film on the surface of the prepared ZnO, and then a CuO film-decorated ordered porous ZnO composite (CuO/ZnO) was obtained by a high-temperature oxidation method. In2O3 was loaded into the prepared CuO film–ZnO by an ultrasonic-assisted method to sensitize the room temperature gas-sensing performance of the prepared CuO/ZnO materials. The doped In2O3 could effectively improve the gas-sensing properties of the prepared materials to nitrogen oxides (NOx) at room temperature. The 1% In2O3 doped CuO/ZnO sample (1 wt% In2O3–CuO/ZnO) showed the best gas-sensing properties whose response to 100 ppm NOx reached 82%, and the detectable minimum concentration reached 1 ppm at room temperature. The prepared materials had a good selectivity, better response, very low detection limit, and high sensitivity to NOx gas at room temperature, which would have a great development space in the gas sensor field and a great research value.

Preparation and performance of ZnO nanowires modified carbon fibers reinforced NiFe2O4 ceramic matrix composite

The surface of carbon fibers was modified by ZnO nanowires using the liquid growth method. NiFe2O4 ceramic matrix composites reinforced by the modified carbon fibers were prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method at 1300°C for 5h in N2 atmosphere. The influences of modified carbon fibers on the mechanical performances of NiFe2O4 composites were investigated. The crystal structure of modified carbon fibers and the morphology of modified carbon fibers surface and the NiFe2O4 composites fracture cross-section were observed by meaning of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The results showed that hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanowires array grew from the surface of carbon fibers vertically, with nanowires diameters ranging from 170nm to 380nm and lengths up to 2.8μm. Unlike existing chemical modification and high temperature oxidation method, the liquid growth allowed morphology control and maintained the single fiber tensile strength substantially unchanged under certain growth procedures. Compared to pure NiFe2O4 ceramic and bare carbon fibers reinforced NiFe2O4 composite, the bending strength of NiFe2O4 composite reinforced with ZnO nanowires surface modified carbon fibers was shown to increase by up to 70% and 45%, respectively. The development of an interphase offering control over the morphology will provide a means to produce multifunctional composites.

A Home-Made Automatic Analyzer to Determine the Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seawater

A home-made automatic analyzer to determine the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seawater was introduced in this paper. This analyzer was based on ultraviolet-potassium persulphate oxidation method. The analyzer has 7 parts, including sampling, purging of inorganic carbon, enter sample, oxidation, cooling, apart of gas/liquid and analysis of CO2. The program was compiled by programming language of Visual Basic as the control system. All of the action of the analyzer is auto controlled. Different samples are separated by worked air and Milli-Q water and enter the system using six-way valve. With the catalysis of ultraviolet radiation, the organic matter in samples can be oxidated to CO2quantitatively by K2SO2O8and analyzed by non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detector latter. The results showed that the oxidation efficiency, as well as the detect limit and the veracity are satisfying. The home-made analyzer was compared with the high temperature oxidation method, and the results showed that the two methods have little difference. The cost of the instrument is cheaper, and need not expensive catalyst, so the DOC in seawater can be analyzed with much lower prices.

Measuring Diesel Ash Emissions and Estimating Lube Oil Consumption Using a High Temperature Oxidation Method

Measuring Diesel Ash Emissions and Estimating Lube Oil Consumption Using a High Temperature Oxidation Method

Synthesis of Titanate Nanorods by High-Temperature Oxidation

A high-temperature oxidation method to obtain titanate nanorods has been reported. Annealing NaOH coated Ti metal chips at 800 °C in the presence of oxygen and water vapor produced novel tabular titanate nanorods. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectrum were applied to characterize the obtained products. The titanate nanorods have a well-crystallized layered structure with a general formula NaxH2-xTi3O7 (x ≈ 0.75). High-temperature NaOH flux and water vapor were found to play important roles in the growth of uniformly sized titanate nanorods. A possible growth mechanism was proposed to understand the formation of the titanate nanorods.

Total dissolved nitrogen analysis: comparisons between the persulfate, UV and high temperature oxidation methods

We compared the persulfate (PO), ultraviolet (UV), and high temperature oxidation (HTO) methods used to analyze total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations in aquatic samples to determine whether the three methods differed in terms of standard parameters (blanks, limits of detection and linearity, and precision) or in oxidation efficiency of standard compounds and field samples of varying salinity. The TDN concentrations of several N-containing standard compounds, as well as a humic mixture and a suite of field samples collected from the Sargasso Sea, Chesapeake Bay and an aquaculture pond were determined with the three methods. The PO method had the highest percent recoveries for the range of labile and refractory standard compounds tested (93±13). The HTO method yielded recoveries of 87±14; recoveries increased to 91±10 under optimized conditions. The standard UV method, with 30% H2O2 as the oxidant, was found to be highly variable, producing the lowest percent recoveries (71±21); the oxidation efficiency of the UV method increased substantially in subsequent trials (91±12), when the PO reagent was used in place of H2O2. In the field sample comparison, the PO, UV with PO reagent, and HTO method produced similar results (slopes of the Model II regression lines comparing them ranged from 1.00 to 1.05 with r2≥0.99). The standard UV method, however, produced concentrations 5% to 40% lower than the other methods. Analysis of the spectra emitted by the UV lamp used in this study suggests that variations in the UV spectra reaching the sample may have caused the reduced efficiencies. The poor recovery of some standard compounds with each of the methods suggests that concentrations of TDN, and subsequently DON, measured in the field with any of the methods will likely be underestimated to some degree depending on the composition of the TDN pool at that time. With careful attention to detail, however, the PO and HTO methods can provide reproducible results consistent with each other. The standard UV method, however, was found to be highly unpredictable in practice.

A dry oxidation method for the analysis of the TOC in seawater

A high-temperature oxidation method is described for the accurate and precise determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) in seawater. Problems of contamination in sample storage, preparation, and oxidation which are evident in previous dry oxidation methods have been controlled. The TOC results from different areas are determined and compared directly with the results obtained on duplicate samples with the persulfate oxidation method. Significantly higher TOC values (15–20%) are obtained with the dry oxidation procedure, but the relative difference in the methods is relatively constant over depth and geographic areas. A high correlation between the methods was obtained. For accurate results, the dry method is recommended but conclusions based on profiles of TOC determined by either method should be similar if the proper precautions in analysis are followed.