High-tech Intervention Research Articles

The cross-contextual communication of biopower: From the angle of the prevalence of dietary supplements in Chinese society

Dietary Supplements (DS), rooted in Western medicine's microscopic agent, have permeated Chinese society from the late Guangxu period to the present. From domestic inception to global proliferation of the DS, conceals its commercial attributes behind the facade of a Eurocentric health concept, specifically the "add-on" theory of surplus health. Rooted in Western medicine discourse, this concept has been contextually transferred and has succeeded in infiltrating Chinese society, which represents a choice to exploit indigenous knowledge for the commercialization of medical culture. Foucault's insights in The Birth of Clinic reveal how classical medicine gave way to clinical medicine, elucidating the convergence of "science" and "power" that governs modern societies. Accordingly, DS, as well as addressing the consequences of this high-tech intervention pose critical questions about biopower. Its infusion into Chinese society, driven by social and economic factors, may lead to uncertain biological efficacy of DS when used as a public good, and the potential for intergenerational epigenetic shifts. However, all of those uncertainties, combined with the absence of research tailored to diverse ethnic groups and personalized intake programs are often going unnoticed by the general public while DS has gained popularity as both a cultural and commercial product.

Гигантоклеточная опухоль основания черепа: редкое клиническое наблюдение

Giant cell tumor (osteoblastoclastoma) is a benign tumor process that is prone to malignancy and can damage various parts of the bone skeleton. The article presents a clinical observation with a rare localization of osteoblastoclastoma in the region of the base of the skull. A high-tech intervention was applied - endoscopic transnasal microsurgical removal of the tumor of the upper clivus with plastic surgery of the skull base defect with an autograft

PECS vs. iPad Intervention for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, behaviour and socialization of the individuals diagnosed with ASD. In children, ASD is considered as a high incidence disability since it affects one in eight children. In regard to functional communication skills of the children, effective augmentative or alternative communication process and device is highly important to facilitate positive outcomes. Both Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and the iPad with its communication applications are considered emerging treatment children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of this literature review is to compare the effectiveness of low tech intervention (through the utilization of PECS) and high tech intervention (through the utisation of iPad). The study was conducted by selecting electronic articles from several databases which were published between 2008-2018. The findings show that PECS is highly effective for increasing intentional communication skills and independence in requesting and making decisions as well as beneficial for non-English speakers. Meanwhile, iPad-based intervention is beneficial to solve children’s literacy problems, to reduce stressors during interventions, and to increase the children’s effective intra-verbal responses. It is then suggested that teachers, parents and care givers employ the combination of both low tech and high tech interventions as combining the two will lead to better outcomes.

A pilot community-based randomized comparison of speech generating devices and the picture exchange communication system for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

A pilot community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to a teaching sequence using a high-tech Speech Generating Device (SGD) to teach social communication behaviors. The two approaches were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the newer, more high-tech intervention using technology to improve social and communicative behavior of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total of 35 school-age children were randomized to either a high-tech (SGD device) or low-tech (PECS cards) form of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Study participants received 4 months of communication training delivered in their classrooms, and the primary outcome measures of the trial were several functional communication skills emphasized in the PECS teaching sequence. Results indicated that both high-tech and low-tech AAC approaches resulted in significant improvements in communication, and that these improvements did not differ significantly between the two approaches. These findings support the use of high-tech AAC, and highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines for its use as well as evaluation with individuals with a range impairments and disabilities. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1701-1711. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study compared the effectiveness of a free and open-source app for teaching social and communicative behavior to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to traditional picture card approaches. Thirty-five children with ASD were randomized to a picture card or app-based intervention and both treatment approaches resulted in significant improvements in social and communicative behavior. These data indicated that both "high-tech" and "low-tech" interventions were effective for improving behavior and that there was not a significant difference between the two approaches.

The Post-Operative Complications as an Evaluation Indicator of Efficiency of Functioning of Three-Level System of Medical Care Support According to Urology Profile in the Voronezh Oblast

In the Voronezh Oblast, the modernization of system of medical care support of patients with urological pathology was implemented with the purpose of increasing efficiency of the urological service functioning. This action affected all levels: early active detection of urological pathology, standardization of examination and treatment, routing of patients, strict control by way of monthly reports of medical institutions of the Oblast at the level of hospital and out-patient services, supervisory visits of specialists to districts and efficient control on part of the Oblast Chief Out-of-Staff Urologist. In the course of study it is established that key indices characterizing efficiency of functioning of the regional system of urological care of population are admitted the levels of unreasonably prolonged conservative treatment and also reasonably application of low invasive and high-tech intervention, implementation of standardization of the curative diagnostic process, rate of post-operative complications, level of economic costs of diagnostic and treatment, level of medical competence of personnel and degree of early detection of urological pathology that is validated by statistically reliable positive effect at the expense of their adjustment. The detection of advanced forms of diseases results in increased disability, increased economic costs per each patient in need of several operative interventions and highly qualified care. The number of post-operative complications is considered as an indicator of timeliness and adequacy of provided medical care to patients. The article presents an analysis of efficiency of the three-level system of medical care support according indicator of post-operative complications.

Words, Ideas and Ideology in the Shifting Sand of Markets

The transformation of existing knowledge or production of new knowledge is the focus of this article. This theme is explored using women’s health, actions and perceptions, and their interpretations—within a public health perspective—as these evolve around the currently most talked about high-tech obstetric intervention—the practice of surrogacy. The interpretations of words such as production, reproduction, labour and work are central to the present understanding of surrogacy in different societies. At a point in time when social sciences are striving to understand complexities, interconnections and praxis, this article offers a possibility of judicious use of technology and a glimpse, however brief, of man’s natural essence—humanness—the cementing factor in the alternate structure of society waiting to overcome the present conflict between the global hegemonic and democratic forces. The article argues that in contemporary India, the sections where surrogates come from see surrogacy in different ways, and that has to be the starting point for analysis but not the end. Indian law-makers take advantage of this confusion about the nature of surrogacy. It buries the non-exploitative potential of procreation under the ‘compensation for agreeing’ to be a surrogate, denies her rights and undermines the value of gestational motherhood as compared to genetic identity—thus, killing several birds with one stone!

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Purpose. To optimize the results of treating the elbow severe injuries and their consequences, as well as the elbow diseases in young patients, to evaluate the immediate and mid-term results of the elbow arthroplasty in young patients. Materials and Methods. We have analyzed the results of 52 surgeries of primary total arthroplasty of the elbow in patients at the age below 40 years. We used the implants by Endoservice (Russia) and those Coonrad-Morrey by Zimmer (USA). The main indications for the elbow arthroplasty in young age developed. The technique of surgery and postoperative rehabilitation described. We evaluated the results according to ASES system (Richards R.R. et al., 1994). Results. The results of treatment analyzed within 1-10 years after surgery. Good and excellent results obtained in 78.8% of all treated patients; satisfactory ones registered in 15.4% of all treated patients. Unsatisfactory results of arthroplasty occurred in 5.8% of the total number of operated patients. Conclusion. The elbow arthroplasty in young patients is a high-tech surgical intervention which is a traditionally used alternative, and in some cases it is the method of choice for treatment of some severe injuries and diseases of the elbow. It should be performed in the extreme and severe cases when the limit of other familiar techniques reached.

Geoengineering as global climate change policy

The use of hydrocarbon-based energy systems is deeply embedded in the contemporary global capitalist world system. Billions of individuals always are already engaged in an on-going, essentially unplanned, and still uncontrolled (with regard to the negative impact of burning fossil on the global climate) collective experiment in the growing use of these sources of energy. The unanticipated, and yet still long observed, tendency for this energy system, to coincide with atmospheric global warming and other severe climate problems is becoming one of the most interesting developments of the early twenty-first century. In the absence of more effective, comprehensive, and bold efforts to prevent global climate change in a truly sustained manner, many communities around the world, ranging from the smallest localities, city governments, regional authorities, and even nation states are acknowledging that global climate change is a real problem. Yet, there is no consensus about how to mitigate and manage its effects. This study considers to what degree formal geoengineering is being treated as a workable approach to managing climate change. It explores an elaborate discourse trying to judge which high tech intervention might be more likely to succeed at averting, postponing, or merely managing the more destructive implications of climate change. Hence, the article advances a critique of such schemas as something like a ‘miracle cure’ for global warming.

Will Birth Attendants Need to Promote High-Tech Intervention to Afford Malpractice Insurance?

Will Birth Attendants Need to Promote High-Tech Intervention to Afford Malpractice Insurance?