High-strength Fibers Research Articles

Design and evaluation of inflatable wings as a secondary wing during mid-flight emergencies

Inflatable wings have been demonstrated in many applications over the past five decades, including aircraft, UAVs, airships, and missile stabilization surfaces. Recent advancements in high strength fibers and rigidisable materials have enabled higher performance designs for modern application. This paper presents the methodology applied to optimally design an inflatable wing suitable to act as a secondary wing in case of mid-flight emergencies, with the help of widely known software, namely, Glenn research center by NASA. In this study, the application and efficiency of inflatables as an emergency wing in different aircrafts is successfully explored. Under the student foil interactive, the various design parameters of both airfoil and ellipse have also been explored to derive the benefits. By considering an ideal case where the camber would be zero, the analysis of the relationship between the angle of attack, thickness and lift to drag ratio have been closely observed and noted. In the further parts of this paper we will come to a conclusion about what parameters will be fit for an inflatable to behave as an emergency wing.

Shear behaviour of deep beams strengthened with high-strength fiber reinforced concrete jackets

The study addresses the pressing need for effective strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members, specifically focusing on shear-critical deep beams. One of the most effective methods for strengthening RC members is the fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) jackets. However, limited number of studies have been conducted on deep beams strengthened with FRC. To address this gap, this paper presents an experimental investigation for strengthening of shear-critical deep beams using high-strength fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) jackets. The experimental program involves testing three large-scale deep beams, including a reference specimen and two strengthened beams with thin HFRC jackets of different thicknesses (34 mm and 26 mm). The HFRC jackets featured straight steel fibers with a volumetric ratio of 1.13 %. According to the experimental results and analysis, it is found that an HFRC jacket of 34 mm thickness upgraded the strength by around 25 % and enhanced the crack control by reducing crack widths by around 50 % at the same absolute load with respect to the reference specimen. From the measured deformed shapes of the compression zone of the specimens, it is concluded that the main principles of the two-parameter kinematic theory of deep beams remain valid for HFRC-strengthened members, and these principles can be used to establish a complete modelling approach for such members.

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete having high strength and recycled tire steel wire fibers

The mechanical and microstructural properties of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RAGC) that contains high-strength steel wire fibers (HSWF), recycled tire steel fibers (RTF), or a mix of the two as hybrid fibers are investigated in this study. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the study examines microstructure, flexural toughness, compressive strength, and stress–strain response. By volume, metallic fiber additions ranged from 0.5 % to 1.5 %. Results showed that the HSWF1.5 mix achieved the highest mechanical strength of 56.27 MPa at 28 days, a 16.18 % increase over the mix having no fibers i.e., the Control mix. Toughness increased by 59 % in the mix with 1.5 % hybrid fibers i.e., HF1.5 mix, underscoring the significant durability enhancement from fibers.

COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES – A REVIEW

This article presents a study of the use of composite materials in strengthening building structures. Materials consisting of two or more components or phases are called composite. Now modern composite materials open up new opportunities for design in all areas of production. The construction industry is no exception. Laminates, canvases, nets, rebars and ropes made of high-strength fibers of various origins are among the most widely used in construction at the moment. The main components of any composite are high-strength fibers that absorb the load, and a stabilizing matrix that serves to transfer forces to the fibers. The following types of high-strength fibers are used in composites: glass fibers, carbon fibers, organic fibers, silicon-carbon, aluminum-silicon fibers, and others. With the help of composite reinforcement, it is possible to effectively strengthen normal and inclined sections of reinforced concrete structures.

Performance Research and Engineering Application of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete.

Low strength and low impact toughness are two of the main issues affecting the use of lightweight aggregate concrete in harsh cold environments. In this study, the strength of concrete was improved by adding high-strength fibers to bear tensile stress and organize crack propagation. Four sets of comparative experiments were designed with freeze-thaw cycles of 0, 50, 100, and 150 to study the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete under freeze-thaw conditions. A detailed study was conducted on the effects of freeze-thaw on the compressive strength, flexural strength, impact toughness, and microstructure of concrete with different fiber contents (3, 6, and 9 kg/m3). The results show that for ordinary lightweight aggregate concrete, under the freeze-thaw cycle, the internal pore water of the concrete froze and generated expansion stress, resulting in tensile cracks inside the concrete. The cracks gradually accumulated and expanded, ultimately leading to cracking and damage of concrete structures. After 150 cycles, the strength loss rate exceeded 25%. When adding a reasonable amount of fiber (6 kg/m3), the fiber took on the tensile stress and hindered the development of internal cracks, significantly enhancing the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact toughness of lightweight aggregate concrete. And the failure pattern of concrete was significantly improved. At the beginning of the freeze-thaw cycle, the internal tensile stress was less than the fiber tensile strength and the fiber-matrix bonding strength, and the strength reduction rate of the concrete was slow. Relying on the friction absorption capacity between the fiber and the matrix, the fiber used its own deformation to resist the tensile stress. In the late stage of the freeze-thaw cycle, due to the destruction of the fiber-matrix transition zone structure, the bond strength decreased, the crack resistance and toughening effect decreased, and the strength of the concrete decreased rapidly. Moreover, the reduction in impact toughness was greater than the compressive strength and flexural strength under static load.

Twinning and 9R Phase Transition Mediated Extraordinary Cold-drawn Deformability in NiCoCrFeMo High-Entropy Alloy.

The production and application of materials are evolving towards the low-dimensional micro-nano scale. Nevertheless, the fabrication of micron-scale alloy fibers remains a challenge. Herein, a novel Ni-Co-Cr-Fe-Mo high-entropy alloy (HEA) fiber with a cold-drawn reduction rate of 99.9995% and a strain (ɛ) of 12.19 is presented without requiring intermediate annealing. The exceptional deformation strain of 11.62 within the fiber leads to extraordinary tensile strengths of 2.8GPa at room temperature and 3.6GPa at 123K. The in-depth investigation of the microstructure of fibers has revealed the cold drawing deformation mechanisms mediated by the synergistic effects of plane defects. Specifically, various geometrically necessary dislocation interfaces, such as dislocation walls and microbands, along with deformation twins and long-period 9R structures, form in response to external stress when ɛ≤2.7. As the strain increases, the saturated layered structure emerges and progressively evolves into a 3D equiaxed crystal. Moreover, the formation and evolution of the 9R structure (i.e., the migration of incoherent twin boundaries), coupled with the interaction of partial dislocations and the role of deformation twins, are crucial factors determining the fiber's plastic response. This work provides a novel approach to discovering new high-strength metallic fibers with excellent deformability through plane defects engineering.

Supercritical N2 induced sandwich type lightweight and strong PP/CF foams with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties

The tremendous advances in communication technology and the explosion of electronic products led to an intensification of electromagnetic pollution, yet the efficient development of lightweight, high-strength fiber composite foams with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties was still a great challenge. Herein, this study, inspired by the sandwich structure, proposes a green foaming method with supercritical N2 to prepare a multilayered structure of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/CF) foams, with a dense cellular structure in the core layer and a solid layer in the surface layer. The incorporation of CF improves the crystallization and rheological behavior of PP/CF, which guarantees a fine, dense and uniform cellular structure. This inner fine cellular structure and the solid layer on the surface contribute to the excellent mechanical properties. PP/30 %CF foam with a 1 mm mold opening distance displays an enhancement of 189.9 % in tensile strength and 196.3 % in flexural strength compared to pure PP. This also indicates more lightweight, high-strength and high-rigidity microcellular parts was obtained with less raw materials. Moreover, the formation of CF conductive network and internal foam structure contribute to excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. The PP/CF composite foams maintain a level of EMI shielding performance greater than 30 dB despite the higher mold opening distance. Specifically, the PP/30 %CF foams at opening distance of 5 mm was enhanced to 58.3 dB·cm3/g with an improvement of 76.7 %. This implies that lightweight microcellular parts with both excellent strength and EMI shielding properties can be prepared, which enables PP/CF foams to possess a wide range of applications in various fields.

Agave schidigera Transcriptome Reveals Stress-Responsive Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Genes in Agave

Agave is a significant fiber crop in tropical regions, known for its high fiber strength. Lignin is closely associated with fiber strength, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) serves as the initial enzyme in biosynthesis of lignin. Hence, it is of considerable significance to study the genes of PAL family to analyze the characteristics and mechanism of sisal fiber development. In this research, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of Agave schidigera, a widely recognized ornamental plant in agave. Approximately 29.85 million clean reads were acquired through Illumina sequencing. In total, 116,602 transcripts including 72,160 unigenes were assembled, and 22.06~63.56% of those unigenes were annotated in public databases. Two, six, six and six PAL genes were successfully identified and cloned from A. schidigera, A. deserti, A. tequilana and A. H11648, respectively. After phylogenetic analysis, these genes were clustered into two branches. Genes AhPLA2a and AhPLA2c exhibited higher expression levels compared to other genes but had different expression patterns. Moreover, AhPLA2a and AhPLA2c were expressed at high levels under full-nutrient, nitrogen-free and phosphorus-free stresses. Most PAL genes were induced by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda, especially AhPAL1a, AhPAL1b, AhPAL2b and AhPAL2c. This research is the first work to present a de novo transcriptome dataset for A. schidigera, enriching its bioinformation of transcripts. The cloned PAL genes and the expression analyses will form the basis of future research on lignin biosynthesis, the relationship between lignin and fiber strength, and stress resistance in Agave species.

Study of FRP on Preloaded Beam as A Method of Retrofitting - A Review

Over the past two decades, fiber-reinforced polymers have gained prominence in structural engineering due to their unique properties, offering an alternative to traditional materials like steel and concrete. FRPs consist of high-strength fibers embedded in a polymer matrix, resulting in superior strength-to-weight ratios, excellent corrosion resistance, and fatigue durability. These materials are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and infrastructure applications. Key types of FRPs include carbon fiber reinforced polymer, glass fiber reinforced polymer, aramid fiber reinforced polymer, and basalt fiber reinforced polymer, each offering specific advantages. CFRP is recognized for its high tensile strength, while GFRP is widely chosen for its affordability and adequate performance in less demanding structural applications. This review paper focuses on retrofitting predamaged reinforced concrete beams using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and glass fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. It examines how preloading, fiber material, and fiber arrangement affect the structural performance of these beams, particularly in terms of flexural strength, ductility, stiffness, and failure mechanisms. Going through several papers the studies showed that CFRP and GFRP significantly enhance load-bearing capacity, energy absorption, and delay failure due to deboning. Key factors such as preload levels and fiber configuration were compared by go thronging several paper. The paper highlights real-world applications, where CFRP is commonly used in bridge rehabilitation and GFRP is favored for less demanding tasks, such as retrofitting low-rise building beams, both playing a critical role in extending the service life of structures while reducing costs.

Investigation of Titanium Nitride as an Effective Interphase for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide Ceramic Matrix Composites.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have played a significant role in increasing the efficiency of gas turbine engines. CMCs combine the high temperature resistance of ceramics with the high mechanical strength of ceramic fibers into a single unit. Interphase layers are a crucial component in CMCs, as they prevent ceramic fibers from oxidation and introduce strengthening mechanisms into the composite. Hexagonal boron nitride and pyrolytic carbon are the most commonly used interphase layers in the aerospace industry. Other than that, very few materials have been evaluated as interphase layers. In this study, we explore the possibilities of using titanium nitride as an interphase layer in single-tow CMCs (mini composite) representative of a unidirectional composite at a smaller scale. T-300 carbon fibers were coated with TiN by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor infiltration using TiCl4, N2, and H2. The deposition temperature, precursor flow rate ratio, total precursor flow rate, and deposition time were optimized to obtain high-quality coatings. The best coating was produced at 800 °C, 4:1 H2 [TiCl4]/N2 ratio, 125 standard cubic centimeters per minute (N2 + H2 [TiCl4]) total flow precursor flow rate, and 2 h of deposition time. At these conditions, the coatings displayed good fiber coverage, good fiber adhesion, minimum fiber linkage, and minimum surface roughness. There was minimum fiber degradation after TiN coating, with a retention of 95% of the initial Young's modulus and 26% of the ultimate tensile strength of the carbon fiber. Adding the TiN interphase coating to the Cf/SiC CMC increased the ultimate tensile strength of the composite by 1122% and Young's modulus by 150%.

Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Subjected to Double Curvature Buckling Moment

This paper investigates experimentally and numerically structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) circular column under double curvature buckling moment. RC circular columns are popularity embraced in RC structures not only owing to its esthetic, attractive appearance and easy for construction, but also for its better contribution for stress resistance. However, the corner or edge columns may be exposed to edge moment (EM) transferred from beam–column joint with double curvature effect. The current investigation proposes to understand the structural exhibition of such columns subjected to double curvature buckling edge moment generated at beam–column joint considering some parameters. A total number of 11 full-scale RC circular columns were constructed, installed, and then tested up to failure studying four parameters. These parameters were: clear height-to-diameter ratio (λ), longitudinal and lateral steel ratios (μ and ρ, respectively) and concrete type. The λ ratio has been introduced with: 4.89, 4.51 and 4.14. The μ ratio has been presented by: 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.6%, and 3.1%, while the ρ ratio was employed with: 0.84%, 0.93%, 1.00% and 1.18%. Three concrete types were studied; one of them was normal concrete (NC), while the other ones were high-performance concretes (HPCs) which were engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and high-strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC). Experimental outcomes revealed that all studied parameters could affect and upgrade the structural performance; however, both longitudinal reinforcement and height-to-diameter ratio provided significant enhancement (about 51%–64%). Parallel to those exploited experimentally, nonlinear three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) were installed, executed and established considering experimental outcomes producing an acceptable model with an under/over-estimation of about 4%.

Enhancing load capacity of reinforced concrete columns using high strength concrete and fiber reinforcement

Strengthening of structural elements is sometimes necessary for architectural purposes to withstand additional loads without cross-section enlargement. This study evaluates the structural performance of reinforced concrete columns toughened using high-strength concrete, steel fiber concrete of 1% volume fraction, and near-surface mounted NSM steel or carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP bars. Five columns of 0.15×0.15×1 m were cast and axially loaded till failure. The investigational consequences revealed that a load-carrying capacity and stiffness augmented by 55.1 and 91.1% when the compressive strength is 1.5 times the normal with a ductility decrease of 28.2% whereas steel fiber concrete raised them by 34.3, 6.4, and 11.6%. In addition, NSM steel or CFRP bars exhibited ultimate loads and stiffness 13.6 to 29.7% and 17.2 to 21.7% higher than the non-strengthened column. However, the ductility decreased by 2.5 to 12.4%.

3D printing of high-stiffness and high-strength glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites by selective laser sintering

Glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites are emerging as structural materials of multifunctional devices in space applications, due to their outstanding mechanical properties, electrical insulating properties, and resistance to irradiation. Here, a new approach for preparing glass fiber/PEEK powders tailored for selective laser sintering (SLS) process is proposed. The surface of glass fiber is modified with the sulfonated PEEK following the designed procedure. The flowability of glass fiber/PEEK powders is also improved by adding the nano-scale SiO2 flow agent. The glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites are successfully 3D printed using the glass fiber/PEEK powders. Further, the enhancement of interfacial bonding between PEEK and glass fiber is analyzed through quasi-static tension tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the SLSed glass fiber reinforced PEEK composites. The average ultimate tensile strength reaches approximately 100 MPa using these optimal process parameters, while the average elastic modulus is around 7 GPa. Finally, the upper limit of fiber weight fraction is evaluated with the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and the high-fidelity discrete element method (DEM) simulation.

High-strength fiber reinforced concrete production with incorporating volcanic pumice powder and steel fiber: sustainability, strength and machine learning technique

High-strength fiber reinforced concrete production with incorporating volcanic pumice powder and steel fiber: sustainability, strength and machine learning technique

Loading rate effects on multifiber pullout resistance of smooth steel fibers in ultra-high-performance concrete

This study investigated the multi-fiber pullout resistance of high-strength smooth steel fibers embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) at different loading rates. To discover the source of the fiber group effect on fiber pullout resistance, multi-fiber pullout tests were employed by changing the number of fibers, fiber-to-fiber distance, and difference in embedded lengths. The main source of the fiber group effect was found to be the reduced contact pressure per fiber, in the specimens containing more fibers, generated by matrix shrinkage: the fiber pullout stress at the static loading rate (0.0167 mm/s) decreased from 786.58 to 618.59 MPa (21.4 % reduction) as the number of fibers increased from 1 to 25. The equivalent bond strength of smooth steel fiber in UHPC generally increased from 4.5–5.2 to 5.9–7.1 MPa as the loading rate increased from 0.0167 to 1.67 mm/s. The favorable rate-sensitive pullout resistance of multi-fiber pullout specimens was notably affected by the number of fibers and fiber distance: the specimens containing nine fibers with a 2.7 mm fiber distance produced the highest dynamic increase factor (1.37) owing to enhanced interactions between interfacial cracks.

Effect of layering sequence and jujube fruit seed addition on the mechanical, water absorption and bio-degradation properties of Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites

Hybrid composite comprised fibers like peepal and Indian almond was fabricated, with the addition of natural filler such as jujube fruit seed particles aimed at enhancing composite performance. The impact of jujube fruit seed particles and layering sequence on the mechanical properties, water absorption and bio-degradation of the composites was investigated. Initially, two composite types, IA/P/IA (Indian almond/Peepal/Indian almond) and P/IA/P (Peepal/Indian almond/Peepal), were produced using hand layup practice, altering layering sequence of fibers. Based on tensile test results, the P/IA/P composite emerged as the optimal choice due to the denser packing of high-strength peepal fiber. Subsequently, jujube fruit seed particles were incorporated into the P/IA/P composite at varying weight percentages ranging from 2.5 to 10 with a step size of 2.5. The effect of jujube fruit seed particles on the performance of the P/IA/P composite was examined. The P/IA/P/7.5 wt% jujube composite demonstrated superior tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties, recording values of 82 MPa, 98 MPa, 5.2 kJ m−2, and 86 shore-d, respectively. These values were 15.4%, 22.5%, 20.9%, and 4.8% higher than those of the P/IA/P composite. The P/IA/P/10 wt% jujube composite demonstrated minimal water absorption, with only 8% recorded over a 12-day period, as well as limited mass loss, totaling 27% over 60 days. Consequently, this research suggests that the P/IA/P/7.5 wt% composite holds promise for industrial applications.

High performance CaCO3-based composites using sodium tripolyphosphate as phase controlling additive: Bamboo fiber driven high strength development

Due to the limited carbonation degree caused by the surface densification of carbonated products, the development of high-strength carbonated composites remains challenging. In this work, bamboo fiber (BFs) is utilized as a reaction reinforcing agent along with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a CaCO3 phase controlling additive to prepare high-strength bamboo fiber reinforced carbonated wollastonite composites (BFRCWs). The phase composition and microstructure are systematically investigated by multiscale physicochemical analysis, followed by the determination of macro properties and volume deformation. Results indicate that BF and STPP have a synergistic effect on the microstructural formation and macro performance of BFRCWs. STPP-treated BF (ST-BF) can serve as an internal curing agent and the porous structure of BF provides more channels for ion and CO2 transport, whereas CaCO3 phase composition and cementitious behavior is modified by STPP. The addition of ST-BF, particularly for long fibers, accelerates the carbonation reaction, resulting in an increased ratio of poorly crystalline CaCO3 and a refined pore structure. With increasing ST-BF dosage (0–3 vol%), the cementitious reaction is enhanced, but excessive fibers (3 vol%) incorporation introduces additional porosity, consequently reducing compressive strength. The desired pore structure with the optimal 2 vol% ST-BF (3–6 mm) shows the highest strength of 103.5 MPa at 28 days.

Mechanism of pre-tension on the impact response of plain weave fabric: Experimental and numerical investigation

The fabrics made of high strength and toughness fibers are increasingly used in the structural and individual protection. The research on energy dissipation mechanism and the improvement methods for improving energy dissipation of the fabric under impact, as well as the change of ballistic limit velocity under pre-stress, is relatively mature. However, the transmission mode and velocity of transverse wave in the fabric, as well as the method of accurate finite element simulation is still lacking. In this paper, the transverse impact response of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric subjected to fragment impact is studied experimentally and numerically. A novel biaxial pre-tension fixture was developed, and fragment impact test of the fabric in pre-tension state was realized using a gas gun. The displacement-time history of each point on the fabric in three-dimensional space was characterized through 3-D DIC technology, and the process of transverse wave transmission on the fabric after fragment impact was obtained. The calculated results of the finite element model established by truss element agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the impact velocity of fragment affects the velocity of transverse wave in the fabric, but does not change its transmission mode. With the increase of pre-tension amount, the propagation mode changes from a cross shape to a rhombic shape and finally to a circular shape, and the wave velocity increases greatly. The wave transmission process in yarns at a mesoscopic level was analyzed through finite element simulation, and the transmission path was determined. It was found that pre-tension accelerated the wave velocity on the stepwise path, causing the transverse wave to reach a farther position in the diagonal direction of the fabric, resulting in different modes of wave transmission. The research content may provide more ways for the application of fabrics in protection.

Microwave-assisted fabrication of high-strength natural fiber hybrid composites for sustainable applications: An experimental and computational study

The present study deals with the fabrication of hybrid composites using biodegradable and ecologically friendly natural fibers and a recyclable thermoplastic matrix. Pure and hybrid natural fiber composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with Kenaf and Ramie fiber, 20 wt%, were fabricated using microwave-assisted compression molding. The composite's mechanical characterization was performed using tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests. X-ray diffraction was done to investigate the crystallinity percentage, and scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces was performed to determine failure mechanisms. The hybrid composite of HDPE/Ramie and Kenaf exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 29.3 ± 1.2 MPa, surpassing HDPE/Kenaf (21.6 ± 1.1 MPa) and HDPE/Ramie (24.3 ± 1.4 MPa) composites. In terms of flexural strength, HDPE/Ramie demonstrated the highest at 19.9 ± 1.5 MPa, while HDPE/Kenaf had the lowest at 18 ± 1.1 MPa. The hybrid composite's flexural strength was intermediate at 19 ± 1.3 MPa. Impact strength followed a similar trend, with the hybrid composite leading at 40.2 KJ/m2, followed by HDPE/Ramie (26.9 KJ/m2) and HDPE/Kenaf (12.3 KJ/m2). Hardness tests revealed the highest hardness in the hybrid composite and the lowest in HDPE/Kenaf. A computational study has been performed to develop a model for predicting the hybrid composites. A strong agreement between both studies has been observed. The developed composite is deemed suitable for various light-duty applications, such as roofing, car interior panels, and mobile covers, offering potential benefits in reducing carbon footprint.

Study on the characteristics of novel fiber extracted from Foxtail palm fruits – A steps towards the sustainable development

This study explores the properties of fibers extracted from the fruits of the Foxtail palm (FPF) and assesses their potential for advancing sustainable development. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that these fibers significantly inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica, with inhibition zones of 24 mm and 30 mm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a predominantly crystalline structure, which is crucial for use as reinforcing materials, showing distinct peaks at 20° and 30° diffraction angles that signify the presence of cellulose I. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the fibers’ complex composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, indicated by the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aliphatic functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a rough and irregular surface texture adorned with numerous microfibrils and cavities, which are beneficial for mechanical interlocking with polymer matrices. The densely arranged cellulose microfibrils, approximately 210 µm in diameter, lend the fibers high tensile strength and stiffness. Although some surface imperfections were observed, the inherent porosity of the fibers facilitates resin absorption, enhancing their reinforcement capabilities in composite materials.