High Speed Uplink Packet Access Research Articles

Research and Simulation on Wireless Packet Scheduling Scheme Based on High-Speed Packet Access Network

The efficiency of high speed packet access (HSPA) systems is mainly based on Packet Scheduling Scheme which will be the key to influencing on the system performance and ensuring the service quality for the users. In this paper, we introduce a three step packet scheduling scheme to provide quality of services (QoS) guaranteed for high speed uplink packet access. Then, we proposed an improved packet scheduling algorithm based on QoS parameter for mixed service applications in order to meet the actual QoS needs of the different systems. This algorithm calculated the scheduling priority based on the comprehensive factors, including the queuing status of each user, QoS requirements and the sum of speeds on each channel. The simulation results show that the performance efficiency of HSPA systems employed proposed algorithm is superior compared to the conventional PF and M-LWDF algorithm in average packet drop and average cell throughput.

WCDMA uplink capacity of high-altitude platforms (HAPs) macrocells with incorporated HSUPA service

The multiservice (voice, data, and high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA)) uplink capacity and the interference statistics of high-altitude platforms wideband code-division multiple access macrocell are studied. The free-space propagation loss model with a log-normal shadowing is used in the analysis. It is concluded that the voice and data service are significantly affected by HSUPA users and that the macrocell capacity decreases dramatically when one of these users gets connected to it in the case that they share the same frequency band. Also, it is concluded that the capacity decrement is highly sensitive to the location of the HSUPA users. When the HSUPA users did not share the same frequency band with the voice and traditional data users, macrocell capacity will be 3 HSUPA users with a processing gain of 8 or 5.3 HSUPA users with a processing gain of 16.

Multipath Effect on the WCDMA Uplink Capacity of Highways Cigar-Shaped Microcells with Users within Cars and Buses

In this work, the effect of the multipath on the capacity and the interference statistics of the sectors of the highways cigar-shaped W-CDMA microcells is studied. A model of five microcells is used to analyze the uplink. The capacity and the interference statistics of the microcell are studied for different antenna sidelobe levels and different sector ranges. In the study, imperfect power control and limited transmitted power are assumed. Users are assumed to be within equally spaced buses and cars. The uplink capacity of the sector is studied assuming three types of services, namely, voice, 3G data and 3.75G data (representing the High Speed Uplink Packet Access). It is shown that, the sector uplink capacity depends on the buses and cars density within the sector. The capacity is also given as a function of the number of buses and cars within the sector.

Enhanced Protocol for Real-Time Transmission of Echocardiograms Over Wireless Channels

This paper presents a methodology to transmit clinical video over wireless networks in real-time. A 3-D set partitioning in hierarchical trees compression prior to transmission is proposed. In order to guarantee the clinical quality of the compressed video, a clinical evaluation specific to each video modality has to be made. This evaluation indicates the minimal transmission rate necessary for an accurate diagnosis. However, the channel conditions produce errors and distort the video. A reliable application protocol is therefore proposed using a hybrid solution in which either retransmission or retransmission combined with forward error correction (FEC) techniques are used, depending on the channel conditions. In order to analyze the proposed methodology, the 2-D mode of an echocardiogram has been assessed. A bandwidth of 200 kbps is necessary to guarantee its clinical quality. The transmission using the proposed solution and retransmission and FEC techniques working separately have been simulated and compared in high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) networks. The proposed protocol achieves guaranteed clinical quality for bit error rates higher than with the other protocols, being for a mobile speed of 60 km/h up to 3.3 times higher for HSUPA and 10 times for WiMAX.

Fast performance prediction of power controlled HSUPA with channel estimation

Transmit power control (TPC) is used in high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) to compensate for the near far effect which degrades system performance. However, its use in joint application with turbo coding, and hybrid automatic repeat request (Hybrid-ARQ) is very prohibitive and time consuming. In this article, we propose a simplified simulation methodology for power controlled HSUPA with Hybrid-ARQ Chase combining considering the effect of channel estimation on the system performance. The proposed method was tested on Rake and chip-level linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) receivers. Simulation results show that the CPU time taken to reach the required performance is significantly reduced. Moreover, when the channel estimation is taken into account with an important number of pilot symbols, the system performance is close to that obtained with perfect channel acknowledgement (PCA).

Cross-Layer Ultrasound Video Streaming Over Mobile WiMAX and HSUPA Networks

It is well known that the evolution of 4G-based mobile multimedia network systems will contribute significantly to future mobile healthcare (m-health) applications that require high bandwidth and fast data rates. Central to the success of such emerging applications is the compatibility of broadband networks, such as mobile Worldwide Interoperability For Microwave Access (WiMAX) and High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), and especially their rate adaption issues combined with the acceptable real-time medical quality of service requirements. In this paper, we address the relevant challenges of cross-layer design requirements for real-time rate adaptation of ultrasound video streaming in mobile WiMAX and HSUPA networks. A comparative performance analysis of such approach is validated in two experimental m-health test bed systems for both mobile WiMAX and HSUPA networks. The experimental results have shown an improved performance of mobile WiMAX compared to the HSUPA using the same cross-layer optimization approach.

HSPA/HSPA+ 단말 신호 측정 알고리즘 및 소프트웨어

HSPA(High Speed Packet Access)/HSPA+ is a combined 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project) standard of HSDPA(High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA(High Speed Uplink Packet Access). The standard can provide the high speed multimedia service against the 3GPP release 99 standard. In order to test the 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal performance, the measurement hardware is required for the evaluate the transmitted signal of HSPA/HSPA+ terminals. Agilent Technologies and Innowireless produce the measurement equipments for HSPA/HSPA+ terminals. Generally speaking, the receiving algorithms in normal modems cannot be used directly to the measurement system due to the lack of the algorithm accuracy. In this paper, we propose the new receiver algorithm for precise measurement of 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal signal, and implement measurement functionality for performance measurement of the 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal by using software. The proposed 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ signal measurement algorithm can be used for the commercial system through code execution speed optimization.

Performance Enhancement due to the TNL Congestion Control on the Simultaneous Deployment of both HSDPA and HSUPA

the main focus of the work presented in this paper is to analyze the effect of the Transport Network Layer (TNL) congestion control on the High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) performance. The TNL and in particular the Iub link needs to be carefully dimensioned. Firstly because it has significant impact on the end-to-end and network performance and secondly due to the high number of required links in the network, the Iub is a major cost factor for the network operators. The congestion control function works together with the air interface scheduler and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in order to control the offered load to the TNL network. In this manner, the data flow over the TNL is adequately adapted to the user’s air interface data rate and to the available TNL capacity avoiding congestion in the transport network. In addition, the paper focuses as well on the effects of the simultaneous deployment of both High Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access (HSDPA & HSUPA). This is done by comparing the results from deploying HSDPA or HSUPA separately in the system against the simultaneous deployment of both (To the best of our knowledge, there are only few publications in which this has been investigated, especially in combination with the Congestion Control). The reason for such a comparison is to highlight the effects that appear when both are deployed together, since most of the previous studies were focusing only on either HSDPA or HSUPA, whereas the final goal is to use both together in one system. The simulation results presented in this paper confirm that the congestion in the transport network can be controlled in such a way that the available TNL capacity can be effectively utilized and hence the performance of HSPA network can be significantly improved in all aspects. In the ComNets TZI working group at the university of Bremen, a number of projects focusing on the TNL dimensioning and TNL features development for the HSPA network are being worked on [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20].

A Single-Chip 8-Band CMOS Transceiver for 3G Cellular Systems with Digital Interface

In this paper, a single-chip dual-mode 8-band 130nm CMOS transceiver including A/D/A converters and digital filters with 312MHz LVDS interface is presented. For a transmitter chain, linear direct quadrature modulation architecture is introduced for both W-CDMA/HSDPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) and for GSM/EDGE. Analog baseband LPFs and quadrature modulators are commonly used both for GSM and for EDGE. For a direct conversion receiver chain, ABB (Analog Base-Band) blocks, i.e., LPFs and VGAs, delta-sigma A/D converters, and FIR filters are commonly used for W-CDMA/HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and GSM/EDGE to reduce chip area. Their characteristics can be reconfigured by register-based control sequence. The receiver chain also includes high-speed DC offset cancellers both in analog and in digital stage, and the self-contained AGC controller, whose parameters such as time constant are programmable to be free from DBB (Digital Base-Band) control. The transceiver also includes wide-range VCOs and fractional PLLs, an LVDS driver and receiver for high-speed digital interface of 312MHz. Measured results reveal that the transceiver satisfies 3GPP specifications for W-CDMA/HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) and GSM/EDGE.

Dynamic Reservation Scheme of Physical Cell Identity for 3GPP LTE Femtocell Systems

A large number of phone calls and data services will take place in indoor environments. In Long Term Evolution (LTE), femtocell, as a home base station for indoor coverage extension and wideband data service, has recently gained significant interests from operators and consumers. Since femtocell is frequently turned on and off by a personal owner, not by a network operator, one of the key issues is that femtocell should be identified autonomously without system information to support handover from macrocell to femtocell. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reservation scheme of Physical Cell Identities (PCI) for 3GPP LTE femtocell systems. There are several reserving types, and each type reserves a different number of PCIs for femtocell. The transition among the types depends on the deployed number of femtocells, or the number of PCI confusion events. Accordingly, flexible use of PCIs can decrease PCI confusion. This reduces searching time for femtocell, and it is helpful for the quick handover from macrocell to femtocell. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme re- duces average delay for identifying detected cells, and increases network capacity within equal delay constraints. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is work- ing on the standardization of asynchronous communication systems. This technology is being enhanced gradually en- suring higher user data rate, bigger system capacity, and lower cost. The wideband CDMA (WCDMA) system is standardized with 3GPP release 99/4 which is being de- ployed in the world. Release 5 is related to High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), and it improves the downlink packet transmission speed theoretically up to 14.4 Mbps. High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is enhanced up to 5.76 Mbps in uplink, and it is standardized with the Release 6. We simply mention both HSDPA and HSUPA as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). In release 7, High Speed Packet Access Evolution (eHSPA, HSPA+) is standardized. eHSPA is based on the HSPA network with a simple upgrade, and it supports more bandwidth efficiency and lower latency. The maximum data rate is 28.8 Mbps in downlink and 11.5 Mbps in uplink (1). How- ever, users still require further system improvements. The technology is dramatically enhanced in release 8, where the standard of Long Term Evolution (LTE) is currently being established. The main objectives of LTE are higher data rates, lower latency, increased capacity, enhanced coverage, and an optimized system for the packet switching network (2). LTE also considers a femtocell, which is referred to as a home base station for an indoor coverage extension and overall network performance enhancement (3). Recently, LTE-Advanced standard targeting of 1Gbps for low mobil- ity is being discussed in release 9. We look into general features and requirements of fem- tocells. Important issues related to access control are de- scribed, followed by our contributions and organization of the paper.

HSUPA Transport Network Congestion Control

The introduction of High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) greatly improves achievable uplink bitrate but it presents new challenges to be solved in the WCDMA radio access network. In the transport network, bandwidth reservation for HSUPA is not efficient and TCP cannot efficiently resolve congestion because of lower layer retransmissions. This paper proposes an HSUPA transport network flow control algorithm that handles congestion situations efficiently and supports Quality of Service differentiation. In the Radio Network Controller (RNC), transport network congestion is detected. Relying on the standardized control frame, the RNC notifies the Node B about transport network congestion. In case of transport network congestion, the Node B part of the HSUPA flow control instructs the air interface scheduler to reduce the bitrate of the flow to eliminate congestion. The performance analysis concentrates on transport network limited scenarios. It is shown that TCP cannot provide efficient congestion control. The proposed algorithm can achieve high end-user perceived throughput, while maintaining low delay, loss, and good fairness in the transport network.

Chip‐Level HARQ Chase Combining for HSUPA

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is used in high‐speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) to increase the data rate. Chase combining is the simplest of HARQ algorithms. It provides a time diversity and requires a small memory. In this paper, we propose a technique to increase the chase combining efficiency. In this method, HARQ transmissions are seen as additional receive antennas which are jointly combined at chip‐level using a space‐time linear minimum square error (LMMSE). We demonstrate that the chase combining diversity gain is considerably increased especially for high‐order modulation.

Radio resource management for the UMTS enhanced uplink in presence of QoS radio bearers

The next step in the evolution of UMTS is the Enhanced Uplink or high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), which is designed for the efficient transport of packet switched data. We propose an analytic modeling approach for the performance evaluation of the UMTS uplink with best-effort users over the enhanced uplink and QoS-users over dedicated channels. The model considers two different scheduling disciplines for the enhanced uplink: parallel scheduling and one-by-one scheduling. Resource Management in such a system has to consider the requirements of the dedicated channel users and the enhanced uplink users on the shared resource, i.e. the cell load. We evaluate the impact of two resource management strategies, one with preemption for dedicated channels and one without, on key QoS-indicators like blocking and dropping probabilities as well as user and cell throughput.

Radio resource management in HSDPA and HSUPA

This paper discusses the interaction between high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) scheduling algorithms running in the Node B and other resource management algorithms in the radio network controller (RNC), which are still required to satisfy user-perceived quality. We investigate the effect of load sharing with legacy dedicated channel transmission, and discuss load control algorithms suitable for HSDPA and HSUPA packet transmission. The main concepts of resource allocation are discussed together with results obtained from a dynamic system simulator developed by Alcatel-Lucent. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.