High-speed Printing Machine Research Articles

Wear-Resistant Composites Produced from Tool Steel Waste for Contact Joints of High-Speed Printing Machines

Wear-Resistant Composites Produced from Tool Steel Waste for Contact Joints of High-Speed Printing Machines

THE RELEVANCE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN IN EFFECTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND JOB CREATION IN NIGERIA

This paper reveals the vast potentials in Graphic design as a viable panacea to create job for youths and open alternative source of income for the unemployed. Graphic design has contributed to the growth and development of small and medium scale industries with the advent of modern high-speed printing machines, designing and printing for commercial purpose is in high demand. However, aesthetics and functional satisfaction from graphic art production largely depends upon the approach adopted by its execution. The commercial concept of graphic designs encompasses a wide range of activities such as branding, package design, trade label, book cover, CD jacket, poster design, invitation cards, souvenirs etc.

Термодинамічний аналіз взаємодії високообертових композитів друкарських машин на основі нікелю з киснем

The article analyzes the oxidation processes in the friction film on the surface of antifriction composite based on the powder nickel alloy EP975 with solid lubricant CaF2 in air at high rotational speeds or temperatures which occur on contact surfaces. This composite had been developed to equip units of high-speed printing machines which operate at severe exploitation conditions. The oxidation processes were studied by analyzing the interaction of composite with air by means of thermodynamic analysis. The thermodynamic analysis method description has been presented in the article. The article shows the results of the thermodynamic simulation the interaction of the researched antifriction composite with air at high temperatures using the ASTRA.4 program. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data. It has been shown the friction film contains solid lubricant and oxides of the composite’s alloying elements. The composite’s functional properties level depends on the quantitative ratio of the formed oxides in combination with CaF2 in the friction film at high rotational speeds or operating temperatures.Thermodynamic computer modeling of the interaction of air with individual elements and reinforcing compounds, in the investigated composite allows calculation of the composition of the condensed and gas-vapor phases, over a wide range of temperatures. The positive results of this research allow us to recommend new composite materials on the basis of nickel, for difficult conditions of working friction units of high-speed printing machines.Further research will focus on determining the quantity of oxide phases in the friction films and their effect on the tribotechnical properties of the composite at different temperature conditions for high-speed printing equipments.

The Properties of the New Composite Antifriction Parts for Printing Equipment’s Friction Units

The paper summarizes the formation of new materials’ structure and properties after using a new hot isostatic-pressing technology. It shows the efficiency of the developed technology of production and the following heat treatment for the new high speed bearings, which is confirmed by the results of complex experimental and industrial tests. Such technology is able to ensure the high and stable level of the functional properties.The experimental results of the new composite bearing material’s properties in a comparison with the already known nickel composite have been presented. The article shows that the dense friction films were formed on the contact surfaces during tribological tests. All the friction surfaces are covered by the dense antiscoring films, the so-called as secondary structures. They consist of the chemical elements of bearing and counterface, and solid lubricant СаF2. During the friction process, the different chemical reactions took place between O2 of the air and elements of researched specimen and steel R18 counterface at high rotation speeds and loads. Such chemical processes result in formation of friction films, which protect contact pairs against intensive wear and stabilize a work of friction unit in printing machine.So, we have developed a new effective bearing materials, based on Ni alloy ЕP975–CaF2 system with high physical mechanical and tribotechnical properties performing well in more severe conditions than the already known sintered alloy. The new materials have an advantageous level of tribotechnical characteristics due to the tribofilms formed on the contact surfaces by dragging of calcium fluoride to cover the entire friction area.The full-scale industrial tests of ЕP975–CaF2 bearings showed increase in wear resistance by a factor up to 10 compared with the already known bearings in high speed printing machines’ friction units (in particular, Heidelberg Speedmaster SM-102-FPL and KBA Rapida-105) at a load up to 5 MPa and a rotation speed up to 6000 rpm.

Deep Research on the High Speed Printing Machine Mechanism Output Member

This article is an expand research about second size synthesis task of disc mechanism with floating roller push rod. By taking the cam-linkage combination mechanism of high speed printing machine as the research object, the travel angle of rocker m of its output member was analyzed and explored. According, in different allowable pressure angles [], relationship of zC, r0 and m were analyzed, optimal pressure angle []* and optimal cam basic radius r0opt * were solved. Regardless of digging the potential of existing mechanisms or extending scalable coverage, the above analyses have important reference value and guiding significance.

平行流を受ける柔軟片持ち平板の動的安定性に関する解析モデリングの考察

The stability of a flexible cantilevered plate subjected to a parallel flow is investigated. As the flexible flat plates, the papers in a high speed printing machine, the thin plastic and metal films, the fluttering flag and the oscillating doom roof are enumerated. The fluid is assumed to be treated as an ideal fluid in a subsonic domain, and the fluid pressure is calculated using the velocity potential theory. The coupled equation of motion of a flexible cantilevered plate is derived into consideration with the added mass, added damping and added stiffness respectively. The complex eigenvalue analysis is performed for the stability analysis. In order to consider the accuracy of dynamic stability analysis, three stability analysis method are proposed. Firstly, the analysis method based on boundary conditions in the half space surrounded by leading edge and trailing edge is performed. Hereafter, let's call it the coupled solution. Secondly, the analysis method based on the non-circulatory aerodynamic theory is performed. Let's call it the non-circulatory solution.Thirdly, the analysis method which fulfills Kutta condition is performed. Let's call it the circulatory solution.The following is made to be clear through three solutions. When the mass ratio of a fluid system for a structure system is small, the flutter of the lower mode such as a second mode become predominant. And, when the mass ratio is large, the higher mode flutter appears. Although the critical velocities of the coupled solution and the non-circulatory solution are higher than that of the circulatory solution in the second mode flutter with lower mass ratio, the critical velocities of the circulatory solution becomes higher than those of the coupled solution and the non-circulatory solution when the mass ratio increases.

Development of a Flexible Multibody Model to Simulate Nonlinear Effects in Printing Process

Modern high speed printing machines are able to print up to 700 m/min. At this rate, little excita-tions lead to vibrations, which may lead to loss of contact between the rollers (bouncing). This bouncing results in white stripes, being visible on the printed image. To enable the simulation of the whole printing process, including effects like bouncing, a discrete multibody model is developed. The rollers are modeled by several rigid bodies. These bodies are connected to each other by rotational springs, which allow simulation of the first bending eigenmodes of each roller. The contact area between the rollers is modeled by several nonlinear translational springs and damping elements. These elements change their stiffness and damping values depending on the distance between the rollers. If a defined distance is exceeded, the values become zero, which represents the loss of contact (bouncing). The unknown spring and damping elements of this model are parametrized with help of an experimental modal analysis. This paper presents the development of a flexible multibody model to simulate nonlinear effects in printing process.

851 平行流中を移動する柔軟平板の動的安定性解析

The dynamic stability of a flexible plate subjected to a parallel flow is investigated when it moves into a flowing flow. As the flexible flat plates, the papers in a high speed printing machine, the papers discharged by a paper machine, and the thin plastic film, the fluttering flag and the oscillating doom roof caused by wind are enumerated. The fluid is assumed to be treated as an ideal fluid in a subsonic domain, and the fluid pressure is calculated using the velocity potential theory. The coupled equation of motion of a flexible flat plate which is supported at both ends simply is derived into consideration with the added mass, added damping and added stiffness respectively. In addition, the effects of the tension acting the flexible plate, the moving velocity of a plate and the fluid velocity respectively are also included into the coupled equation of motion. The eigenvalue analysis is performed for the dynamic stability analysis. Changing the velocities of a plate and a fluid, the specifications of a plate as parameters study, the effects of these parameters on the dynamic stability of a plate is investigated. Moreover, it is found this solution shows a good agreement with the already reported experiments in which the flexible flat plate is a paper.

Second Mechanism Synthesis Task of Disc Cam Mechanisms with Roller Follower Moving in Planar General Motion

Size synthesis about disc cam mechanisms with planar-general-motion roller follower are summarized as two kinds,then the accurate description of these mechanism synthesis tasks are concluded. The first mechanism synthesis task is solved by means of the concept of virtual oscillating follower. The universal thought,method and step of the second mechanism synthesis task are proposed by introducing a German high speed printing machine as an example. A set of analytical formulae of the determination of the instantaneous nested interval and the whole nested interval are proposed firstly by the coordinate establishment,the floating number axis and the division of work travel. The existence and its analytical criterion of these formulae are proposed,and then the method to determinate the allowable area for roller center and the value range of the cam's base circle radius are obtained. A mechanism synthesis example is displayed.

Advantages of form adjustment in Xeikon FA-toner for high speed digital color printing

Chemically produced toner (CPT) is dominating the majority of new product introductions in the desktop, home and office market. Making toners in liquid phases prior to drying and blending them, results in some advantages. In particular this enables developing simpler and cheaper printing machines. However, today it is still very difficult to meet the high end demands for graphic arts printers using this CPT technology; the benefits achieved when using polyester toners (adhesion, gloss, charge, pigment wetting,…) can not be matched (with CP-toners). Up till now, CPT is present in none of the high end high speed printing machines, which all use melt pulverized toner (MP-toner) (or also named traditional produced toner (TP-toner)) based on polyester. This paper shows the advantages when form adjustment (FA) is applied on traditionally produced polyester toners for high speed color printing. Combining the best of both production technologies !

Single Component Non-Magnetic Development System for High-Speed Desktop Printer

In general, two-component development system has been widely used for high-speed printing machines because of its high reliability, durability, and color printing ability. Recently, the printing speed of desktop printer has been increasing and price has been dramatically decreasing in response to the market needs. However, two-component development system has a limit in reducing its cost when it is applied to desktop printer.Otherwise single component non-magnetic development system has been proposed as an alternative for desktop laser printer because of its low cost, small size, and color printing ability. In particular, there has been considerable attention on non-contact type single component developing method due to its high image resolution.There are several problems such as image quality, reliability, durability, and toner contamination in the machine as printing speed of development system increases. These problems have been improved remarkably by optimizing properties of developing roller, formulation of toner, and thin-layer-forming mechanism of metering blade.However, one of the unsolved problems in non-contact type development system is the contamination in the machine by scattered toner particles that come from the airflow between photoconductive drum and developing roller.In this research, we investigated and analyzed the noncontact type single component non-magnetic development system for high-speed machine. We experimentally studied the effect of toner layer, toner charge and developing gap. We also calculated the airflow in the developing apparatus by numerical simulation.

Felt Design for High Speed Printing Machines

Shoe press machines for H. S. P. G.(High Speed Printing Grade) have been actively introduced to the market places in the last few years. Technological advancements that are responsible for those machines demand superior performance from paper machine clothing.We believe that the combination of multi-layer base press felts and grooved shoe press belts are the most desirable to meet the required functions, such as stable runnability, efficient dewatering, less contamination and good smoothness.Laminated 2-layer or 3-layer felt designs take advantage of extremely fine cap basa fabric on the sheet side.Favorable results of the above combination have been reported in the commercial applications. Lower basis weight and higher density of felts combined with grooved belts, in particular, have enhanced water splash at out-going nip, resulting in improved sheet dryness.The latest generation of paper machines with no-draw configuration and design speed reaching 2, 000 meter per minute 6, 560 FPM) are becoming commercial reality.It is imperative to develop press felts and shoe press belts to most effectively tackle with additional issues such as “two-sidedness” and “re-wetting” as well as conventional felt and beit functions.

Applications of Photo-Electric Cells

AT a meeting of the Illuminating Engineering Society held on April 8, three papers were read on the uses and characteristics of photo-electric cells. R. C. Walker described the various types of lightsensitive cells. He pointed out that the problems to which it is intended to apply them are often mainly optical, electrical or mechanical. Audible warnings are sometimes given of the opening or closing of lift gates and announcing the record of automatic weighing machines. They will also be used on automatic telephone exchanges for announcing the correct time. Great demands on photo-cells will soon be made in television transmission. They are used for transmitting pictures by wire and radio. Other uses described were in counting objects, like cigarettes, passing along a conveyor, in giving warning when the web fractures on high-speed printing machines, for burglar alarms, smoke detection in factory chimneys, regulating the speed of escalators and the timing of sporting events. L. H. McDermott described three different ways in which photo-cells have been used in connexion with problems of daylight illumination. The first was a relay to control the lighting of part of the National Portrait Gallery, the second was a device for the continuous recording of the amount of daylight illumination at Teddington and the third was used in the investigation now being carried out at the National Physical Laboratory into the lowest value of natural illumination which an office worker requires. In the third paper, W. H. B. Hall described an interesting device by which the automatic lighting and extinguishing of gas lamps at a London school was controlled by means of a photo-cell.