High-speed Power Line Communication Research Articles

Research on Low Power Design Technology of HPLC

Power line communication (PLC) is widely used in electric power Internet of Things (IoT). Its performance, including data rate and anti-interference ability, has made great breakthroughs from Narrowband PLC (NB PLC) to high-speed PLC (HPLC) in recent years. In the context of continuously improving functions, the power consumption of HPLC is gradually increasing, this is equivalent to increasing the line loss of power transmission, which has an adverse effect on the large-scale deployment of HPLC. This paper analyses the structure of HPLC chip and communication unit, mainly exploring the low power design technology from chip architecture design, frequency band selection, physical layer (PHY) design, and MAC layer process. Currently the latest HPLC chip has been developed successfully, and the corresponding communication unit have started large-scale applications, and lab test and field application results show the HPLC can well meet the power consumption requirements in electric power IoT.

Design and implementation of HPLC Communication module in Smart Grid

In allusion to the problems of lower speed, weak anti-interference ability based on narrow band PLC (Power Line Communications) technology, a kind of HPLC (High-speed Power Line Communications) module used in ubiquitous power intelligent electricity acquisition system is designed. The HPLC module takings the SOC chip SC3105 as the master control chip transmit user datum between a concentrator and meters in high speed. Using abundant interrupts and timers, the system software fast processes accurate service messages and network management messages. The memory management mechanism of the system software recovers memory fragments and improves the use efficiency of memory, so as to keeping system stable. The test results show the module has over 1Mbps communication speed, 100% reading meter success rate, shorter reading meter time, and excellent communication performance in city power grids and village power grids, which solves the problems of narrow band PLC technology.

Analysis of AMI Communication Methods in Various Field Environments

In order to construct an efficient on-site communication network for an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea, the high-speed power line communication (HS PLC), wireless smart utility network (Wi-SUN), and ZigBee modems are currently being used. In this paper, we first quantitatively analyze the communication performances of HS PLC, Wi-SUN, and ZigBee modems for AMI through both experimental testbeds and practical environment sites. For practical AMI sites, we selected 18 sites with 48 measurement points and classified the sites into five areas, and conducted measurements of signal and noise power spectra on the sites. We then derived linear regression models for received powers according to areas. Through the constructed models, we can efficiently choose an appropriate communication method and plan a methodology for building an AMI network depending on the area type. Furthermore, using the constructed regression models, we provided graphical simulation tools of received powers for both PLC and wireless communication methods based on a distribution information map.

Performance Comparisons of Broadband Power Line Communication Technologies

Broadband power line communication (PLC) is used as a communication technique for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea. High-speed (HS) PLC specified in ISO/IEC12139-1 and HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) are deployed for remote metering. Recently, internet of things (IoT) PLC has been proposed for reliable communications on harsh power line channels. In this paper, the physical layer performance of IoT PLC, HPGP, and HS PLC is evaluated and compared. Three aspects of the performance are evaluated: the bit rate, power spectrum, and bit error rate (BER). An expression for the bit rate for IoT PLC and HPGP is derived while taking the padding bits and number of tones in use into consideration. The power spectrum is obtained through computer simulations. For the BER performance comparisons, the upper bound of the BER for each PLC standard is evaluated through computer simulations.

Effects of Power Line Communication on Radio Communication Equipment

Radio communication is a wireless transfer of information via power cable by Power Line Communication (PLC) and its dissemination through radio communication equipment.. However, this information causes signal interference, noise and distortion with the power line communication. This work analyzed the effect of PLC on radio communication equipment by interconnecting two high-speed PLC modems communicating with a data rate of up to 250 Mbit/s using telephone distribution wiring for radio spectrum to reduce the interference radiation that emanates from a power line. The measurements were made using a reference antenna at a distance of 3 m from the power line. The peak field-strength values were measured and recorded in the 30-350 MHz frequency range in horizontal and vertical polarization. The result shows that interference radiation occurring at frequencies up to 305 MHz, includes the FM band as well as the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) band. It is expected that as the data rate of high speed modems increases, a corresponding increase in the interference radiation occurs at frequencies above 300 MHz. To this regard, administrations should take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that the operation of power and telecommunication distribution networks do not cause harmful interference to a radio communication service. Keywords: PLC, Radio Communication, Interference, Noise, Distortion, Communication Equipment, Field Strength, DAB DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-16-04 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Adaptive decision directed impulse noise mitigate in power line communication

Impulse noise (IN) is the main cause of performance degradation in high-speed power line communication systems. Traditional methods mainly focus on manually setting a fixed blanking threshold to mitigate the corresponding IN. However, the fixed threshold cannot adapt to the time-varying IN efficiently. To solve this problem, an adaptive IN-mitigation system is proposed based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in a time-varying IN channel. The characteristics of IN are pre-evaluated by the method of moment estimation. Moreover, the adaptive threshold is efficiently solved in closed form according to the IN characteristics. In addition, an adaptive iterative IN-mitigation block is designed to leverage the performance of the receiver. For the number of iterations, a look-up table is constructed according to the IN characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves performance balance in weak, moderate, and heavy IN environments simultaneously. It is noted that the bit error rate significantly decreases with an increment in E b / N 0 .

A 12-Bit 500-MS/s Current Steering CMOS DAC for High-Speed PLC Modems

A 12-bit 500-MS/s current steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for high-speed power line communication (PLC) modems is presented in this paper. The performance of current steering DAC is limited by the current cell mismatches and glitch problems caused by switching timing errors. In this paper, the current cell design procedure is presented to minimize random mismatches. Then, a new data-weighted averaging (DWA) technique with fewer glitches and low hardware complexity is proposed to compensate for the gradient mismatch. Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) improvement and low complexity are effectively achieved by employing both a row–column structure and a (CSA) structure as the floor plan of the proposed DAC. The proposed DAC is implemented in a standard 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process with an active area of 2.445[Formula: see text]mm2, which achieves a differential non linearity (DNL) of 0.25[Formula: see text]LSB and an integral non-linearity (INL) of 0.19[Formula: see text]LSB. Additionally, the SFDR increases by 13.2[Formula: see text]dB (on average) when employing the proposed DWA technique. The total power consumption of the proposed DAC is 176[Formula: see text]mW from a 1.8-V supply voltage.

Application layer for high-speed narrowband power line communications for automatic demand response

Application layer for high-speed narrowband power line communications for automatic demand response

A Common Signaling Mechanism for Coexistence between High-speed Power Line Communication

AbstractIn the field of high-speed power line communications, there are three major standards; ISO/IEC 12139–1, IEEE 1901–2010, and ITU-T G.99xx. However, they are not interoperable because of having their own physical and MAC layer specification. Actually, they cannot even avoid interfering with each other because they are using the same frequency band of 1 ∼ 30 MHz. In this paper, a common signaling mechanism is suggested which uses multi-carrier partitioning and carrier sensing, so that all standards can be coexisted by sharing time resource. The suggested mechanism has been compared with the ISP protocol which is included in IEEE and ITU-T standard for coexistence.

Performance evaluation of an automotive distributed architecture based on a high speed power line communication protocol using a transaction level modeling approach

With the increasing complexity of communication infrastructures in the automotive domain, approaches for modeling architectures at a high abstraction level have become mandatory to assist designers in the development process of such networked embedded systems. Simulation of architecture models, early in the design process, is also necessary to detect and fix errors and performance issues. In this context, transaction level modeling approaches, supported by languages like SystemC, represent promising solutions to allow performances of networked architectures to be assessed with a good compromise between accuracy and simulation speed. This article presents the application of a simulation-based approach for performance evaluation of a networked embedded system inspired by the automotive domain. The presented modeling approach is defined to efficiently capture the characteristics of architectures for real-time image processing applications. The originality of this paper concerns the considered case study which corresponds to the modeling of a video transmission system made of three electronic controller units and based on a specific power line communication protocol. Compared with traditional communication protocols used in the automotive domain, power line communication is considered here to improve integration of advanced real-time image processing applications. The created model incorporates the description of the different communication layers involved in the studied distributed architecture. Simulation of the model allows evaluating time properties of the architecture according to the various system parameters. Furthermore, the memory cost inferred is also evaluated. Architecture parameters can then be correctly tuned to fully meet the expected requirements.

A fast bit-loading algorithm for high speed power line communications

Adaptive bit-loading is a key technology in high speed power line communications with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technology. According to the real situation of the transmitting power spectrum limited in high speed power line communications, this paper explored the adaptive bit loading algorithm to maximize transmission bit number when transmitting power spectral density and bit error rate are not exceed upper limit. With the characteristics of the power line channel, first of all, it obtains the optimal bit loading algorithm, and then provides the improved algorithm to reduce the computational complexity. Based on the analysis and simulation, it offers a non-iterative bit allocation algorithm, and finally the simulation shows that this new algorithm can greatly reduce the computational complexity, and the actual bit allocation results close to optimal.

스마트 그리드용 초광대역 저항성 전력 분배기

This article presents an ultra broadband resistive power divider circuit for smart grid applications. Since the future smart grid system is expected to deploy high speed power line communication, the frequency response of the resitive power divider circuit is naturally of significance. Employing a thin film technology, the resistive power divider was designed, measured, and fabricated. For the circuit design, the conductor-backed coplanar waveguide line was firstly designed and measured. The 3 dB cutoff frequency was 72 GHz and S11 remains <-20 dB upto 70 GHz. The fabricated resistive power divider shows the 3 dB cutoff frequency of 50 GHz. It was experimentally verified that the resistive power divider circuit shows the insertion loss of 6 dB for high-speed input signal (40 Gb/s).

High-Order Stable Notch Filter 기법을 적용한 전력선 통신 시스템 구현

As Power Line has been already installed over 60% of a residential area all over the world, Broadband Service has been possible using high-speed PLC(Power Line Communication) without new access line installed for Internet access. Because of such reason, PLC is researched as the most suitable service for Last Mile Solution. But, Power Line is designed for transmitting electric power, so peripheral Wireless Communication System is affected by a leak of electric wave. In this paper, we propose a High Performance Notch Filter algorithm in comparison with a existing notch filter for reduction of interference between existing Wireless Communication Service and Power Line Service. In addition, we implement the Notch Filter emulator appling a High Performance Notch Filter and using a embedded board.

Iterative Coding for High Speed Power Line Communication Systems

Abstract In this paper, we simulate and analyze performance of iterative coding scheme, double binary turbo code, for high speed power line communication (PLC) systems. PLC system has hostile environment for high speed data transmission, so error correction method is necessary to compensate effects of PLC channel. We employ the PLC model proposed by M. Zimmerman and Middleton Class A interference model, and system performance is evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER). From the simulation results, we confirm double binary turbo code provides considerable coding gains to PLC system and BER performance is significantly improved as the number of iteration increase. It is also confirmed that BER performance increases as code rate is lager, while it decreases as the code rate is smaller. Key Words : Double binary turbo code, power line communication, Max-log-MAP, OFDM * 광운대학교 전파공학과 * 준회원, 광운대학교 전파공학과 ** 준회원, 전기연구원 *** 정회원, 광운대학교 전파공학과접수일자 2010.10.4, 수정일자 2011.9.2게재확정일자 2011.10.14 Ⅰ. 서 론

Performance of double binary turbo coding for high speed PLC systems

In this paper, performance of double binary turbo coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is analyzed and simulated in power line communications (PLC) channel. In order to make power line channel environments, Bernoulli-Gaussian noise is considered. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. From the simulation results, it is demonstrated that the double binary turbo coding scheme offers considerable coding gain with reasonable encoding complexity. It is also shown that the system performance can be substantially improved by increasing the number of iterations.

Network-supported TCP rate control for high-speed power line communications environments

High-speed power line communications (PLC) technology has great potential to serve as an infrastructure for home networking. To investigate the performance of end-to-end data flows over high definition (HD)-PLC, we have developed a new module on the NS-2 network simulator for HD-PLC that is driven by the particular patterns of the time-varying packet-error-rate as measured by experiments. To solve the problem on coexisting multiple TCP flows, a novel network-supported TCP rate control that appropriately modifies the advertized-window value in a TCP-ACK packet in response to the PLC network condition is presented and is shown to be effective through simulations.

고속 전력선 통신을 위한 터보 부호화된 OFDM

본 논문은 전력선 통신 채널에서 터보 부호와 OFDM 시스템의 성능을 분석하고 시뮬레이션 하였다. 전력선통신 시스템은 최악의 환경에서 동작되기 때문에 터보 부호는 전송 데이터의 신뢰성을 보장하기 위해서 사용되었다. 시뮬레이션의 성능은 비트 오류 확률로써 표현하였다. 터보 복호 알고리즘으로써 MAP과 Max-Log MAP 알고리즘, 그리고 SOVA를 선택하였고, 이것들의 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과로부터, Max-Log MAP 알고리즘이 성능과 복잡도면에서 유망하다는 것이 입증되었다. 그리고 터보 부호기의 인터리버 길이가 100에서 5000으로 변할 때와 반복 횟수가 2번에서 8번으로 증가할 때, 각 각 3dB증가하였음을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서의 결과는 OFDM를 기반으로 하는 전력선 통신 시스템에 적용될 수 있음을 보여준다. In this paper, performance of a turbo-coded OFDM system is analyzed and simulated in a power line communication channel. Since the power line communication system typically operates in a hostile environment, turbo code has been employed to enhance reliability of transmitted data. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. As turbo decoding algorithms, MAP (maximum a posteriori), Max-Log-MAP, and SOVA (soft decision viterbi output) algorithms are chosen and their performances are compared. From simulation results, it is demonstrated that Max-Log-MAP algorithm is promising in terms of performance and complexity. It is shown that performance is improved 3dB by increasing the number of iterations, 2 to 8, and interleaver length of a turbo encoder, 100 to 5000. The results in this paper can be applied to OFDM-based high-speed power line communication systems.

Preface to the Special Issue on “High Speed Power Line Communication Technologies”

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高速電力線通信信号のバイパス装置に関する検討

A distribution apparatus might exist on the communication route and it deteriorates the communication performance, in the high speed power line communications. We report the result of study on the signal bypass unit, which improves the line characteristic and advances the communication performance, by making the communication signal bypass the distribution apparatus effectively.

Trend on High-speed Power Line Communication Technology

High-speed power line communication (PLC) is useful technology to easily build the communication networks, because construction of new infrastructure is not necessary. In Europe and America, PLC has been used for broadband networks since the beginning of 21th century. In Japan, high-speed PLC was deregulated only indoor usage in 2006. Afterward it has been widely used for home area network, LAN in hotels and school buildings and so on. And recently, PLC is greatly concerned as communication technology for smart grid network. In this paper, the author surveys the high-speed PLC technology and its current status.