High-speed Network Connections Research Articles

The New Dimension of Surgery: Telesurgery and Surgical Nursing

In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, it has been observed that surgical patients have turned more towards telemedicine applications to meet their health care needs due to the fact that they cannot apply to hospitals unless they are mandatory and even the majority of non-urgent medical activities, including elective surgeries, are paused. Telesurgery, one of the telehealth concepts in the provision of health services, has emerged as a promising application known as remote surgery, which provides remote surgical care to patients. Today, telesurgical interventions performed away from patients using surgical robots, virtual reality applications, advanced computer and network technologies have become a rising trend in the field of surgery. It is obvious that telesurgery applications, which aim to provide high quality remote surgery with worldwide expertise, have some obstacles due to the fact that it is a very new technology. However, despite the obstacles, it is witnessed that telesurgical interventions are being successfully applied day by day thanks to different application methods. It is predicted that telesurgery, which is expected to reach and serve more patients in the future, will be more widely applied and developed with its high-speed advanced network connection, lower cost rates and reaching all over the world, even to space and the depths of the sea. When we look at the nursing practices in telesurgery, which is a new application area in the field of surgery, it is stated that positive results have been achieved, but the number of studies is still insufficient. Depending on the telesurgery technology, which is expected to develop rapidly in the coming years, it is thought that there will be a rapid increase in the number of studies on telesurgery in the field of surgical nursing. Therefore, in this review, it was aimed to clarify telesurgical interventions, which have been started to be applied by surgeons as a new trend in recent years and which is a very new and highly developed application area for nurses, and to examine the surgical nursing interventions applied in this field.

Improving Broadcast System of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Network-based on Enhanced Ant colony Optimization

With the use of seamless high-speed worldwide network connectivity in future, it is anticipated that the integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN) will be a possible option. Due to the inadequacy of topological data and the close coupling of data and control planes, deploying optimized rules on routers is difficult. The important factors in ISTN networks are routing rules and policies, link failure, and high-bandwidth communication. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an open innovation approach that enables programmability from a central location. The controller handles the complexity of the network, whereas the infrastructure layer devices relay the packets. Thus, we investigated the broadcast by dynamically adjusting routes for fault tolerance and energy efficiency of the ISTN using distance between nodes. In addition, using dynamic source routing, this study examines the competence functions of all managing nodes in a network. The routing design is distributed among all nodes to create numerous collective paths. For LEO satellite networks, the ant colony optimization-based routing algorithm is an improved version that considers the probability of faults and low-energy consumption. The proposed simulation ensures a seamless transition in the event of failures and avoids the requirement for an additional coordination service.

Audio signal transmission method in network-based audio analytics system

The subject matter of the article is аudio signal transmission method in network-based audio analytics system. The creation of a network-based audio analytics system leads to the emergence of new classes of load sources that transmit packetized sound data. Therefore, without constructing adequate mathematical models, it is impossible to build a well-functioning network-based audio analytics system. A fundamental question in traffic theory is the question of load source models. The development of an method for transmitting audio signals in a network-based audio analytics system becomes necessary. Based on this, the goal of the work is to create methods an method for transmitting audio signals in a network-based audio analytics system to ensure efficiency and accuracy in audio analytics. The following tasks were solved in the article: the formation of a model for the system's load sources, investigation of connection and traffic management, implementation of control and traffic monitoring functions in the network, research of methods to ensure the quality of audio signal transmission and the development of a method of transmitting an audio signal by virtual routes switching. To achieve these goals, the following methods are used: mathematical signal processing, data compression algorithms, optimization of network protocols, and the use of high-speed network connections. The obtained results include modeling of the system's load sources, examination of connection and traffic management, investigation of methods to ensure the quality of audio signal transmission and a method of transmitting an audio signal by virtual routes switching was proposed. In conclusion, the possibilities of using simulation modeling of nodes in the network-based audio analytics system are highly limited. This is explained by the fact that the acceptable level of information loss in data centers is very low. The use of the developed method enables effective control and processing of sound information in real-time. This method can find broad applications in various fields, including security, healthcare, management systems, and other industries where the analysis of audio signals is a crucial element.

HiMAQ: Hierarchical multi-agent Q-learning-based throughput and fairness improvement for UAV-Aided IoT networks

Recently, various types of Internet of Things (IoT) services have become wide spread, and new types of IoT devices are emerging. However, the significant number of high-rise buildings in urban environments renders it difficult to provide seamless and high-speed network connectivity consistently to these IoT devices via existing terrestrial IoT networks. Therefore, we herein consider unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided IoT networks, in which a ground base station (GBS) and a UAV base station (UBS) coexist. In this paper, a hierarchical multi-agent Q-learning (HiMAQ) framework is proposed to maximize the system throughput while minimizing device outage in UAV-aided IoT networks. The proposed HiMAQ adopts distributed multi-agent inner-loop reinforcement learning (RL) for determining the optimal transmission power of UBSs and GBSs, and distributed outer-loop RL to determine the optimal UBS deployment. This hierarchical RL architecture can reduce the computational complexity of the proposed RL approach compared with the centralized RL approach. The performance of HiMAQ in various network conditions is demonstrated considering the mobility of IoT devices and even/uneven spatial traffic distributions. Simulation results show that the proposed HiMAQ can maximize the system throughput and minimize the number of outage devices compared with various benchmark algorithms.

A Salinity-Impact Analysis of Polarization Division Multiplexing-Based Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System with High-Speed Data Transmission

The majority of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, with oceans holding approximately 97% of this water and serving as the lifeblood of our planet. These oceans are essential for various purposes, including transportation, sustenance, and communication. However, establishing effective communication networks between the numerous sub-islands present in many parts of the world poses significant challenges. Underwater optical wireless communication, or UWOC, can indeed be an excellent solution to provide seamless connectivity underwater. UWOC holds immense significance due to its ability to transmit data at high rates, low latency, and enhanced security. In this work, we propose polarization division multiplexing-based UWOC system under the impact of salinity with an on–off keying (OOK) modulation format. The proposed system aims to establish high-speed network connectivity between underwater divers/submarines in oceans at different salinity levels. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system with a 2 Gbps data rate up to 10.5 m range in freshwater and up to 1.8 m in oceanic waters with salinity up to 35 ppt. Successful transmission of high-speed data is reported in underwater optical wireless communication, especially where salinity impact is higher.

Evaluation of 60 GHz Wireless Connectivity for an Automated Warehouse Suitable for Industry 4.0

The fourth industrial revolution focuses on the digitization and automation of supply chains resulting in a significant transformation of methods for goods production and delivery systems. To enable this, automated warehousing is demanding unprecedented vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication rates and reliability. The 60 GHz frequency band can deliver multi-gigabit/second data rates to satisfy the increasing demands of network connectivity by smart warehouses. In this paper, we aim to investigate the network connectivity in the 60 GHz millimeter-wave band inside an automated warehouse. A key hindrance to robust and high-speed network connectivity, especially, at mmWave frequencies stems from numerous non-line-of-sight (nLOS) paths in the transmission medium due to various interacting objects such as metal shelves and storage boxes. The continual change in the warehouse storage configuration significantly affects the multipath reflected components and shadow fading effects, thus adding complexity to establishing stable, yet fast, network coverage. In this study, network connectivity in an automated warehouse is analyzed at 60 GHz using Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) channel simulations. We examine a simple warehouse model with several metallic shelves and storage materials of standard proportions. Our investigation indicates that the indoor warehouse network performance relies on the line-of-sight and nLOS propagation paths, the existence of reflective materials, and the autonomous material handling agents present around the access point (AP). In addition, we discuss the network performance under varied conditions including the AP height and storage materials on the warehouse shelves. We also analyze the network performance in each aisle of the warehouse in addition to its SINR heatmap to understand the 60 GHz network connectivity.

Falcon: Fair and Efficient Online File Transfer Optimization

Research networks provide high-speed wide-area network connectivity between research and education institutions to facilitate large-scale data transfers. However, scalability issues of legacy transfer applications such as scp and FTP hinder the effective utilization of these networks. Although researchers extended the legacy transfer applications to increase their performance by exploiting I/O and network parallelism, these solutions necessitate users to fine-tune parallelism level, a task that is challenging even for experienced users due to the dynamic nature of networks. In this paper, we propose an online optimization algorithm, Falcon, to tune the degree of parallelism for file transfers to maximize transfer throughput while keeping system overhead at a minimum. As research networks are shared infrastructures, we introduce a game theory-inspired novel utility function to evaluate the performance of various parallelism levels such that competing transfers are guaranteed to converge to a fair and stable solution. We assessed the performance of Falcon in isolated and production high-speed networks and found that it can discover optimal transfer parallelism in as little as 20 seconds and outperform the state-of-the-art solutions by more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Moreover, Falcon is guaranteed to converge to Nash Equilibrium when multiple transfers compete for the same resources with the help of its game theory-inspired utility function. Finally, we demonstrate that Falcon can also be used as a central transfer scheduler to speed up convergence time, increase stability, and enforce system/user-level resource limitations in shared networks.

Smartphones Online Marketing: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis

Smartphones and high-speed network connections allow businesses to deliver information to customers faster and more efficiently than ever before. This study analyses the most-cited articles on smartphone online marketing. A bibliometric mapping analysis was used to search for articles related to smartphone online marketing between 2010 and 2020, retrieved from the Scopus database. The title, a number of citations, publishing year, journal, country, subject area, and authors were all recorded and evaluated. VOSviewer was used for the bibliometric study. The search yielded a total of 120 articles, with citation counts ranging from 17 to 225. All of the articles were authored in English. The United States was the region with the most articles published. The highest publication source is the Journal of Business Research. Management, accounting, and business dominated the articles. This study benefits the company and marketers with the marketing strategies used in online marketing with smartphones. In terms of marketing activities and research areas, this study suggests future research directions&#x0D;

IOT-5G-Exploring next-generation media consumption in the area of Journalism

Abstract: The most common buzzwords in the world is “The Internet of things” (IoT) and IOT describes the network of physical objects, so known as, "things" those are rooted with sensors in the devices, application software, technologies that is used for the resolution of connecting one end to another end and exchanging information with other devices and systems over the Internet. The IoT 5G technologies can also be used in journalism and the primary focus is to increase M2M interaction of mass communication devices. One way it is “ubiquitous computing” can occur using any device, in any location, and in any format. The Internet of Things (IoT) is all about small cost sensors grabbing data to communicate with one device to another device using cloud solutions. Coming to the 5th generation mobile network. We have already started using 4G networks and as we know that, start with 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. The 5th generation network is going to enable an upcoming new network that will associate virtually every person globally connected and everything organized including IoT devices, objects and machines. Central communication and Journalism is the activity of gathering right information, evaluating, generating, and presenting broadcast information. It is high time to start using IOT Technology using 5th generation high-speed network connectivity devices to communicate or data transfer in the area of journalism. Keywords: IOT – Internet Of Things, 5G- Fifth Generation in data network, JMC – Journalism and Mass Communications, M2M – Machine to Machine, Cloud , Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning.

Influence of the high-speed railway (HSR) construction on industrial structure transformation

ABSTRACT By taking China’s high-speed railway (HSR) network construction as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper uses the trend score matching and double difference methods to analyse the industrial structure transformation industrial intelligence development of the Chinese prefectural cities under the influence of the policy for HSR from 2006 to 2018. The research shows that the urban high-speed rail network connection has a positive effect on the transformation and upgrading of urban industrial structure. However, despite lagging, the effect still exerts a significant long-term mechanism after its peak. Considering the locations, population sizes, and main functions of HSR cities in terms of space, their specific impact on industrial restructuring and the efficiency of industrial agglomeration and evolution vary. Overall, the construction of HSR could facilitate the cities with leading economies and exert a significant reinforcing effect on medium-sized cities. The western cities, small cities, and cities with industrial bases but underdeveloped service industries should better use the strong policies to promote local industrial transformation and upgrading under the long-term mechanism of HSR network construction.

A Hybrid Combination of LS-SVM and KPCA with Bat Algorithm for Intrusion Detection

Background: Intrusion Detection System refers to a kind of software which is designed for securing a network or an information system by alerting the administrators automatically when someone is trying to compromise the overall system through malicious activities. An intrusion is a process of causing a system to enter into an insecure state. Thus, an intruder is a person or an attacker who attempts to violate the security measures by interrupting the integrity and confidentiality of a system. Objective: Today, security threads are becoming big issues when working with high speed network connections, one solution is the intrusion detection system which promises to provide network security. This paper proposed Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) based on Bat Algorithm (BA) for intrusion detection. Methods: The proposed techniques have divided into two phases. In the first phase, KPCA is utilized as a preprocessing of LS-SVM to decrease the dimension of feature vectors and abbreviate preparing time with a specific end goal to decrease the noise caused by feature contrasts and enhance the implementation of LSSVM. In the second phase, least square support vector machine with a BA is applied for the classification of detection. BA utilizes programmed zooming to adjust investigation and abuse amid the hunting procedure. Finally, as per the ideal feature subset, the feature weights and the parameters of LS-SVM are optimized at the same time. Results: The proposed algorithm named is Kernel principal component analysis based least square support vector machine with bat algorithm (KPCA-BA-LS-SVM). To show the adequacy of proposed method, the tests are completed on KDD 99 dataset which is viewed as an accepted benchmark for assessing the execution of intrusions detection. Furthermore, our proposed hybridization method gets a sensible execution regarding precision and efficiency. Conclusion: A BA model with a novel hybrid KPCA-LS-SVM was proposed in this paper for intrusion detection system. The parameters for LS-SVM classifier are chosen with the usage of BA, the necessary features of intrusion detection data was separated using KPCA and the multi-layer SVM classifier. This classifier checks whether any activity encounters an attack. The N-RBF supports the Gaussian kernel work by measuring the preparation time and forwarding the LS-SVM classifiers execution. As future work, several algorithms should be developed by combing other available classification methods with kernel systems resulting in efficient planning of examination and online intrusion detection.

TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

In recent years technology has changed dramatically. Due to the increasing need and accessibility of technology, it has expanded the toolbox and provides opportunities to the teachers for using technology. Computer devices are considered to be the more powerful tools which have come in various forms. The internet helps connect those devices and can connect students in the classrooms, through schools or around the world. Now a day, there is an availability of computers and interactive boards in schools, and the schools were connected as well as to the whole world providing high-speed network connectivity. Technology present in schools in the form of tablet devices, smartphones, and laptop computers are now used as a part and parcel of the teaching-learning process. The objective of the current study is to provide information about various technological tools that help enhance the teaching and learning process. These tools can help the teachers in creating, manipulating, using and sharing information over the networks.

Edge-Assisted Short Video Sharing With Guaranteed Quality-of-Experience

As a rising star of social apps, short video apps, e.g., TikTok, have attracted a large number of mobile users by providing fresh and short video contents that highly match their watching preferences. Meanwhile, the booming growth of short video apps imposes new technical challenges on the existing computation and communication infrastructure. Traditional solutions maintain all videos on the cloud and stream them to users via contend delivery networks or the Internet. However, they incur huge network traffic and long delay that seriously affect users' watching experiences. In this paper, we propose an edge-assisted short video sharing framework to address these challenges by caching some videos highly preferred by users at edge servers that can be accessed by users via high-speed network connections. Since edge servers have limited computation and storage resources, we design an online algorithm with provable approximation ratio to decide which videos should be cached at edge servers, without the knowledge of future network quality and watching preferences changes. Furthermore, we improve the performance by jointly considering video fetching and user-edge association. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithms under various system settings, and the results show that our proposals outperform existing schemes.

Multi-hop convergent FSO-UWOC system to establish a reliable communication link between the islands

Most part of the earth is filled with water. Oceans hold around 97% of this water, and hence they are the heart of mother earth. People use these oceans for traveling, edibles, and communication. Many islands in this world consist of a large number of sub-islands. Establishing a communication link or a network between these sub-islands is highly challenging one. In this paper, we proposed a decode-and-forward multi-hop convergent free space optical — underwater wireless optical communication (FSO-UWOC) system for establishing high-speed network connectivity between the islands. The closed form expressions of outage probability of the differential phase shift keying (DPSK) based FSO-UWOC system over a Malaga distributed FSO channel and Gamma–Gamma distributed UWOC channel is derived. The results are analyzed and plotted for different weather conditions, turbulences and pointing errors of FSO and UWOC, respectively. The simulated results show that the proposed system will be useful in design of convergent UWOC-FSO system in coastal environments where the weather changes frequently such as clear, rain, haze etc.

Asymptotic bit error rate analysis of free space optical systems using spatial diversity

Free space optical (FSO) communication is used to provide very high speed network connection to end users, especially the last mile users thereby enabling cost-effective, fast and secure internet service to them. But the single input single output (SISO) connection is highly hampered by the atmospheric turbulence and pointing error of the link. As a solution to this problem, the spatial diversity technique can be used to improve the communication service. The bit error rate (BER) analysis for the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) is analyzed in this paper to study the performance improvement over the SISO case for the system over the generalized atmospheric turbulence channel known as the Málaga turbulence channel. A new expression for the BER in terms of the beta function is derived and the diversity gain and coding gain are obtained from the same.

Industry 4.0: The Rise of Automation and Digitalization

Industry 4.0 is the Industrial revolution’s new phase that is primarily based on high-speed network connection, automatic products, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and RTD (Real-Time Data). Here, 4.0 indicated the fourth revolution which started in 2011 from a project of the German government in the technology sector that will promote the computerization of data in manufacturing.(Rojko, 2017) In this, the information collected is delivered to everyone in microseconds. It plays vital in the company’s short-term as well as long-term functioning (in the supply chain(distribution), and manufacturing) and it provides ease in connecting all departments along with the staff together. It helps top-level management in monitoring the work of all departments and their employees. Further, components, benefits, disadvantages, Industry 4.0’ s scope in business, and its revolution will be briefly explained.

Cooperative Strategies for Challenged Networks and Applications: A Survey

Wireless ad hoc networks use mobile devices to deliver services supported by high-speed network connections and high-speed data transmissions in real time. These devices (network nodes) typically act as the network infrastructure to forward data to other nodes from a source to the destination. However, several constraints (e.g., processor, energy consumption, and bandwidth) affect the overall network performance. Cooperation strategies have been considered as a solution to such network limitations and constraints. Recent studies have presented cooperation mechanisms as a solution to unstable network infrastructures where mobile nodes cooperate with each other, forwarding data and performing all the networking functionalities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art on cooperation strategies and algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks and delay-tolerant networks. These challenged networks frequently comprise situations where traditional Internet protocols fail to effectively provide desired or expected communication. This paper focuses on cooperation incentive-based approaches for network architectures that support mobile devices and are challenged by mobility constraints such as battery and storage capacity, broadcast constraints, interferences, disconnections, noises, limited bandwidths, and network delays. The surveyed approaches' merits and weaknesses are discussed, and open issues are identified. Finally, conclusions are detailed.

Neuropsychological Test Administration by Videoconference: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of videoconference administration on adult neurocognitive tests. We investigated whether the scores acquired during a videoconference administration were different from those acquired during on-site administration. Relevant counterbalanced crossover studies were identified according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twelve studies met criteria for analysis. Included samples consisted of healthy adults as well as those with psychiatric or neurocognitive disorders, with mean ages ranging from 34 to 88 years. Heterogenous data precluded the interpretation of a summary effect for videoconference administration. Studies including particpants with a mean age of 65-75, as well as studies that utilized a high speed network connection, indicated consistent performance across videoconference and on-site conditions, however studies with older participants and slower connections were more variable. Subgroup analyses indicated that videoconference scores for untimed tasks and those allowing for repetition fell 1/10th of a standard deviation below on-site scores. Test specific analyses indicated that verbally-mediated tasks including digit span, verbal fluency, and list learning were not affected by videoconference administration. Scores for the Boston Naming Test fell 1/10th of a standard deviation below on-site scores. Heterogenous data precluded meaningful interpretation of tasks with a motor component. The administration of verbally-mediated tasks by qualified professionals using existing norms was supported, and the use of visually-dependent tasks may also be considered. Variability in previous studies indicates a need for further investigation of motor-dependent tasks. We recommend the development of clinical best practices for conducting neuropsychological assessments via videoconference, and advocate for reimbursement structures that allow consumers to benefit from the increased access, convenience, and cost-savings that remote assessment provides.

A Quality Based Power-Hump Mechanism for High Speed Network Connectivity of Mobile Devices in Digital Living Network Alliance Networks

Mobile devices are increasingly assuming an important role in “smart home” network environments. Although their computing, storage and networking capabilities have evolved significantly, these devices remain power-constrained and, therefore, there is need to actively take measures to minimize their power consumption. In this paper, we propose a Power Saving (PS) mechanism for mobile devices in Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) home networks, which allows them to conserve power without compromising their higher-layer functionality. The proposed mechanism introduces a level of indirection that abstracts the low-level low-power support of different wireless bearers and exposes a uniform interface to higher-layer entities, such as applications and Universal–Plugand-Play (UPP) agents. We define four abstract NC-PS modes and describe their mapping in the case of Bluetooth, a common wireless bearer for mobile devices, now supported in DLNA. Battery power is an important resource in Ad-hoc networks. It has been observed that in Ad-hoc networks, routing control messages and data transmission, these timers are set and refreshed on-demand. Nodes that are not involved in energy consumption do not reflect the communication activities in the network.

Installation of spectrally selective imaging system in RF negative ion source.

A spectrally selective imaging system has been installed in the RF negative ion source in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor-relevant negative ion beam test facility ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) to investigate distribution of hydrogen Balmer-α emission (Hα) close to the production surface of hydrogen negative ion. We selected a GigE vision camera coupled with an optical band-path filter, which can be controlled remotely using high speed network connection. A distribution of Hα emission near the bias plate has been clearly observed. The same time trend on Hα intensities measured by the imaging diagnostic and the optical emission spectroscopy is confirmed.