High-speed Ethernet Networks Research Articles

Mitigating Arc Flashes Using IEC 61850: Examining a Case at a Chemical and Refining Facility

This article describes the design, testing, and commissioning of modified low-voltage switchgear located in a major chemical and refining complex. The intent of the redesign was to significantly reduce the incident energy at the line and bus side of the low-voltage lineups. The company mandated that the incident energy should be reduced to Category 3 (25 cal/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or lower) at the low-voltage line side of the main breakers and to Category 2 (8 cal/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or lower) at the bus or load side of the low-voltage main breakers. To achieve the reduction of incident energy, new relaying schemes used arc-flash sensors and high-speed Ethernet networks with generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE) messaging to send protection and metering information to upstream relays. This article describes the efforts to modify the equipment, the demonstration tests to show that the protection scheme worked as expected, and the system commissioning.

RT 미들웨어와 고속 네트워크 기술을 이용한 시스템 통합에 관한 연구

본 논문에서는 고속의 이더넷 네트워크 기술을 이용한 하드웨어 통합 기술과 RT 미들웨어를 이용한 소프트웨어 통합 기술을 적용한 친환경 스마트 가전 기기들을 효과적으로 통합하고 운용하는 기술 방법에 대하여 제시한다. 또한 고속 이더넷을 이용한 분산 하드웨어 장치들의 통합 및 RT 미들웨어 기술을 이용한 소프트웨어 통합 기술을 기술하고, 고속 이더넷 기술과 RT 미들웨어 기술을 적용한 친환경 스마트 홈 가전기기의 통합 관리 시스템을 구현한다. In this paper, we propose effective integration and operation methods for environment-friendly smart home appliance which are applying hardware integration technology using high speed Ethernet network technology and software integration technology using RT middleware. We also describe the integration of distributed hardware device by using high speed Ethernet and software integration technology by using RT middleware. We implement the integration management system of environment-friendly smart home appliance applying high speed Ethernet and RT middleware technology.

A system for collection and on-line integration of X-ray diffraction data from a multiwire area detector

A system for collecting and measuring X-ray diffraction data from protein crystals has been developed for a multiwire area detector. Computer programs run concurrently on two microcomputers, which collect and reduce detector data to integrated intensities. The self-contained system consists of an X-ray area detector, a rotation/oscillation camera, and two microcomputers connected by a high-speed Ethernet network. One microcomputer is dedicated to operation of the detector, control of the camera, and storage of the raw data. The second microcomputer automatically integrates the data as they are collected and allows the user to monitor the quality of data as they are processed. The integration programs are written in Fortran 77 and have been designed to be portable. Additional programs for crystal alignment, detector and camera control, and graphics are written in the C programming language. A description of the system, some characteristics of the detector, and the results of data collection are presented.