High-speed Acquisition Research Articles

Comprehensive assessment of imaging quality of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing-based MR images in routine clinical settings

BackgroundConventional MR acceleration techniques, such as compressed sensing, parallel imaging, and half Fourier often face limitations, including noise amplification, reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased susceptibility to artifacts, which can compromise image quality, especially in high-speed acquisitions. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) has emerged as a novel approach that combines the conventional techniques with advanced AI algorithms. The objective of this study was to examine the imaging quality of the ACS approach by qualitative and quantitative analysis for brain, spine, kidney, liver, and knee MR imaging, as well as compare the performance of this method with conventional (non-ACS) MR imaging.MethodsThis study included 50 subjects. Three radiologists independently assessed the quality of MR images based on artefacts, image sharpness, overall image quality and diagnostic efficacy. SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), edge content (EC), enhancement measure (EME), scanning time were used for quantitative evaluation. The Cohen’s kappa correlation coefficient (k) was employed to measure radiologists’ inter-observer agreement, and the Mann Whitney U-test used for comparison between non-ACS and ACS.ResultsThe qualitative analysis of three radiologists demonstrated that ACS images showed superior clinical information than non-ACS images with a mean k of ~ 0.70. The images acquired with ACS approach showed statistically higher values (p < 0.05) for SNR, CNR, EC, and EME compared to the non-ACS images. Furthermore, the study’s findings indicated that ACS-enabled images reduced scan time by more than 50% while maintaining high imaging quality.ConclusionIntegrating ACS technology into routine clinical settings has the potential to speed up image acquisition, improve image quality, and enhance diagnostic procedures and patient throughput.

Flocculation of fiber suspensions studied by Rheo-OCT

When dealing with papermaking fiber suspensions, particle flocculation takes place even before the paper web is formed. The particle flocculation depends on several aspects, including particle mass concentration (consistency), particle collisions, electrochemical interactions promoted by chemical additives, etc. Due to its impor-tance, fiber suspension flocculation has been studied for a long time in papermaking, and several methods have been developed for this purpose. The traditional techniques include, for example, focused beam reflectance micros-copy (FBRM) and high-speed video imaging (HSVI). Recently, a new optical method, optical coherence tomography (OCT), has emerged for flocculation analysis. The advantages of OCT are the possibility to study opaque suspensions, its micron-level resolution, and its high data acquisition speed. The OCT measurements can be combined with rheological (Rheo) measurements, allowing simul-taneous measurement of both the time evolution of the floc size and the suspension viscosity. In this work, we used this approach, Rheo-OCT, to study the flocculation of suspensions of various papermaking furnishes. We analyzed the time evolution of the floc size and the fiber suspension viscosity when the studied paper-making suspensions were treated with highly refined furnish (HRF) — a furnish that contained a significant amount of micofibrillated cellulose (MFC)-type fibrils — and/or chemical additives. Such studies can lead to a better under-standing of the impact of flocculation on the produced paper web in terms of qualities like formation, drainage potential, and strength behavior.

Investigating lubricant behavior in a partially flooded tapered roller bearing: Validation of a multiphase CFD solver for aerated oil sump via particle image velocimetry studies and high-speed camera acquisitions

In the recent years, the efficacy of utilizing sapphire outer rings as a viable tool for experimentally observing oil flows within rolling bearings has been demonstrated. However, in previous studies, such approach was applied under fully-flooded lubrication conditions exclusively. This paper presents the outcomes of observations and measurements conducted under oil-bath lubrication conditions of a vertical-axis Tapered Roller Bearing (TRB). The experimental work encompasses four operational speeds ranging from 1000 min−1 to 2500 min−1, and two oil levels, i.e. 10% and 100% of the bearing width. Pictures were captured using an High-Speed Camera (HSC) for a qualitative inspection. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted for a quantitative assessment of the oil velocity fields. The findings reveal specific lubricant flows, highlight aeration, and show particular vorticity patterns that intensify with increasing speed. These experimentally obtained results align with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations conducted using a specially developed model in OpenFOAM®, leveraging a solver that accounts for aeration.

Foveal avascular zone area measurement in diabetic patients: Superficial, deep or combined retinal vascular complex?

PurposeTo compare differences in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, measured in the Superficial Vascular Complex (SVC), Deep Vascular Complex (DVC) and a combined analysis of both (SDVC), using two Spectral Domain OCT angiography (OCT-A) protocols, High Speed (HS) and High Resolution (HR). MethodsA total of 26 eyes of diabetic patients, with and without macular oedema, were examined with two different fovea centered OCT-A volume scans. The two protocols were HS and HR volume scans, and the foveal avascular zone was manually measured in the SVC, DVC, and SDVC slabs by two masked investigators. Inter and intraoperator variability was analysed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and differences were compared between the HR and HS acquisitions throughout the different vascular slabs. ResultsIntraoperator variability was low in all slabs (ICC > 0.9) and interoperator variability was lower for HR (ICC 0.835–0.911) compared to HS (ICC between 0.604 and 0.865). Comparing HS and HR measurements for the same slab, the correlation was only moderate in SVC and DVC (ICC was 0.640 and 0.568 respectively) but was good in the SDVC (ICC = 0.823). FAZ area measurement in SDVC also showed the smallest bias (mean difference 0.009 mm2) and the narrowest limits of agreement (−0.175 to 0.193 mm2). ConclusionsEven in cases of diabetic macular oedema, when measuring the FAZ area, the reproducibility was better between HS and HR protocols when using the SDVC slab, compared to the SVC or DVC slabs alone. Further studies should evaluate the use of the combined SDVC slab for the FAZ assessment, compared to the SVC and DVC slabs alone, in the detection and progression of different retinal diseases.

Ultra high-speed 3D shape measurement technology for specular surfaces based on μPMD

Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) has been extensively applied to measure specular surfaces due to its non-contact, high-precision, full-field measurement capabilities. Liquid crystal display (LCD) screen is the most common structured light source in PMD. However, the response time of liquid crystal molecules limits its frame rate to around 100 frames per second (fps). Therefore, it is quite difficult for traditional PMD to measure rapidly moving surfaces. This paper proposes a 3D dynamic sensing technique, microsecond-PMD (µPMD) based on the high-frame-rate sinusoidal fringe display (HSFD). In the proposed method, the switching time for each fringe pattern display is at a sub-microsecond level, enabling high-speed fringe acquisition with kHz-level area array detection or 100kHz-level line array scanning. The HSFD method uses a specially designed LED array and two-step optical expansion. The high-speed switching characteristic of LED sources is utilized to allow a superfast display rate. Moreover, the superior sinusoidal property can be achieved by the combination of the specially designed discrete sinusoidal LED array, the light-diffracting effect of orthogonal gratings, and the filtering effect of the light diffuser. The mechanism and analytic model of fringe generation are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in this work. Furthermore, the swarm optimization algorithm and corresponding weighted fringe quality evaluation function are presented to obtain the optimal fringes. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed µPMD, for the first time, achieved a superfast fringe acquisition rate of 4000fps with sub-micrometer precision in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for specular surfaces. We envision this proposal to be broadly implemented for real-time monitoring in manufacturing.

The structural-mechanical damage behavior of rice bran layer under tensile processing for moderate milling

Bran layer moderate removal during rice milling is a crucial process for reducing rice broken rate and nutrient loss. The bran layer structural-cracking behavior is analyzed using a self-developed in-situ observation tensile tester with high-speed image acquisition. The rice bran tissue microstructure, chemical composition, cracking morphology are in-depth investigated. The results show that rice bran pericarp cells are of reticulate network, cell shape with rectangular or elliptical.significant differences in cell distribution and density across rice varieties, with Japonica rice (NJ5055) with a denser and more uniform structure, exhibiting higher ductility and tensile strength. The rice bran exhibited linear elastic rheological behavior. The bran tensile property is different under tensing directions, the tensile strength shows longitudinal (Y) > radial (X). Cracking along the cell long axis is Y direction, showing orderly line cracking path. Cracking along cell short axis is X direction, showing zigzag cracking path. Pericarp cells geometrical structure determines the mechanical strength and cracking-removal resistance ability of rice bran. The pericarp layer significantly enhances the ductility of the bran layer, allowing it to stretch and deform under stress, thereby improving overall mechanical performance. Rice bran structural-mechanical properties are affected by micro-structure and components.

Collision adhesion law of oil Droplets-Bubbles with different particle sizes in free floating

The treatment of oily wastewater has become a serious problem in the late stage of oilfield development. At the same time, it is of great significance to the improvement of ecological environment. As the key process of oil-bearing wastewater treatment, the study on the binding and adhesion law of oil droplets and bubbles in flotation and its related mechanism can provide reference for its application. Using a double high-speed camera acquisition system, the floating process and collision adhesion law of oil droplets and bubbles in a vertical transparent circular tube were experimentally studied, and the collision adhesion process of oil droplets (0.721 ∼ 3.759 mm) and bubbles (0.797 ∼ 2.886 mm) in different diameters were analysed. It is concluded that the oil droplet and the bubble collide with each other, and then the bubble slides along the surface of the oil droplet, and a neck shape appears at the end of the contact site, and then the neck increases with the diffusion of the oil droplet to form an oil-bubble adhesion body. And the process of elastic drags and contraction separation of the mixture is also demonstrated. It is found that the combination of oil droplets and bubbles with different diameters will have two types of collision adhesion modes, which oil droplet type and oil film type, respectively. Therefore, the diameter ratio of oil droplets and bubbles is a key factor, and when the diameter ratio is greater than 0.75, the adhesion mode of the adhesive body changes from unstable oil droplet type to more stable oil film type.

Dosing interval of coagulant and flocculant influences settling behavior of coal slime

ABSTRACT Using the high-speed motion acquisition system, we studied the settling process of the coal flocs under different addition interval time. The gray value and zeta potential of supernatant generally increased as the interval time increased, proving the effect of interval time on coal slime sedimentation. Furthermore, the interval time 25 s presented the smallest floc amount. The floc size and zeta potential were measured via the inverted fluorescence microscope and the micro electrophoresis, respectively. The interval time 25 s presented the fastest settling velocity. The floc amount in supernatant roughly decreased as the zeta potential increased. The settling velocity decreased with the settling time. The results can provide valuable insight into the development of technology for coal slime sedimentation.

Recent advances in protein precipitation-based methods for drug-target screening

Drug targets are biological macromolecules that bind drug molecules in vivo. Therefore, the system-wide identification of drug targets plays a vital role in fully understanding the mechanism of drug action, efficacy, and side effects. The unbiased screening of drug targets may accelerate the process of drug discovery and candidate screening. Mass spectrometry is a key tool for large-scale protein identification and accurate quantification owing to its high acquisition speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been widely used for drug-target screening. It can systematically identify the protein-target landscape of a drug and elucidate drug-protein interactions. Commonly used drug-target characterization methods, such as labeling-based affinity enrichment, require the chemical derivatization of drug molecules, which is not only time-consuming but may also affect the affinity of the drug towards its targets. Furthermore, the spatial effects of the derivatization groups may block interactions between the drug and its targets. Considering the disadvantages of affinity-enrichment methods, strategies that do not require chemical derivatization have received widespread attention. Proteins may undergo denaturation, unfolding, and precipitation under different conditions such as high temperatures, extreme pH, denaturants, and mechanical stress. Binding to small-molecule drugs may alter the folding balance of target proteins. The conformational stability of target proteins can be stabilized by binding with drugs, and protein-drug complexes are more resistant than free proteins to the precipitation induced by different conditions. Based on this mechanism, various large-scale drug-target identification methods using protein precipitation have been developed by combining proteomics and mass spectrometry analysis, including thermal proteome profiling and solvent-, mechanical stress-, and pH-induced protein precipitation. These methods have been successfully applied to the characterization of small-molecule drug targets. In this review, we describe the protein precipitation-based methods used for the high-throughput discovery of drug targets and elucidation of the interactions between drugs and proteins in the past decade. We also summarize the characteristics of each method and discuss their application potential in drug-efficacy evaluation and drug discovery.

Method of field measurement of electromagnetic environment of high speed maglev train

Abstract In order to reduce the complexity of the magnetic field test of maglev trains and improve the accuracy of measurement data, this paper proposes a field measurement method of maglev train radiation emission based on high-speed parallel adaptive filter denoising technology. This measurement method is not limited by special measurement sites, and has the characteristics of high-speed measurement, real-time data processing, and large-capacity data storage. It breaks through the technical bottleneck of the traditional measurement system. The electromagnetic radiation emission of high-speed maglev trains is measured in real-time through multi-antenna synchronous measurement technology, and multi-channel high-speed RF signal measurement and acquisition of external signals are further carried out by blind source separation technology, environmental pre-scanning is carried out, environmental interference characteristics are obtained through feature statistics, and the radiation signal to be measured is estimated by blind source separation algorithm. It helps to achieve the purpose of accurately measuring the electromagnetic radiation emission of high-speed maglev trains. Through field testing, the denoising performance of the method reached 20 dB. Through field testing, the denoising performance of the method reached 20 dB.

Analysis of arc stability of plasma main arc and inter-wire arc in skew-coupling arc welding

By adjusting the inter-wire arc (IWA) posture, the skew-coupling arc (SCA) is proposed to address the polar effect in the cross arc, enabling decoupling control of heat, force, and mass transfer. Despite the advancement, the arc stabilization mechanism in the SCA remains poorly understood, hindering its application as a heat source in welding or additive manufacturing. To elucidate this mechanism, various influencing factors such as power supply characteristics, shielding gas composition, IWA posture, and plasma main arc (PMA) were analyzed. An electrical signal and high-speed camera synchronous acquisition system was utilized to analyze current-voltage waveforms and arc shapes. The results indicate that the arc stability of the SCA can be enhanced by ensuring specific external conditions. Constant voltage power supply enhances the self-regulating effect of the IWA, maintaining the IWA and the PMA in a hybrid state at all times. Introducing an oxidizing gas to the shielding gas can effectively suppress cathode spot climbing and stabilize the IWA. The vertical spacing between wires directly impacts the PMA deflection, while the wire horizontal angle has a lesser effect. The heat-regulating effect of the PMA column boosts the arc length regulation by the IWA. The current and the ion gas flow rate in the PMA minimally influence the SCA stability. These findings can provide a solid foundation for further applications of the SCA as heat source.

Rockfall susceptibility analysis of the “San Michele Arcangelo” historic trail (Central Italy) based on virtual outcrops and multiple propagation models

The “San Michele Arcangelo” historic trail (Aurunci Regional Park, central Italy), located along the southern slope of Mt. Altino, which is highly prone to rockfalls, is hiked every year by thousands of faithful on pilgrimage who are exposed to such kinds of instabilities. To contribute to a better understanding of the condition and evolution of such phenomena, providing a susceptibility scenario able to support the adoption of mitigation measures, a specific analysis was completed based on field and literature data. Three-dimensional virtual outcrop models were obtained through both photogrammetric and iPad Pro LiDAR surveys to derive geomechanical features of outcropping rocks and estimate potential detaching block volume. Possible mechanisms of detachment were then analyzed using the Markland test method. Susceptibility to rockfall propagation and block deposition was analyzed using GIS processing and rockfall propagation simulations based on deterministic/stochastic models. Such models consist of a combination of a deterministic algorithm able to simulate the physics of rockfall movement during propagation and a stochastic treatment of input parameters based on random sampling within defined interval. Two different rockfall simulations were compared in this study using the Rockyfor3D™ (ecorisQ Association) software and the newly developed RocFall3© (RocScience) code. The use of iPad Pro LiDAR survey provides accurate and high-resolution point clouds, with high speed of acquisition and real-time processing of data. Discontinuity sets identified from 3D models have represented the input for kinematic analyses of slopes, allowing to identify potential failure mechanisms among wedge and planar sliding or toppling. Rockfall simulations indicate the potential for rock blocks propagation and deposition over the whole study area. Comparing the results of rockfall simulations with the geomorphological map of the area it is evident the control exerted by the hydrographic network on rockfall propagation as demonstrated by the presence of screes and slope deposits along the main channels. Understanding the potential susceptibility to both propagation and deposition of rock blocks along the trail provides useful indication for the assessment of appropriate mitigation measures to realize for the safer touristic fruition of the site.

Line-field dynamic optical coherence tomography platform for volumetric assessment of biological tissues.

Dynamic optical coherence tomography (dOCT) utilizes time-dependent signal intensity fluctuations to enhance contrast in OCT images and indirectly probe physiological processes in cells. Majority of the dOCT studies published so far are based on acquisition of 2D images (B-scans or C-scans) by utilizing point-scanning Fourier domain (spectral or swept-source) OCT or full-field OCT respectively, primarily due to limitations in the image acquisition rate. Here we introduce a novel, high-speed spectral domain line-field dOCT (SD-LF-dOCT) system and image acquisition protocols designed for fast, volumetric dOCT imaging of biological tissues. The imaging probe is based on an exchangeable afocal lens pair that enables selection of combinations of transverse resolution (from 1.1 µm to 6.4 µm) and FOV (from 250 × 250 µm2 to 1.4 × 1.4 mm2), suitable for different biomedical applications. The system offers axial resolution of ∼ 1.9 µm in biological tissue, assuming an average refractive index of 1.38. Maximum sensitivity of 90.5 dB is achieved for 3.5 mW optical imaging power at the tissue surface and maximum camera acquisition rate of 2,000 fps. Volumetric dOCT images acquired with the SD-LF-dOCT system from plant tissue (cucumber), animal tissue (mouse liver) and human prostate carcinoma spheroids allow for volumetric visualization of the tissues' cellular and sub-cellular structures and assessment of cellular motility.

Hardware and Software Design of Programmable Medium and High-Speed Data Acquisition (DAQ) Board of Fiber Optic Signal for Partial Discharge Acquisition

The anti-electromagnetic interference capability of partial discharge (PD) acoustic signal conversion and collection circuits severely restrict the sensitivity of PD detection. The data acquisition (DAQ) systems available in the current market are costly and have limited functionality, making it difficult to satisfy the acquisition requirements for PD detection. This paper proposes a medium to high-speed fiber optic signal acquisition board with an adjustably controlled sampling rate and filter cutoff frequency. The circuit achieves a higher signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio by distributing the noise in each part of the signal acquisition chain reasonably. The temperature characteristics of the acquisition module are improved by utilizing the programmable T-type structure for transimpedance amplification of photocurrent. The DAQ card performs data acquisition and processing using STM32H743 internal ADC and caches data in bulk with an SRAM and SD card. A data uploading method based on time reference has been proposed, which enables full, effective information signal upload through a low-cost transmission interface. The research ultimately achieves a stable sampling of three channels at 1 MSps, SNR of 63 dB, and programmable gain amplification of the photocurrent with 0–60 dB. Finally, the system is used for PD acoustic signal acquisition in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 100 kHz.

High-speed optical imaging with sCMOS pixel reassignment

Fluorescence microscopy has undergone rapid advancements, offering unprecedented visualization of biological events and shedding light on the intricate mechanisms governing living organisms. However, the exploration of rapid biological dynamics still poses a significant challenge due to the limitations of current digital camera architectures and the inherent compromise between imaging speed and other capabilities. Here, we introduce sHAPR, a high-speed acquisition technique that leverages the operating principles of sCMOS cameras to capture fast cellular and subcellular processes. sHAPR harnesses custom fiber optics to convert microscopy images into one-dimensional recordings, enabling acquisition at the maximum camera readout rate, typically between 25 and 250 kHz. We have demonstrated the utility of sHAPR with a variety of phantom and dynamic systems, including high-throughput flow cytometry, cardiomyocyte contraction, and neuronal calcium waves, using a standard epi-fluorescence microscope. sHAPR is highly adaptable and can be integrated into existing microscopy systems without requiring extensive platform modifications. This method pushes the boundaries of current fluorescence imaging capabilities, opening up new avenues for investigating high-speed biological phenomena.

Development of an Optical System for Strain Drop Measurement of Osteosarcoma Cells on Substrates with Different Stiffness.

Adherent cells perceive mechanical feedback from the underlying matrix and convert it into biochemical signals through a process known as mechanotransduction. The response to changes in the microenvironment relies on the cell's mechanical properties, including elasticity, which was recently identified as a biomarker for various diseases. Here, we propose the design, development, and characterization of a new system for the measurement of adherent cells' strain drop, a parameter correlated with cells' elasticity. To consider the interplay between adherent cells and the host extracellular matrix, cell stretching was combined with adhesion on substrates with different stiffnesses. The technique is based on the linear stretching of silicone chambers, high-speed image acquisition, and feedback for image centering. The system was characterized in terms of the strain homogeneity, impact of collagen coating, centering capability, and sensitivity. Subsequently, it was employed to measure the strain drop of two osteosarcoma cell lines, low-aggressive osteoblast-like SaOS-2 and high-aggressive 143B, cultured on two different substrates to recall the stiffness of the bone and lung extracellular matrices. Results demonstrated good substrate homogeneity, a negligible effect of the collagen coating, and an accurate image centering. Finally, the experimental results showed an average strain drop that was lower in the 143B cells in comparison with the SaOS-2 cells in all the tested conditions.

Single-sample image-fusion upsampling of fluorescence lifetime images.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) provides detailed information about molecular interactions and biological processes. A major bottleneck for FLIM is image resolution at high acquisition speeds due to the engineering and signal-processing limitations of time-resolved imaging technology. Here, we present single-sample image-fusion upsampling, a data-fusion approach to computational FLIM super-resolution that combines measurements from a low-resolution time-resolved detector (that measures photon arrival time) and a high-resolution camera (that measures intensity only). To solve this otherwise ill-posed inverse retrieval problem, we introduce statistically informed priors that encode local and global correlations between the two "single-sample" measurements. This bypasses the risk of out-of-distribution hallucination as in traditional data-driven approaches and delivers enhanced images compared, for example, to standard bilinear interpolation. The general approach laid out by single-sample image-fusion upsampling can be applied to other image super-resolution problems where two different datasets are available.

Determine the location of acoustic emission source on wood surface by using a wavelet-energy attenuation method

ABSTRACT To determine the location of wood damage and fracture, an acoustic emission source localization method based on wavelet-energy attenuation law was proposed. High-speed acquisition equipment and LabVIEW software were used to design a three-channel AE signal acquisition system. The wavelet transform is used to decompose the original signals into five frequency levels, and the second, third, and fourth level were selected for reconstruction of the acoustic emission signal. Finally, the reconstructed signals was used to determine the location of the acoustic emission source in accordance with the energy attenuation law. The results indicated that when the distance between the three sensors were 100 and 200 mm, the average location error obtained using the original signals in accordance with the energy attenuation law was 12.6 and 18.4 mm, respectively. However, the average location error obtained using the reconstructed signals in accordance with the energy attenuation law was 2.2 and 6.9 mm, respectively. These results reveal that the proposed method can achieve high-precision localization of acoustic emission source. This research enrich and expand the content of AE technology and wooden building research, provide new ideas and methods for non-destructive testing of similar structures, and promote research progress in related fields..

A Real-Time Monitoring Method for Selective Laser Melting of TA1 Materials Based on Radiation Detection of a Molten Pool.

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is a promising additive manufacturing technology. However, due to the numerous influencing factors in this complex process, a reliable real-time method is needed to monitor the forming process of SLM. The molten pool is the smallest forming unit in the SLM process, the consistency of which can effectively reflect the quality of the printing process. By using a coaxial optical path structure and a compound amplifier circuit, high-speed acquisition of molten pool radiation can be realized. Next, single factor analysis and orthogonal experimentation were used to investigate the influence levels of key process parameters on the radiation of molten pool. In addition, numerical simulation was carried out with the same parameter setting schemes, the results of which are consistent with those in radiation detection experiments. It is shown that the laser power has the greatest effect on the radiation of the molten pool, while the scanning speed and the hatch spacing have little effect on the radiation. Finally, the positioning experiment involving the small hole structure was carried out, and the experimental results showed that the device could accurately locate the position coordinates of the given hole structure.

Visualization of Cataract Surgery Steps With 4D Microscope-Integrated Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Ex Vivo Porcine Eyes.

To investigate the visualization capabilities of high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in cataract surgery. Cataract surgery was simulated in wet labs with ex vivo porcine eyes. Each phase of the surgery was visualized with a novel surgical microscope-integrated SS-OCT with a variable imaging speed of over 1 million A-scans per second. It was designed to provide four-dimensional (4D) live-volumetric videos, live B-scans, and volume capture scans. Four-dimensional videos, B-scans, and volume capture scans of corneal incision, ophthalmic viscosurgical device injection, capsulorrhexis, phacoemulsification, intraocular lens (IOL) injection, and position of unfolded IOL in the capsular bag were recorded. The flexibility of the SS-OCT system allowed us to tailor the scanning parameters to meet the specific demands of dynamic surgical steps and static pauses. The entire length of the eye was recorded in a single scan, and unfolding of the IOL was visualized dynamically. The presented novel visualization method for fast ophthalmic surgical microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT imaging in cataract surgery allowed the visualization of all major steps of the procedure by achieving large imaging depths covering the entire eye and high acquisition speeds enabling live volumetric 4D-OCT imaging. This promising technology may become an integral part of routine and advanced robotic-assisted cataract surgery in the future. We demonstrate the visualization capabilities of a cutting edge swept-source OCT system integrated into an ophthalmic surgical microscope during cataract surgery.