Higher Self-reliance Research Articles

Does help-seeking mediate the relationship between the masculine norm of self-reliance and suicidal thoughts among men?

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the masculine norm of self-reliance and suicidal thoughts among Australian men, hypothesising that lack of help-seeking might mediate the relationship between high self-reliance and the emergence of suicidal thoughts. This study used data from on the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health 'Ten to Men', a prospective longitudinal cohort study that began in 2013/2014 with boys and men aged 10-55 years (N = 16,021) at wave 1. The focus was on men who participated in waves 1 and 2 (2013/2014, 2015/2016) and had linked administrative data. A causal mediation analysis was conducted to quantify the total effect of self-reliance at wave 1 on suicidal thoughts at wave 2, and to investigate the extent of mediation by help-seeking between waves 1 and 2. High self-reliance was associated with an increased odds of suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.24-1.72). However, there was no significant mediating effect of a lack of help-seeking on the relationship between self-reliance and suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Findings suggest that highly self-reliant men are at an increased risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts; however, this relationship is not explained by lack of help-seeking. Future studies could explore other potential mechanisms to better understand why highly self-reliant men are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts.

Autonomy versus support: self-reliance and help-seeking for mental health problems in young people

PurposeMany young people with mental ill-health do not seek support, and developmental growth in self-reliance may be a barrier to help-seeking. Increasing autonomy is a positive developmental task for youth and a key aspect of resilience. This study examined the influence of perceived social support and resilience on the previously unexamined relationship between self-reliance and intentions to seek help from informal, professional, and self-help sources for mental health problems.MethodsAn online survey was completed by a representative Australian community sample of 5,203 young people aged 12–25 years (half female), in May–June 2020.ResultsPath analysis showed the hypothesised conceptual model did not fit the data well, but a modified model was a good fit. Higher self-reliance was associated with lower intentions to seek informal and professional help, as expected, but not with greater intentions for self-help. The relationship between self-reliance and informal help-seeking intentions was fully mediated by perceived social support, whereas the relationship between self-reliance and professional help-seeking was also direct. Perceived social support fully mediated the relationship between self-reliance and resilience. Intentions to use self-help were not influenced by variables in the study, but higher self-help intentions were associated with higher professional help-seeking intentions. Associations were consistent across age and gender groups.ConclusionThe results show the critical role of social support for combating some of the unhelpful aspects of self-reliance for mental health help-seeking in young people. Future research should explore how self-reliance can hinder or be harnessed to facilitate accessing appropriate mental health.

The Gender Paradox: Understanding the Role of Masculinity in Suicidal Ideation.

It is important to understand the role of social determinants, such as gender, in suicidal ideation. This study examined whether conformity to specific masculine norms, particularly high self-reliance and emotional self-control, moderated the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal ideation for men. The other norms explored were those pertaining to behavioral–emotional or social hierarchy status aspects of masculinity, and whether they moderated the psychological distress–suicidal ideation relationship for men and women. The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale were administered to an Australian community sample in an online survey (n = 486). As predicted, higher psychological distress was associated with higher suicidal ideation. Self-reliance enhanced the relationship and was the only moderator among men. High self-reliance levels might be an important indicator of risk, which can be used when assessing and working with men who are hesitant to openly discuss suicidal ideation with clinicians. For female participants, higher endorsement of behavioral–emotional norms and lower conformity to social hierarchy status norms appear to increase suicide risk in the presence of psychological distress. Our findings suggest that high self-reliance is of particular concern for men experiencing psychological distress. It is also important to consider the roles of masculine norm endorsement in the psychological distress–suicidal ideation relationship among women.

A PENERAPAN BLENDED LEARNING BERBASIS WEB COURSE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL

In today's millenial era, people should be able to learn anywhere and anytime. In fact, what is meant is to study group or learn individually. But the reality in the field shows that the learning used still applies traditional learning, namely classroom-based learning with teachers as information centers. Teachers are also asked to be able to adapt to current conditions by combining learning with the progress of communication and information technology that is developing today. Learning models, media, and attitudes that support the above statements are blended learning, google classroom application media, and high self-reliance owned by students. The purpose of this research is to improve the learning independence skills of learners through the application of blended learning models. The research instruments used are observation sheets of blended learning methods, observation sheets of student activities, self-reliance questionnaires and student response questionnaires. Data retrieval techniques in this study using observation methods, tests and questionnaires. Based on data analysis obtained on learning devices, normalized gain calculation, quality of blended learning method implementation, and student response questionnaires get excellent results. In the calculation of normalized gain calculations get a score of 0.794 from these results, the independence of students' learning belongs to a high category. From these results, it can be concluded that students are very interested in blended learning methods that have been applied so as to increase the independence of learning of grade VIII students in the two-variable Linear Equation System material.

“Don’t bother about me.” The grief and mental health of bereaved adolescents

ABSTRACTDeath of a relative or friend is a potentially disruptive event in the lives of adolescents. To provide targeted help, it is crucial to understand their grief and mental health experiences. Thematic analysis of 39 semistructured telephone interviews yielded two themes: Grieving apart together and Personal growth. High self-reliance and selective sharing were common. Feelings of guilt and “why” questions seemed more pronounced among the suicide bereaved. There was strong evidence of personal growth, increased maturity, and capacity to deal with personal mental health/suicidality. Despite its devastating effects, experiencing a death can be a catalyst for positive mental health.

Factors Influencing Professional Help-Seeking for Suicidality.

Evidence suggests that the majority of people with suicidality do not seek help. Little systematic evaluation of factors influencing professional help-seeking has been done. To systematically evaluate the factors that influence professional help-seeking for suicidality. Published quantitative and qualitative studies in Medline and PsycInfo databases were reviewed following PRISMA. In all, 55 relevant studies were identified. Of these, 15 studies examined professional help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation, among people with or without suicidality; 21 studies examined professional help-seeking behavior among people with suicidality; and 19 studies examined suicidal decedents' health services use. Several potential important barriers were identified including high self-reliance, lack of perceived need for treatment, and stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide, toward mental health issues, and toward seeking professional treatment. The presence of suicidality and mental health issues was found to generally decrease help-seeking intentions for perceived suicidal ideation while facilitating actual service use. Social support and informal support from family and friends also played an important role in professional help-seeking. Although the majority of the included studies were of sound quality, some of the factors identified in the review were assessed in relatively few studies, and most of the included studies were conducted in industrialized countries. Further quantitative and qualitative studies examining the potential important factors in broader community samples, especially in developing countries, are needed.

An analysis of personality traits of Chinese military medical peacekeepers in Lebanon

In this study the Chinese version of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF; Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970; Dai & Zhu, 1988) was used to investigate the personality traits of 59 Chinese medical peacekeepers in Lebanon. Survey data were compared among 59 peacekeepers, 62 military personnel (control group 1), and 58 medical workers (control group 2). The social boldness, and abstractedness scores of peacekeepers were significantly lower than those of the military and medical worker groups. A secondary factor analysis of the 16PF revealed that the cowardice/decision scores of the peacekeeper group were between the scores of the other 2 groups. The peacekeepers showed lower warmth, social boldness, and abstractedness and higher self-reliance in personality traits. The results suggest that for future peacekeeping missions psychological personality selection should be conducted to recruit military personnel with higher scores of warmth and lower scores for self-reliance.

Behavioral Change of Self Help Group Members- An Effort by Non-Governmental Organization

A study was conducted in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu to study the behavioural changes of members of Self Help Groups of Association of Sarva Seva Farms (ASSEFA). Following multi- stage random sampling, data were collected from 270 respondents. The tools of analysis like mean, frequency, and percentage analysis; chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. The results revealed that SHGs promoted by Non-Governmental Organization brought high self-reliance, self-esteem, credit orientation, among the members and they were better empowered in economic aspects than the rest of the society.

Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions: A Social Work Response to Meet Needs of Health Care Surrogates

Surrogates must possess essential patient information prior to legitimately exercising legal and moral obligations to act on patients' medical care preferences. This descriptive, in vivo study examined factors influencing surrogate and proxy decisions (N = 132) following life-sustaining treatment decisions. Patient communication and self-efficacy variables accounted for approximately 38% of the variance in surrogates' perceptions of benefits/barriers associated with decision making. Guided by patients' advanced communication, respondents (97.8%) expressed high self-reliance and significant appreciation of benefits associated with their decisions. Clarifying surrogates' and providers' understanding of patient care preferences during ICU/CCU admission may facilitate better adherence to patient wishes.

Mothers' and fathers' support for child autonomy and early school achievement.

Data were analyzed from 641 children and their families in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to test the hypotheses that in the early school years, mothers' and fathers' sensitive support for autonomy in observed parent-child interactions would each make unique predictions to children's reading and math achievement at Grade 3 (controlling for demographic variables), children's reading and math abilities at 54 months, and children's level of effortful control at 54 months and that these associations would be mediated by the level of and changes over time in children's observed self-reliance in the classroom from Grades 1 through 3. The authors found that mothers' and fathers' support for autonomy were significantly and uniquely associated with children's Grade 3 reading and math achievement with the above controls, but only for boys. For boys, the effect of mothers' support for child autonomy was mediated by higher self-reliance at Grade 1 and of fathers' support for child autonomy by greater increases in self-reliance from Grades 1 through 3.

The Negative Association of Independent Personality and Medication Adherence

This investigation examines the association of personality factors and medication adherence among older adults. The Six-Factor Personality Questionnaire was mailed to participants involved in a medication adherence investigation. Medication adherence was monitored with an electronic monitoring cap for 8 weeks for one prescribed daily medication. Sixty older adults, mean age 77 years (range 67 to 93 years), returned the questionnaire (69% response rate). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrates that when age and level of education are controlled, independence predicts medication adherence. This factor demonstrates a negative relationship with adherence suggesting that higher levels of independence may be related to lower adherence to prescribed medication. The facet component self-reliance is predictive of poor medication adherence. The finding that higher self-reliance is associated with lower adherence in an older population deserves further investigation and clinical consideration.