High School Students In Korea Research Articles

일반계 고등학생이 지각한 부모의 긍정적 양육태도, 자아존중감, 학업열의, 진로적응력 간의 구조적 관계

Objectives This study was conducted to draw implications that can be used to establish a systematic intervention plan to help the smooth career development of general high school students in Korea. Methods To this purpose, This study used data from the fifth year of the KCYPS 2018 to test how high school students' perceived parental positive nurturing attitude affect their career adaptability through mediating self-esteem and academic engagement by setting up a SEM. Results First, the paths through which parental positive nurturing attitude influenced high school students' self-esteem, academic engagement, and career adaptability, the paths through which self-esteem influenced academic engagement and career adaptability, and the respective paths through which academic engagement influenced career adaptability were all significant and static. Second, there were partial mediation effects of self-esteem and academic engagement on the relationship between high school students' perceived parental positive attitude and career adaptability, and a dual mediation effect in which parental positive nurturing attitude sequentially mediated self-esteem and academic engagement to affect career adaptability. Conclusions The operational and content factors to be considered when conducting career counseling and education in general high schools were suggested.

The Development and Validation of English Communicative Competence Model for High School Students in Korea

The Development and Validation of English Communicative Competence Model for High School Students in Korea

Smartphone dependency latent profile classification and association with emotional and behavioral difficulties among high school students in Korea

Purpose: The pervasive integration of smartphones into adolescents’ daily lives has resulted in a concerning upsurge in smartphone dependency among high school students. Due to the diverse types and severity levels of smartphone dependency, there is a critical need for research to explore its heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify latent profile of smartphone dependency in high school students based on the four subdomains of smartphone dependency: disturbance of adaptive functions, virtual life orientation, withdrawal, and tolerance. In addition, we explored how emotional and behavioral difficulties differ according to the profiles. Methods: We used data from 2,195 Korean high school students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify smartphone dependency latent profile. Statistical analysis including chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and ranked Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed differences in smartphone use characteristics and emotional-behavioral difficulties according to the classified latent profile. Results: LPA identified four distinct latent profiles of smartphone dependency among high school students; 1) Underdependent type, 2) Moderate type, 3) Habitual user type, and 4) Virtual space dependent type. The results of ranked ANCOVA, controlling for gender, geographical location, economic status, parental smartphone dependency, and relational variables, revealed that habitual user type exhibited significantly higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, social withdrawal, and depressive symptoms compared to other types. Conclusion: The identification of these profiles provides a foundation for developing tailored intervention programs for adolescents with different levels and patterns of smartphone dependency.

고등학생의 자기주도성에 영향을 미치는 요인

Objectives This study explored the factors affecting the self-directedness of high school students in Korea by di-viding them into three areas: individual students, teaching method and schools, and parents. The theoretical basis for deriving specific strategies for strengthening students' self-directedness was presented.
 Methods Using the 6th data of ｢Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013｣, the relationship between directed-ness and variables in each area was analyzed. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to find out the general characteristics of the study subjects. ANOVA analysis was conducted and Scheffe's post hoc test was conducted to find out the differences in self-directedness and variables in each domain according to general characteristics. Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship between self-directedness and variables in each domain.
 Results The level of self-directedness and related variables of high school students showed significant differ-ences according to the location and type of school. Students in metropolitan and large cities showed higher levels than those in small and medium-sized cities and townships. Male students showed higher self-directedness than female students. The individual factors affecting high school students' self-directedness were self-under-standing, self-identity, curiosity/adventurousness, inquiring spirit, and sports-related cultural literacy. Teaching method and school factors that affect high school students' self-directedness were student participation-type classes and the level of student opinion reflection. Parental factors that affect high school students' self-directed-ness were their parents’ academic support and emotional support.
 Conclusions Methods for strengthening high school students' self-directedness should be sought at various lev-els such as individual students, teaching method and schools, and parents.

Comparing traditional and task-based approaches to teaching pragmatics: Task design processes and learning outcomes

The goal of the current study is twofold: (1) to demonstrate how to design authentic blog-posting tasks for Korean learners of English as a foreign language (EFL); and (2) to compare traditional (textbook-based) and task-based instruction in Korean high school students’ learning of advice-giving strategies in English. Fifty high school students in Korea were assigned to either a traditional or a task-based instruction condition. The traditional group was taught advice-giving strategies using their required textbook. For the task-based instruction group, advice-giving tasks were designed simulating online Q&A communities. Participants were asked to read other high school students’ blogs about their personal concerns and respond to the concerns by posting their advice in a forum. Both groups completed a background survey, a pretest, instructional treatment (a textbook exercise for the traditional condition and individual advice-giving tasks for the task-based condition), a reflection survey, and immediate and delayed posttests over three months. Both groups’ pretest/posttest responses were analysed in terms of the occurrence of advice-giving strategies (e.g. expressing sympathy) based on existing coding frameworks and what students produced. In addition, linguistic forms in each strategy were coded for syntactic complexity (e.g. bi-clausal or mono-clausal constructions). The frequency of different advice-giving strategies and linguistic forms on posttests was compared between the two groups, and between the pretest and posttests for each group. The results showed that the task-based group outperformed the traditional group on the immediate posttest only. However, both groups demonstrated significant gains in advice-giving knowledge at the immediate posttest, and the learning was sustained for 8 weeks. In terms of learning complex constructions of advice-giving head acts (i.e. bi-clausal constructions), there were immediate learning benefits for the task-based group only.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEGRATED STEM-PBL PHYSICS MODULE ON STUDENTS’ INTEREST, SENSE-MAKING AND EFFORT

Issues like why students felt far from physics and did not choose physics as their prime learning option are familiar in education. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of the STEM-Project-Based learning module in physics on students' personal interest and sense-making and effort. This research used the quasi-experimental model, employing a two-group pre-survey-post-survey design. Quantitative data were collected using the Colorado Learning Attitude about Science Survey (CLASS) instrument at two selected schools in Sabah, Malaysia, and Seoul, Korea. The sample size was 88 Form 4 students in Malaysia and 66 second-year high school students in Korea who learned classical mechanics. The students were divided into two groups, respectively, i.e., the experimental group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33) and the control group (Malaysia=44, Korea=33). Participants in the experimental group were intervened with the integrated STEM-PBL physics module, whilst participants in the control group learned physics through a conventional approach for eight weeks. Participants in both groups were then administered a pre-survey before and post-survey after the intervention. This research showed that the integrated STEM-PBL physics module significantly improved students' personal interest, and sense-making and effort after the intervention. The paper also highlighted the research's implications and suggestions. Keywords: integrated STEM, project-based learning, physics module, classical mechanics, personal interest, sense-making and effort

Factors Related to Sexual Intercourse Among Korean Middle and High School Students

BackgroundSocial interest in sexual intercourse among teenagers is increasing in Korea. This study aimed to identify factors related to sexual intercourse among adolescents.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis study using data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, with information regarding 54,948 middle school and high school students in Korea having been analyzed. Demographics, health behavior, and mental health characteristics were included. Data evaluation involved chi-square test and binary multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsFor middle school students, sexual intercourse was related to their housing type [Odds Ratio (OR) = 10.698], smoking (OR = 5.165) and drinking (OR = 2.229) experience, suicide attempt (OR = 1.920), gender (OR = 1.632), loneliness (OR = 1.501), sadness and despair (OR = 1.493), year level (OR = 1.457), happiness (OR = 0.772), sleep status (OR = 0.716), economic status (OR = 0.705). For high school students, sexual intercourse was related to their smoking experience (OR = 4.746), housing type (OR = 3.661), drinking experience (OR = 2.840), drug use (OR = 2.511), suicide attempt (OR = 2.071), year level (OR = 1.989), sadness and despair (OR = 1.506), gender (OR = 1.429), suicide plan (OR = 1.402), loneliness (OR = 1.270), academic performance (OR = 1.165), happiness (OR = 0.865), subjective health status (OR = 0.814), and economic status (OR = 0.727). However, sleep status was statistically significant for middle school students, but not for high school students. Academic performance, drug use, suicide plan, and subjective health status were statistically significant in high school students, but not in middle school students.ConclusionA program that can directly mediate these factors must be prepared. When conducting sex education for adolescents, mental health-related factors must also be considered.

Effects of Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Gratitude on Flourishing of High School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Growth Mindset

Introduction. The subjective well-being index of Korean adolescents has been the lowest among OECD countries. High school students also have the lowest sense of happiness among adolescents. Therefore, this study was to seek a plan to increase the level of happiness of high school students in Korea. Study participants and methods. Participants of this study were 386 high school students enrolled in high schools located in two cities in Chungcheongnam-do. There were 271 (70.4%) males and 114 (29.6%) females. Regarding their grades, there were 245 (63.5%) in the third year of high school, 139 (36.0%) in the first year of high school, and 2 (0.5%) in the second year. For data analysis, SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macro 3.5.3 were used, and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were performed. Results. First, flourishing had negative correlations with depression and suicidal ideation, but positive correlations with a growth mindset and gratitude. The correlation coefficient between depression and suicidal ideation (r=0.602, p<0.01) was the highest, followed by that between gratitude and flourishing correlation (r=0.506, p<0.01). Second, a moderated mediation role of growth mindset in the effect of depression on flourishing through suicidal ideation and gratitude was verified. Conditional indirect effects of depression → suicidal ideation → gratitude → flourishing were significant when the growth mindset was low (-0.7390, -0.1323~-0.0353), medium (0.0000, -0.1148~-0.0311), and high (0.7390, -0.1006~-0.0257). Conclusions. We found that the growth mindset plays a moderated mediation role in promoting flourishing by increasing the gratitude of high school students with depression and suicidal ideation. These results will help improve the happiness of high school students who suffer from entering to college and getting a job. In addition, these results will be used as an important academic basis that can be applied to the development and implementation of programs that can increase flourishing for high school students.

Effects of Smartphone Overdependence and the Quality of Friendship on Depression among High School Students.

This study analyzes the effects of smartphone overdependence and the quality of friendship on depression among high school students in Korea. The study subjects were 121 high school students. Smartphone overdependence was assessed using the smartphone overdependence scale for adolescents, depression was assessed using the Korean version of the patient health questionnaire-9, and the quality of friendship was assessed using the friendship quality questionnaire. The results of the correlation analysis showed statistically significant differences among all the variables. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that smartphone overdependence increases the depression level, whereas the quality of friendship lowers it. To decrease depression among high school students, smartphone overdependence and the quality of friendship should be managed appropriately. Moreover, the causal relationships and mediating effects between smartphone overdependence and the quality of friendship should be analyzed.

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and Psychosocial Effects in Adolescents : Used by the 16th (2020) Adolescent Health Behavior Survey

Purpose : This study aims to identify the related impacts to the prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis in Korean adolescents. Method : The secondary data analysis was conducted, using statistical data of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2020. 54,948 middle school and high school students in Korea participated in this study. Prevalence rates, demographic sociological characteristics, health factors, psychosocial factors were collected. The SPSS Statistics 21 program was used to analysis those factors with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results : 34.8% of participants had allergic rhinitis. The factors of allergic rhinitis were related with gender, grades, residential area, test score, economic status, possession of air purifier, alcohol experience, subjective sleep deficiency, subjective awareness on health, BMI, asthma histories, atopic dermatitis histories, sadness or hopelessness, suicidal ideation, stress, stressor, and generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion : It is required to evaluate the warning signs of mental health, awareness on health, stress, and lack of sleep in adolescents with allergic rhinitis and to approach blended treatments for improving related warning signs, including physical and psychosocial supports.

고등학교 졸업학력 검정고시와 실용영어 1 교과서 지문의 언어적 요소 비교분석

This study aims to compare linguistic features in the texts between high school graduate equivalency tests and practical English 1 textbooks for high school students in Korea. The text data obtained from ten sets of tests from 2016 to 2020 and six English 1 textbooks were analyzed by using Coh-Metrix, a linguistic computational program. The results of the analysis on linguistic features reveal that the levels of difficulty were not consistent between two texts. The difficulty levels of the sentence length, the syntactic complexity and the readability in the tests were significantly lower than those in the textbooks. On the contrary, the difficulty levels of the lexical diversity and the cohesion in the tests were significantly higher. The findings suggest that the difficulty of texts in the test needs to be adjusted to be equivalent with that in the textbook when test designers write the test items.

Do School-Level Factors Affect the Health Behaviors of High School Students in Korea?

We conducted a multilevel analysis to identify the individual- and school-level factors that affect Korean high school students’ tooth brushing, soda intake, smoking, and high-intensity physical activity. We sampled 27,919 high school students from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. The individual-level variables included demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. The school-level variables included school system and school type. Regarding the individual-level factors, economic level and academic performance had a significant effect on health behavior when the demographic variables were adjusted. In the final model, the school-level factors had a significant effect on health behavior. The odds ratio (OR) of brushing less than twice a day in vocational schools compared to general schools was 1.63 (p < 0.001), and the OR of soda intake more than three times a week in vocational schools was 1.33 (p < 0.001). In addition, the OR of smoking in vocational schools was 2.89 (p < 0.001), and the OR of high-intensity physical activity in vocational schools was 0.80 (p < 0.001). Therefore, both individual- and school-level factors affect Korean students’ health behaviors. A school-based comprehensive health promotion strategy should be developed that considers schools’ characteristics to equip all students with health awareness, regardless of socioeconomic status.

The dual mediating effect of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness of high school students in Korea: the moderated mediation effect of the growth mindset

Introduction. In Korea, high school students are very low in happiness because they possess many worries about better university entrance and career development. The purpose of this study was to focus on increasing happiness by examining whether the growth mindset moderates the dual mediating effects of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness. Study participants and methods. The participants of this research were male (50.6%) and female (49.4%) among 435 high school students, and 86.2% of the participants lived in small and medium-sized cities, Dong and Eup. As for parental occupations, sales, service, and production jobs accounted for the most, at 32.2%. The household income level was medium for 51.0% of the participants, and 64.1% had dual-income parents. The SPSS Win. 25 and the PROCESS macro 3.5. were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, mean comparison analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were conducted. Results. First, there was significant positive correlation between all of the variables. Gratitude and happiness had the highest correlation coefficient (r=.494, p&lt;.01), followed by mindfulness and happiness (r=.452, p&lt;.01), and then gratitude and happiness (r=.451, p&lt;.01). Second, the growth mindset moderates the relationship between gratitude and mindfulness. Third, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → happiness in both the M and M+SD conditions. Fourth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → hope → happiness. Fifth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → hope → happiness in M and M+SD conditions. Practical significance. These results will contribute to developing a model to increase happiness by using growth mindset in high school students.

The Effect of Korean Language Proficiency on Acculturation Stress of Middle and High School Students in Korea: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Acculturation Type

목적 본 연구는 재한 몽골 중&#8901;고등학생의 한국어 능력이 문화적응 스트레스에 미치는 영향에서 문화적응 유형의 조절효과를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 독립변인은 한국어 능력, 종속변인은 문화적응 스트레스, 조절변인으로 문화적응 유형을 설정하여 단계적 회귀분석으로 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 방법 본 연구의 모집단은 재한몽골학교 중&#8901;고등학생이고, 비확률적 표본추출방법으로 52명(남자: 32명, 여자 20명)을 추출하여 2021.05.10.-2021.05.14.일까지 자료를 수집 하였다. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성, 기술통계, 상관분석, 단계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 연구 가설을 검증하였다. 결과 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국어 능력과 문화적응 스트레스 관계는 부(-)적 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 한국어 능력은 문화적응 스트레스에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국어 능력과 문화적응 스트레스 관계에서 문화적응 유형인 통합, 동화, 분리, 주변화 중 통합유형에서만 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 한국어 교육 향상 방안으로 방과 후 시간에 문화를 통한 한국어 교육을 추가할 필요가 있고, 재한몽골학교 교육과정을 통합 유형으로 시행되어야 할 것이다. 즉 학생들의 한국어 능력 향상으로 문화적응 스트레스를 감소시키고, 한국문화에 대한 적응력을 높일 수 있도록 정책적&#8901;제도적 방안 마련이 필요하다.

The Effects of Adolescents' Relationships with Parents and School/Institute Teachers as Protective Factors on Smartphone Addiction: Comparative Analysis of Elementary, Middle, and High School Levels in South Korea

This study was conducted for the purpose of empirically analyzing the effects of adolescents’ relationships with major adults as protective factors for smartphone addiction. Specifically, the study compared the discriminatory effects of adolescents’ relationships with their parents, school teachers, and educational institute teachers on smartphone addiction among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. Analyzing the data of the 2019 Korean Children & Youth Happiness Index (*N*=7,454), it was found that relationships with adults were significant factors in explaining the level of smartphone addiction even after controlling for the influences of adolescents’ demographics, usage time, and friendship factors. For elementary school students, good relationships with their mothers and school teachers decreased the risk of smartphone addiction. On the other hand, in the case of middle school students, only a good relationship with father functioned as a protective factor. Good relationships with their fathers and institute teachers decreased the level of high school students’ smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, this study discussed on the development of programs and policies for prevention and intervention of adolescents’ smartphone addiction and provided suggestions for follow-up research in the future.

A Study on the Career Maturity of General High School Students in Korea

본 연구목적인 일반고 진로성숙도에 관한 국내연구 동향분석, 의의와 시사점 파악을 위해, 연구대상&#8901;측정도구&#8901;연구방법의 현황과 일반적 추이를 알아본 후, 진로성숙도와 함께 동반 연구된 변인들의 종류와 추이를 알아보았다. 학술연구정보서비스(riss4u) 등의 싸이트에서, 2011년 1월부터 2020년 8월까지의 학위&#8901;학술논문을 대상으로 ‘진로성숙도’, ‘고등학교’라는 키워드로 검색하여, 총 88편의 논문에 대해 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석했다. 그 결과, 연구대상에서는 남녀 공학의 사례가 66편(75%), 전체학년 대상 연구가 24건(27.3%)으로 제일 많았고, 측정도구에서는 이기학, 임언 외, 타 자료의 순서로 나타났다. 연구조사에서는 질문지법+검사법, 검사법, 질문지법의 순서로, 실험설계에서는 단일연구, 실험통계+사전사후의 순서로 나타났다. 진로성숙도와 동반 연구된 변인에서는 한가지만 연구, 진로변인, 개인&#8901;심리적 변인, 환경변인의 순서로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 의의는 진로성숙도 주제연구에 대해 일반고를 대상으로 했다는 점, 진로성숙도와 동반 연구된 변인들을 진로변인, 개인&#8901;심리적변인, 환경변인으로 범주화했다는 점이다. 시사점은 검사도구의 제작연도와 검사자간의 세대별&#8901;문화적 친밀성을 고려해야 한다는 점과, 일반고에 조성된 진로교육 연구 환경을 계속 유지해야 할 것이다.

Development of Career Competency F actors Based on the Career Capital of Female Vocational High School Students in Korea

Development of Career Competency F actors Based on the Career Capital of Female Vocational High School Students in Korea

Difference in the practice of COVID-19 prevention according to the reliability of COVID-19 response among high school students in Korea

Difference in the practice of COVID-19 prevention according to the reliability of COVID-19 response among high school students in Korea

Gratitude influences happiness through mindfulness in Korean high school students: the moderated mediation model of grit

Introduction. There are many ways to enhance happiness for people. Recently, mindfulness, gratitude and grit contribute to several psychological areas such as wellbeing and success. In addition, Korean high school students suffer from hard work like university entrance examination. Therefore, it is important to study the new ways to increase happiness using recently emerging psychological variables. The purpose of the study aimed to determine whether grit moderates the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between gratitude and happiness targeting high school students in Korea. Study participants and methods. The participants were 435 high school students purposively selected from four high schools at Seosan city, Chungnam province in Korea. There was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females, and men and women were evenly distributed. In this case, the 3rd grade was 71.3%, more than 28.7% of 2nd grade, and 1st grade was not included in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. The statistical techniques applied were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and a moderated mediation effect analysis. Results. First, as a result of correlation analysis, happiness was significantly positively correlated with gratitude (r=.494, p&lt;.001), grit (r=.299, p&lt;.001) and mindfulness (r=.452, p&lt;.001), and the correlation between happiness and gratitude showed the highest coefficient. Second, as a result of the moderated mediation effect analysis, the grit moderated the mediating effect of mindfulness in the link between gratitude and happiness (.6118, .0311~.1806). Practical significance. Based on these findings, this study discussed methods for improving the happiness of high school students through the gratitude, grit and mindfulness. Therefore, this results will be useful to policy making and program development for happiness.

Effects of Education Concerning Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Regulation on Elementary, Middle, and High School Students in Korea

Background: This foundational study on educational interventions aimed to analyze the changes in awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of young learners after they received objective information on safety management. Materials and Methods: Educational sessions on nuclear power and radiation safety were delivered to 4,934 Korean elementary, middle, and high school students in two separate sessions conducted in 2016 and 2017. The effects of these interventions were subsequently analyzed. Results and Discussion: Learner attitudes toward safety were found to be the predominant variables affecting the post-intervention risk (safety) awareness of nuclear power generation. Conclusion: The safety awareness of future generations will significantly influence policy decisions on nuclear power generation. Hence, the design of educational interventions on this subject must match variables suited to learner levels.