Higher Scale Efficiency Research Articles

Is Takaful (Islamic Insurance) More Efficient Than Conventional Insurance A Comparative Analysis Of Insurance Industry In Malaysia

The efficiency of the Malaysian insurance industry (II) has drawn increasing international attention as the country has a dual-insurance system that comprises conventional insurance (CI) and takaful (Islamic) insurance (TI). Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to evaluate the efficiency of the Malaysian II as well as compare the efficiencies of CI and TI in Malaysia. Secondary data, spanning 2013-2021, from 46 CI and 28 TI providers was used. The results of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) indicates that scale efficiency (SE) has a significantly larger impact on the impact the total efficiency (TE) of the Malaysian II than pure technical efficiency (PTE). Therefore, larger insurance companies, with higher SE, are better suited to deal with large-scale risks, while smaller insurance companies may need to diversify or reinsure to limit their risk. Meanwhile, the results of the parametric and non-parametric tests indicate that there is a significant difference between the efficiencies of the Malaysian CI and TI industries. More specifically, that the Shariah-compliant nature of the Malaysian TI industry is a more conservative investment approach. As such, it decreases the risk of losses and financial instability. The purpose of comparing the efficiencies of the Malaysian TI and CI industries was to stimulate innovation and competition in the Malaysian II.

Research on the Efficiency of Cross-Region Scientific and Technological Innovation Resources Allocation in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

Analyzing the efficiency of cross-region scientific and technological innovation resources allocation in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle is helpful to understand the achievements in the construction of economic circle and development trend, and it is great significance to important growth pole for promoting the high-quality development of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Applying the method of three-stage DEA, combined with the input-output data of scientific and technological innovation resources in 44 regions of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle from 2014 to 2019, this paper studies the allocation efficiency and influencing factors of scientific and technological innovation resources in this region during this period. Results indicate that: Firstly, after excluding the influence of external environmental factors, the average allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle changes little from year to year and is at a low level. The allocation efficiency composition of each region is generally characterized by high pure technical efficiency and low scale efficiency. Secondly, the improvement of the degree of opening to the outside world and the level of education investment is conducive to the improvement of the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources, while the improvement of the level of economic development and the adjustment of industrial structure have not effectively driven the improvement of the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources to a certain extent.

Comprehensive and Technical Efficiency of Insurance and Takaful Companies in Pakistan

Comprehensive and Technical Efficiency of Insurance and Takaful Companies in Pakistan Insurance and Takaful companies, both, are business organizations existing for the motive of profit. Large capital is required by the shareholders to establish a company; therefore, the company is expected to earn sufficient profit to meet the expectations of the shareholders. Moreover, a company also has its responsibilities towards its customers in terms of quality service. Shareholders are more concerned with their profit and customers regarding the services. Companies pay claims when the covered persons suffer a loss which can be the death of the family’s only bread earner, factory on fire, theft of business goods etc. Therefore, efficient financial performance of insurance and Takaful companies is important to fulfil the requirements of both: shareholders and clients. This study investigates financial efficiency of insurance and Takaful companies via Data Envelopment Analysis during the period 2011 to 2015. We have taken six general (non - life ) insurance & Takaful companies operating in Pakistan with input factors labor cost, assets and output factors premium / contribution received and percentage of claims paid. Results show that insurance and takaful companies are more than 80% efficient in their operations. For further increasing their efficiencies, they need to reduce their input by less than 20% to have same level of output. Comparing efficiencies of insurance and takaful companies, insurance companies are more efficient in terms of pure technical & super efficiency while takaful companies have higher scale efficiency than insurance companies, though the difference in most of the cases is less than 2%. Both types of companies need to improve their efficiencies by decreasing their assets input and labor cost while retaining the same output level of premiums and claims. Keywords: General insurance, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); Malmquist index, Takaful, Scale and technical efficiency

Wine business performance benchmarking: a comparison of German and Ukrainian wineries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the efficiency of wine making in Germany and Ukraine in order to find the controllable factors of wine business performance using benchmarking tools.Design/methodology/approachThe models of data envelopment analysis and other benchmarking tools are used to analyse the efficiency of wineries in two countries. Returns to scale, scale efficiency, super-efficiency and some other indicators are examined. The research is based on the sample of 36 German and Ukrainian wineries.FindingsThe hypothesis of higher wine making relative efficiency in Germany was compared with Ukrainian wine making, then analytically and statistically verified. A relatively high average scale efficiency score indicates good potential (above 30 per cent) for efficiency growth, due to the optimisation of a scale of production and sales. Generally, wine making in Germany and Ukraine has increasing returns to scale. The high-efficient wine business cannot bring great losses. It was found that the most efficient combinations of size and legal form of business organisation for wine business are presented in Germany.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by a single industry of only the two countries.Practical implicationsThis study provides useful information for researchers, investors and policy makers, enabling them to understand the current state, basic problems, controllable factors and efficiency levels of wine making in Germany and Ukraine. It may be useful to wine producers in these countries for improving their business performance.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that compares wine business performance and discloses its factors for Germany and Ukraine.

Greenhouse gas performance of Korean local governments based on non-radial DDF

This study aims to examine the greenhouse gas (GHG) performance of Korea from the perspective of local governments, based on the non-radial directional distance function (DDF). Since DDF is the methodology for the effective reduction of an undesirable variable, such as carbon or GHG emission, it is better to obtain more reliable empirical results for green growth performance in provinces of Korea. From the empirical results, we found that Seoul and Ulsan show the highest score in gas technical efficiency (GTE), implying that the performance of these two cities on GHG performance is worth of benchmarking. Secondly, we decomposed GTE into pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE), and found that Gwangju and Jeju showed unity in PTE scores, implying that these two cities are efficient in various returns to scale conditions. In addition, most of the local governments show high SE performance. Finally, we derived shadow price and found out the results for metropolitan cities belonging to the high shadow price group from the fact that they regulated GHG emissions more effectively. The results of this study offer very interesting and unique implications for policymakers among Korean central and local governments toward the sustainable governance and environmental policies.

The technical efficiency in Sardinian fisheries cooperatives

Mediterranean fisheries are characterized by differentiated fishing systems implemented by companies of different sizes and types. On the other hand, small scale fishing is the most important characteristic when one tries to find the main differences with oceanic fisheries. Small-sized family fishing firms play an important role in several local communities and economies, where the globalization of the competitive arena is perceived as one of the worst threats to their survival. One of the organizational solutions adopted by small scale fishing firms in order to face the changing institutional as well as marketing environment is cooperation. Economic performances in fishery have been predominantly determined by adopting vessels as decision-making units. This means that a lack of information exists with reference to fishing companies or cooperatives. This study aims to estimate the economic performances of Sardinian fishing cooperatives by surveying a sample of 104 firms. The research has been carried by first assessing firms’ profitability by applying a balance sheet analysis; then, sector technical was estimated as well as scale efficiency. High technical and scale efficiency and substantial technological homogeneity between big and small cooperatives were found. Some policy implications deriving from these findings are discussed in the concluding remarks.

The Analysis for the Scale and Efficiency of China’s Major Automotive Enterprises Based on DEA Model

This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the scale and efficiency of 28 major automotive enterprises in Chinese, and the results show that at this stage, large automobile manufacturers of China are under-produced and the production is too scattered, and the overall efficiency of automobile manufacturers is low. One of the main reasons is that because of the low technical efficiency value, the technological innovation capability of enterprises needs to be strengthened. The other reason is that the low efficiency of a large number of enterprises lowers the overall efficiency level. There is a positive correlation between the scale and efficiency of automobile manufacturers. Whether it is the horizontal comparison between different enterprises (nature) or the vertical comparison between the same enterprises, all show that compared with small-scale enterprises, large-scale manufacturing enterprises not only have higher scale efficiency but also have higher technical efficiency. With the expansion of production scale, the scale of enterprises and technical efficiency have improved, which shows that for the automotive industry, compared with other factors, economies of scale is the main factor that affects the automotive industry, and not only is it reflected in the scale but also in technological innovation. Therefore, when formulating policies, the relevant departments should support the development of large-scale enterprises, encourage mergers and acquisitions among enterprises, increase R&D investment, support technological innovation, and set up a scientific market exit mechanism to reduce exit costs, such as guiding the transformation of enterprises and establish a competition mechanism for the survival of the fittest.

Analysis of the development of the wind power industry in China \u2014 from the perspective of the financial support

BackgroundThe wind energy industry is an important part of the renewable energy industry. Helpful financial support plays an essential role in the process of its development. This study analyzes the financial support efficiency not only from the aspect of capital raise, but also from the aspect of the allocation of up-, middle- and down-stream of the Chinese wind power industry chain (which includes the fan component manufacturing enterprises, the fan production enterprises, the wind farm generation and operation enterprises).MethodsBased on a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, this study selected 30 representative public companies which sampled and extracted their financial data in a panel analysis from 2010 to 2015, in which the financial support efficiency for the Chinese wind power industry was investigated from the aspect of capital raise and allocation.ResultsIn terms of capital raise, the comprehensive efficiencies of these three streams all reached their peak in 2011, and then indicated a slight decline, whereas the fan component manufacturing enterprises had both the largest pure technical efficiency value in 2011 and a relatively high scale efficiency value during the sampling period. In terms of capital allocation, the fan component manufacturing enterprises and the wind farm generation and operation enterprises indicated both the highest comprehensive efficiency in 2011, which is merely the expansion period of the new energy industry. The wind farm generation and operation enterprises showed the lowest pure technical value in 2012, which is also the depression period of the new energy industry. The scale efficiency of the fan production enterprises as well as the wind energy generation and operation enterprises had a relatively high scale efficiency value from 2010 to 2015.ConclusionThe overall efficiency of financial support in the Chinese wind power industry has a close relationship to the macro-economic environment and capital raise while the allocation efficiency of up-, middle-and down-stream show different characteristics. Moreover, the lag of the core technology is the biggest barrier to the financial support efficiency of the wind power industry.

Exploring the factors of efficiency in German and Ukrainian wineries

ABSTRACTThe paper is devoted to the evaluation and comparison of the efficiency of winemaking in Germany and Ukraine in order to find the key factors of efficiency of wine business in these countries. The models of data envelopment analysis (DEA), correlation and other tools of data analysis are used to analyse the efficiency of wineries in two countries. Returns to scale, scale efficiency, super-efficiency and some other indicators are examined. The study is based on the sample including 36 wineries of Germany and Ukraine. The hypothesis about a higher relative efficiency of winemaking in Germany in comparison with Ukrainian winemaking was confirmed analytically. Relatively a high average scale efficiency score indicates a good potential (above 30%) for efficiency growth due to the optimization of a scale of production and sales. Generally, winemaking in Germany and Ukraine has increasing returns to scale. It was found to be the most efficient combination of the size and legal form of business organization for wine business in Germany.

Bootstrapping data envelopment analysis of efficiency and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the public hospital reform.

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012. This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform. Data from 127 county public hospitals (39, 45, and 43 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, respectively) were collected during 2012-2015. Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist. The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442, 0.5785, 0.6099, and 0.6094 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, and the entire country respectively, with average non-technical efficiency, low pure technical efficiency (PTE), and high scale efficiency found. Productivity increased by 8.12%, 0.25%, 12.11%, and 11.58% in China and its three regions during 2012-2015, and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42%, 6.32%, 21.08%, and 21.42%, respectively. The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China. Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China. More than 60% of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales. There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions. During 2012-2015, the hospitals experienced progressive productivity; however, the PTE changed adversely. Moreover, Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Western China. Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county public hospitals in the three areas of China, especially in Central China.

DEA모형을 통한 감정평가법인의 효율성 분석

This study was performed to evaluate relative scale efficiency of appraisal organizations and the influence of increasing size of those organizations on their scale efficiency. In order to identify variables that have significant influence on the scale efficiency, CCR and BCC models of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), which is a widely used nonparametric method for evaluating relative efficiency with multiple inputs – the number of appraisers and administrative staff - and outputs - revenue, were used. To adjust for heterogeneity among appraisal organizations, this study used a dendrogram. Data from 44 appraisal organizations were included in the analysis. The average scale efficiency of appraisal organizations in 2015 was 92.77%. The minimum scale efficiency of a cluster was 65.03% compared to the maximum scale efficiency of cluster A, 100%, and the scale efficiencies of clusters would increase by increasing scale. A regression analysis revealed that the size of organizations and the ratio of administrative staff to appraisers were significantly associated with higher scale efficiency.

Total health expenditure efficiency: non-parametric analysis in a large sample of countries

To measure the efficiency of 190 countries in producing health results and the factors that determine such efficiency. A data envelopment analysis was conducted on worldwide data from the year 2009 in order to estimate the efficient frontier, based on total health expenditure per capita, as well on infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth. At the same time, an analysis of the determinants of expenditure efficiency was performed through Tobit models. African nations have lower technical and allocative efficiency, but higher scale efficiency. The quality of institutions has a statistically significant impact on the levels of technical and allocative efficiency and on the levels of scale efficiency. The percentage of health expenditure financed by private insurers has an impact on technical and allocative efficiency, while urbanization rates affect the scale efficiency. the fact that more than 70 % of countries show decreasing returns suggest that, once certain minimal standards of life quality are achieved, the marginal effect of each additional dollar assigned to health is not substantial. Conversely, in poor countries, where the expenditure in health presents increasing returns, the health performance could be substantially better by marginally raising the expenditure. On the other hand, financing structures of health expenditures may influence technical-allocative efficiency, while urbanization levels may impact scale efficiency (source: MeSH, NLM).

效率视角下的省域生态文明建设评价研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 效率视角下的省域生态文明建设评价研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201512232553 作者: 作者单位: 福州大学经济与管理学院,福州大学经济与管理学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（71573114）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（71503049）；福建省社会科学规划项目（FJ2015C123）；福建省社科规划青年项目（FJ2015C231） Research on provincial ecological civilization construction evaluation under the efficiency perspective Author: Affiliation: School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University,School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University Fund Project: Research on provincial ecological civilization construction evaluation under the efficiency perspective 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在界定生态文明概念的基础上，从省域层面入手，选取25个具有可操作性的评价指标，构建以国土空间优化、资源节约集约利用和生态环境保护为一级指标的生态文明建设评价指标体系，综合运用网络层次分析和集对分析等研究方法，定量研究我国省域生态文明建设绩效；在此基础上，将国土空间优化绩效、资源节约集约利用绩效和生态环境保护绩效作为产出指标，将就业人数、科学技术财政支出、节能环保财政支出作为投入指标，运用数据包络分析法测度各省（市）生态文明建设效率，分析指标投入冗余和产出不足情况，并修正评价绩效。研究表明：（1）规模效率低于0.6的省份共24个，占80%，规模效率不高是制约生态文明建设水平提升的重要障碍；（2）在生态文明建设投入冗余和产出不足方面，数值较高的省（市）在地理分布上具有明显的区域聚集性；（3）领先地区资源节约集约利用绩效平均分高达3.92，落后地区平均分仅为0.84，生态文明建设绩效的差异性在资源节约集约利用方面表现的尤为明显；（4）人口规模偏大、绿色生态空间建设滞后于经济发展、水资源利用效率不高是多数生态强省（市）的薄弱环节。 Abstract:On the basis of the definition of ecological civilization and the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating the Ecological Civilization Construction and with reference to some scholars' and research institutions' contributions, we selected 25 operable evaluation criteria at provincial level in this study to construct an evaluation system of laterally comparable criteria with the primary criterion featuring land space optimization, resource intensive use and ecological environmental protection, and to conduct quantitative analysis of the performance of China's provincial ecological civilization construction by joint use of analytic network process (ANP) and set pair analysis (SPA) method. On this basis, with the performances of land space optimization, resource intensive use, and ecological environmental protection as the output indicators and the number of employees, fiscal expenditures on science and technology, on energy saving and environmental protection as the input indicators, we measured the ecological civilization construction efficiency of provinces (or municipalities) and analyzed indicators input redundancy and output deficiency with data envelopment analysis(DEA), and revised the evaluation of performance. We have also done a great deal of work on exploratory research for the ecological civilization construction pursuing both quantity and quality. It shows that:(1) there are 24 provinces with scale efficiency lower than 0.6, accounting for 80%. Low scale efficiency is a major obstacle to improve the construction of ecological civilization in most regions; (2) when it comes to input redundancy and output deficiency in ecological civilization construction, provinces (or municipalities) with higher scale efficiency are obviously regionally concentrated in geographical distribution; (3) the leading regions have an average score of 3.92 in the performance of resource intensive use, while the backward regions only get 0.84 on average. The difference is evident in the aspect of resource intensive use; (4) large population, green ecological space construction that lags behind the economic development and low water utilization efficiency are still the weaknesses of the ecologically strong provinces (or municipalities). 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A Nonparametric Analysis to Evaluate Scale of Indian Banking Operations

In the present study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate scale efficiency of Indian banks during 2008-2012. The given period was characterized by global financial crisis, rapid regulatory reforms and intense competition among Indian banking sector. The results showed considerable variation in average levels of scale efficiency across various ownership groups of Indian banking system. In general, public and private banks are found to be more scale efficient than foreign banks. There was higher scale efficiency of smaller public, private and foreign banks than larger counterparts in respective groups to believe that small banks had better prospect in the area of scale of operations. The trend of scale efficiency during 2008-2012 across the public, private and foreign banks of India was also examined and the results showed low heterogeneity in scale efficiency of public and private banks after 2008, whereas higher heterogeneity in foreign banks across the study period 2008-2012. The ownership possibly explained the difference across the scale efficiency of banks in India.

The Study on the Technical Efficiency of the Listed Coal Companies

This paper analyses China's listed coal companies based on Tobit-DEA model. DEA model results show that these companies have low technical efficiency level, containing the high scale efficiency and low pure technical efficiency. Then dig the factors to the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency with Tobit regression model, and the result shows the increasing of management fee rate and debt capital ratio of technical efficiency has some negative effects, and the increasing of sales rate, asset turnover and P/E ratio is beneficial to technical efficiency. Then analyzes the possible reasons for these results and gives suggestions.

Comparing the efficiency of Islamic versus conventional banking: through data envelopment analysis (DEA) model

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficiency of Islamic banks and conventional banks under loan base approach and income base approach. Also, it aims to investigate the economies of scales for both banking streams. Further, we investigated the effect of banks specific factors on efficiency, like size of banks, total liabilities of banks, total profit of banks, total markup revenue, total non-markup revenue, total markup expenses and total non-markup expenses. The data for this study was taken from banking statistics of Pakistan for the year 2001 to 2008. For the measurement of efficiency, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used. For the effect of banks specific factors on efficiency Tobit regression model was used. The finding suggested that, the Islamic banks overall technical efficiency was better than conventional banks under loan base approach. Further, the result showed that Islamic banks had pure technical inefficiency than conventional banks but Islamic banks has high scale efficiency than conventional banks. Under income base approach conventional banks are efficient than Islamic banks. Islamic banks inefficiency was due to pure technical inefficiency. On the other hand only total markup expenses, total liability and ownership has significant impact on overall technical efficiency score under loan base approach. And total liability, total profit and ownership have significant impact on the overall technical efficiency under income base approach. This study is different from other studies in respect that it compares the efficiency of Islamic banks with conventional banks with these variables and under these two different approaches. Key words: Efficiency, Islamic banks, conventional banks, Pakistan, data envelopment analysis.

Performance analysis of primary wood producers in British Columbia using data envelopment analysis

Despite its importance, performance assessment of the Canadian primary wood products sector has received little attention in the academic literature and business practices. In this research a nonparametric technique, called data envelopment analysis (DEA), was used to evaluate the performance of sawmills in British Columbia in 2002. Individual mills were inspected using different DEA models to capture their technical, scale, and aggregate efficiencies. Log consumption and labor utilization were considered as the inputs and lumber and chip production as the outputs of these models. Although British Columbia sawmills enjoyed high scale efficiency, only 7% of them were aggregately efficient. The results showed possible efficiency improvements by increasing the production and decreasing the labor usage. Post-hoc analyses with two nonparametric statistical tests, median quartile and Kruskal–Wallis, revealed that the average efficiency of sawmills in different British Columbia forest regions varied significantly; however, the number of operating days had no effect on technical efficiency of sawmills at a 5% significance level.