High-salt Patterns Research Articles

Association between dietary pattern and Helicobacter pylori infection at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu: A case-control study

BackgroundLimited studies have reported the association between dietary patterns and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Sabah. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between dietary pattern and H. pylori infection among patients aged 18 years and above that went for first esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS) in 2021 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Kota Kinabalu. MethodsDietary intake of positive H. pylori was compared with healthy subjects by using questionnaire adapted from Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014. Using logistic regression models, we evaluated the association between dietary pattern and H. pylori infection risk. FindingsOur finding identified four dietary patterns, namely “high carbohydrate pattern”, “high fiber pattern”, “high fat/cholesterol pattern” and “high salt pattern”. After adjustment for potential confounders, the highest quartile of “high salt pattern” showed greater odds of H. pylori infection (OR = 1.26; 95% Cl: 1.032–1.459; P = 0.045) than lowest quartile, while highest quartile of “high fiber pattern” demonstrated lower odd of the infection (OR = 0.69; 95% Cl: 0.537–0.829; P = 0.008) than those in lowest quartile. If compared with Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) 2017, positive H. pylori consumed high carbohydrates and sodium with insufficient fiber intake. ConclusionTo conclude, “high fiber pattern” lowers the risk of H. pylori infection while “high salt pattern” increases the infection risk. Our study also highlighted the importance of nutrient intake within daily allowances.

Associations between major dietary patterns and anxiety in middle-aged adults in eastern China.

The current study aimed to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with anxiety in middle-aged adults in eastern China. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for anxiety according to quartiles of each dietary pattern score. Evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and anxiety in the Chinese population is scarce. The study participants were 1360 Chinese adults aged 45-59 years, who participated in a health survey at the time of periodic check-up in the city of Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Four major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: traditional Chinese, western, grains-vegetables and high-salt diets. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the western pattern had greater odds for anxiety, compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·000, 3·086, P < 0·05). In contrast, participants in the highest quartile of the grains-vegetables pattern had lower odds for anxiety than did those in the lowest quartile (OR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·574, 1·000, P < 0·05). Moreover, no significant associations were observed between the traditional Chinese and high-salt patterns and the risk of anxiety. Our findings indicate that the western pattern is associated with an increased risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern is associated with a decreased risk of anxiety.

Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among middle-aged adults in China in 2016–2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of dietary patterns with depressive symptoms in middle-aged Chinese adults. The cross-sectional study participants were 1360 Chinese adults (45–59 years, 659 males and 701 females) who participated in a Health Survey at the time of periodic checkup. Dietary intakes were assessed via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) for depressive symptoms according to quartiles of each dietary pattern score. Four major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: traditional Chinese, Western, grains-vegetables and high-salt patterns. After controlling for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the Western pattern scores had greater odds of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest quartile. In contrast, participants in the highest quartile of the grains-vegetables pattern had lower odds of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest quartile. Nevertheless, no significant associations were observed between the traditional Chinese and high-salt patterns and the risk of depressive symptoms, even after adjusting for potential confounders. The findings indicate that the Western pattern is associated with an increased risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern is associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms.

Association between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Epidemiological studies of different dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among a middle-aged Chinese population remain extremely scare. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults aged 45–60 years. The present cross-sectional study includes 2560 participants who reported their dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. We used log-binomial regression analysis to examine the associations between dietary patterns and hypertension risk. Four major dietary patterns were identified and labeled as traditional Chinese, animal food, western fast-food, and high-salt patterns. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of animal food pattern scores had a greater prevalence ratio (PR) for hypertension (PR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.064–1.727; p < 0.05) in comparison to those from the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of high-salt pattern, the highest quartile had a higher prevalence ratio for hypertension (PR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.013–1.635; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that animal food and high-salt patterns were associated with increased risk of hypertension, while traditional Chinese and western fast-food patterns were not associated with the risk of hypertension. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.