High Level Of Safety Research Articles

Assessment of Internet Safety, Cybersecurity Awareness and Risks in Technology Environment among College Students

The study examined the internet safety, cybersecurity and risks in technology environment. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised 100 respondents drawn randomly online were used. College students cybersecurity awareness scale (r = 0.84) was used to collect data. Frequency counts and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data collected. 52 (52%) of the respondents are of age 16-20 years. Thirty-eight (38%) males responded while 62 (62%) are female and 89 (89%) maintain high levels of internet safety, and seventy-eight (78%) cybersecurity awareness. There is a linear relationship between predictor variables (internet safety and cybersecurity awareness) and risk in the technology environment r = 0.777. Internet safety (β = 0.823; t (98) = 10.816; p < .05) contributed most followed by cybersecurity awareness (β = 0.099; t (98) = 1.299; p < .05). It was deduced from the findings that there more users of high level of internet safety and cybersecurity awareness among college students. There is significant effect of internet safety and cybersecurity awareness on risk in technology environment. Although some of the internet safety measures are not well observed as they were considered not necessary. It is therefore recommended that all safety measures must be taken seriously by college students, as well as other technology users.

Facial Gold Reinforcement: 28 Years of Experience in the Use of Gold Threads

Introduction: Gold threads became widely used in esthetic surgery in the early 1990s. Produced in Spain, these threads consisted of a gold thread (5/0) with a diameter of 0.1 mm, composed of 99.99% pure gold, which was combined with a polyglycolic thread. Since then, discussions about their effectiveness have continued, which is the focus of our study. Patients and Methods: Gold thread implantation was performed on 11,062 patients in four clinics in Moscow over the course of 28 years. This study used a comparative analysis of photo collages created for the visual representation of data and changes before and after the procedure, as well as patient satisfaction assessments using the Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS). We examined the results of 492 patients who underwent gold thread implantation in the face between 1996 and 2024. Of these patients, 86% were women aged 30 to 60 years, 11% were women aged 20 to 30 years, and 3% were men aged 25 to 60 years. Results: One year after thread implantation, the PSS assessment showed a 91% success rate with minimal complications. Patient satisfaction was high, with an average score of 4.8 out of 5 after one month, 4.7 after six months, and 4.6 after one-year post-procedure. Discussion: Gold thread implantation is a minimally invasive procedure that has demonstrated a high level of safety, making it an effective option for facial rejuvenation. Histological studies have shown that gold threads stimulate the production of collagen and elastin and activate angiogenesis, thereby improving skin nourishment and hydration, as well as enhancing the skin tone, elasticity, and turgor. To improve the qualitative characteristics of the skin, it is necessary to work in the subcutaneous layer. Conclusions: Gold thread implantation strengthens the connective tissue framework at the implantation site, thus improving skin nourishment and hydration. Gold threads provide a long-term rejuvenating effect, slowing the ptosis of the soft tissue of the face and neck. Gold thread implantation does not interfere with tissue dissection during surgical interventions or the performance of any cosmetic procedures, including hardware-based treatments.

Microcrystalline-Fe2P4O12 as eco-friendly and efficient anode for high-performance dual-ion battery

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) have garnered significant interest because of their cost-effectiveness and high level of safety. However, the anode typically utilized tends to show low cyclic stability in complete batteries when the only sources of lithium are primarily consumed in the electrolyte following the development of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the initial electrochemical process. Here, a simple approach is used to produce microcrystalline carbon-coated Fe2P4O12 at a mild temperature. This material has the ability to store lithium ions, resulting in a specific capacity of 215 mAh/g at a potential range of 1 to 2.5 V vs Li+/Li0. Furthermore, it demonstrates a remarkable coulombic efficiency of 99 % in the initial cycles, even in the absence of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. On the other hand, the issue of the high voltage plateau of the graphite cathode is addressed by selecting a total of 4.2 V as the optimal voltage range in DIBs. Simultaneously, the composite Fe2P4O12 also demonstrates exceptional ion diffusion kinetics and reduced interfacial impedance due to its microcrystalline structure. The utilization of the proposed Fe2P4O12 anode addresses a crucial deficiency in the complete range of deep in-situ bioremediation techniques, hence expediting the industrialization process.

Hepatocellular carcinoma hosts cholinergic neural cells and tumoral hepatocytes harboring targetable muscarinic receptors

Background & aimsUnexplained interpatient variation and treatment failure in HCC prompt for renewed approaches. Hepatic neurons, belonging to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), mediate liver/whole body cross-talks. Pathological innervation of the ANS have been identified in cancer, nurturing tumor stroma and conferring stronger carcinogenic properties. MethodsWe characterized the innervation of liver tumors from the French Liver Biobank, then applied bioinformatics to the TCGA, several other datasets and a European validation cohort, to re-evaluate patient stratification. Cell biology and pharmacology studies were also done. ResultsDensely packed nucleated DCX+, synaptophysin+, NeuN+, VAChT+, TH-, CD31-, CD45- clusters, to date undetected, were identified in human HCCs, and independently confirmed by scRNA-seq data. Using the new concept of neuronal score, human and rat HCCs displayed tightly netrin-1-associated neural reconfiguration towards cholinergic polarity along with CLD progression, cancer onset and many features of aggressive (proliferative class) HCC, including shortened survival. This score was conditioned by tumoral hepatocytes, and predicted sorafenib efficacy in the STORM HCC phase 3 trial. Conversely, intratumoral adrenergic lymphocytes were enriched in TEMRA and cytotoxic phenotypes. Amongst all cholinergic transcripts, the medically-targeted CHRM3 receptor was enriched in HCC and associated with cells’ and tumors’ pathogenic traits, displayed adverse prognostic value by the log-rank test in HCC stages 1-2, while collapsing upon experimental re-differentiation. Its pharmacological inhibition by low concentrations of anticholinergic drugs, but not cholinomimetics, decreased anchorage-independent and anoikis growth, synergized with sorafenib and lenvatinib in HCC class 1 to 3 lines, yet not in primary human hepatocytes, and preserved mature hepatocytic functions. ConclusionThese data identify cholinergic processes as instrumental in liver carcinogenesis, and support the use of EMA/FDA-approved cholinergic drugs in HCC research. Impact and implicationsHCC care has long been hampered by the enigmatic nature of disease evolution, as well as of response or resistance to treatment. Hepatic neurons are likely the least studied liver cell type and mediate patients singularities to the organ in real-time. Cholinergic inputs identified in this study as pathogenic may be targeted with the well charted pharmacopoeia of neurotropic drugs already available, for basic or clinical research purposes, with an expected high level of safety.

Clinical Observation of the Therapeutic Effects of Wenzhong Hewei Formula in Treating Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency Syndrome in Internal Medicine Diseases

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Wenzhong Hewei Formula in treating spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome in internal medicine diseases. Methods: Sixty patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome admitted to the hospital from April 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into observation and control groups, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional internal medicine treatment, while the observation group was additionally treated with Wenzhong Hewei Formula on the basis of conventional treatment. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Results: The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of both groups were significantly lower than before treatment, with the observation group showing a more pronounced reduction (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Wenzhong Hewei Formula can effectively improve clinical symptoms in patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome, enhance clinical efficacy, and have a high level of safety, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Risk-Aware Lane Change and Trajectory Planning for Connected Autonomous Vehicles Based on a Potential Field Model

To enhance the safety of lane changes for connected autonomous vehicles in an intelligent transportation environment, this study draws from potential field theory to analyze variations in the risks that vehicles face under different traffic conditions. The safe minimum vehicle distance is dynamically adjusted, and a comprehensive vehicle risk potential field model is developed. This model systematically quantifies the risks encountered by connected autonomous vehicles during the driving process, providing a more accurate assessment of safety conditions. Subsequently, vehicle motion is decoupled into lateral and longitudinal components within the Frenet coordinate system, with quintic polynomials employed to generate clusters of potential trajectories. To improve computational efficiency, trajectory evaluation metrics are developed based on vehicle dynamics, incorporating factors such as acceleration, jerk, and curvature. An initial filtering process is applied to these trajectories, yielding a refined set of candidates. These candidate trajectories are further assessed using a minimum safety distance model derived from potential field theory, with optimization focusing on safety, comfort, and efficiency. The algorithm is tested in a three-lane curved simulation environment that includes both constant-speed and variable-speed lane change scenarios. Results show that the collision risk between the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles remains below the minimum safety distance threshold throughout the lane change process, ensuring a high level of safety. Furthermore, across various driving conditions, the target vehicle’s acceleration, jerk, and trajectory curvature remained well within acceptable limits, demonstrating that the proposed lane change trajectory planning algorithm successfully balances safety, comfort, and smoothness, even in complex traffic environments.

Risk assessment for Na-Zn liquid metal batteries

Background Na-Zn liquid metal batteries, which operate at 600 °C, have recently been proposed as inexpensive stationary energy storage devices. As with any other electrochemical cell, their fabrication and operation involves certain risks, which need to be well understood in order to be minimised. Methods A risk assessment according to ISO 12100 is performed at the cell level for operating Na-Zn cells in the laboratory environment. Hazard identification and risk evaluation are systematically addressed, including a thorough literature review, theoretical calculations and selected experiments. Results Cell overpressure is found to be one of the main risks – and might be caused either by mistakes in battery production (humidity) or operation (over-charge/discharge). In terms of cell housing, the weakest component is clearly the feedthrough. Its failure might lead to the release of hazardous aerosols to the environment. In this context, the candidate electrolyte components LiCl and BaCl2 are especially dangerous, and should therefore be reduced or avoided if possible. Conclusions Overall, Na-Zn cells are expected to reach a very high safety level, similar to state-of-the-art ZEBRA technology, as they are not prone to thermal runaway. However, considering the still low TRL level and open questions concerning the durability of certain parts of their housing, the batteries should preferably be operated under a fume hood.

Clinical efficacy of Endostar continuous infusion combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using Endostar continuous infusion for treating oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 62 patients with oesophageal carcinoma were divided into three groups: the Endostar continuous infusion group (n = 27), the Endostar intravenous drip group (n = 21) and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (n = 14). All patients underwent oesophageal radiotherapy (56-60 Gy) alongside concurrent chemotherapy (4 mg of raltitrexed +100 mg of oxaliplatin, two cycles). In the Endostar continuous infusion group, 210 mg of Endostar was administered via infusion once every 3 weeks for 72 h, repeated for two cycles. The Endostar intravenous drip group received a dosage of 15 mg/day of Endostar, administered once daily for 14 days, repeated for two cycles. The objective response rate (ORR) (complete remission + partial remission), progression-free survival (PFS), 2-year overall survival (2y-OS) and adverse reactions were observed. In the Endostar continuous infusion, intravenous drip and concurrent chemoradiotherapy groups, the ORR was 100, 95.2 and 78.6%, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the continuous infusion and concurrent chemoradiotherapy groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the continuous infusion and intravenous drip groups or the intravenous drip and concurrent chemoradiotherapy groups (p > 0.05). The continuous infusion and intravenous drip groups had higher PFS rates than the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (p < 0.05). Regarding the 2y-OS rate, no statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions among the groups (p > 0.05). Concurrent chemotherapy based on endostatin is effective and safe in the treatment of OSCC. Continuous 3-day Endostar infusion treatment can significantly enhance both short-and long-term therapy efficacy in patients while maintaining a high level of safety.

Comparative study on the Impact of Transcranial Magnetic stimulation and Bio-feedback on overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common clinical presentation in patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and biofeedback on overactive bladder in patients with multiple sclerosis. This research included 45 individuals with multiple sclerosis of both sexes. We randomly divided them into three equal groups (A, B, and C). Patients in group A got biofeedback training and pelvic floor exercise (PFME); patients in group B had transcranial magnetic treatment and PFME; and patients in group C had PFME. Urodynamic measurements were utilized to determine bladder parameters (detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate, bladder volume at initial desire to empty, maximum cystometric capacity, detrusor pressure, and maximum flow rate) for all groups before and after a six-week training interval (the end of therapy). There was a statistically significant improvement in all urodynamic measurement parameters within the groups (Groups A, B and C). Except for the maximal cystometric capacity and detrusor pressure were non-significant improvement in B before and after therapy. However, there was no significant difference between the three groups following therapy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and biofeedback improved bladder function in patients with multiple sclerosis. These approaches have a high level of safety and effectiveness, but EMG biofeedback has superiority.

Real-world analysis of safety, tolerability, and adherence to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (paxlovid) in primary care COVID-19 outpatients.

This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and adherence of patients prescribed Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) in outpatient settings, focusing on its use in managing category 2 COVID-19 patients across three primary healthcare clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Data were collected from the Paxlovid pharmacy registry and medical records at Klinik Kesihatan Seksyen 7, Klinik Kesihatan Seksyen 19, and Klinik Kesihatan Kelana Jaya between April 1, 2022, and November 30, 2022. This study analysed data from 415 category 2 COVID-19 patients aged ≥ 18years. The primary and secondary outcomes included the assessment of patient demographics, Paxlovid dosing, current medication, changes in drug regimen, adherence, and adverse drug reactions (ADR). Pharmacists follow-ups were conducted on days 3 and 5 post-medication initiation. The majority (79.5%) of the cohort experienced ADR, predominantly dysgeusia, diarrhoea, body ache, vomiting, and nausea. Despite this, the ADRs were generally well-tolerated, with no severe impacts reported. High adherence was observed, with 96.9% of patients completing the 5-day regimen. The primary reasons for non-adherence included adverse effect intolerability, dosing ambiguity, forgetfulness, concerns about ADR, and perceived health improvement. Notable medications interacting with Paxlovid were simvastatin, amlodipine, and atorvastatin, and 21.7% of 23 concurrent medications were found not to comply with the recommended interventions by the University of Liverpool COVID-19 Drug Interaction database. Paxlovid demonstrates a high level of safety and tolerability in outpatient COVID-19 patients, with optimal adherence observed. This study underscores the vital role of healthcare professionals in managing Paxlovid within primary healthcare and highlights the need for broader research and direct patient involvement to enhance treatment strategies against COVID-19.

Heat-Resistant Covalent Organic Framework (COF) PVA-Hybridized Gel Electrolyte for the Preparation of Dendrite-Free Zinc-Ion Batteries.

High-performance zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their high theoretical capacity and high level of safety. Herein, we propose a covalent organic framework (COF) hybrid poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based gel electrolyte, which can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ and achieve dendrite-free formation. By grafting sulfonic acid groups on the surface of COFs to absorb Zn2+, we can strengthen the interaction between strong ions and dipoles in the electrolyte, improve the ionic conductivity, and achieve stable Zn2+ electroplating and stripping. Due to the good thermal stability of the COF material itself, the gel electrolyte hybrid with the PVA hydrogel shows high mechanical strength and good heat resistance and is capable of stable cycling for >1000 h at 50 °C, with a capacity retention rate of ≤75%. This study provides a new approach for developing high-temperature-resistant and highly stable dendrite-free ZIBs.

Antidepressant Herbal Plants: An Updated Review

The symptoms of this illness include mood swings, protracted melancholy, disinterest, and diminished cognitive performance. These symptoms give the patient discomfort and have a substantial negative impact on their capacity to function and lead fulfilling personal, social, and professional lives. Depression treatment has to be comprehensive and involve medicine. For several centuries, herbal chemicals have been the subject of scientific inquiry, and ongoing studies are being conducted to explore their possible medical benefits. Herbs used in traditional medicine have been shown to be highly beneficial in lowering depression and its symptoms as well as enhancing patient function. Plants are used in biology and medicine in a variety of ways. They are an excellent resource for the creation of innovative drugs due to their high levels of safety, accessibility, availability, tolerance, and low levels of toxicity. Depression is caused by a multitude of variables, such as inflammation, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and 5-HT). Herbal medicines have gained a lot of attention lately since they are less costly and have less adverse effects than traditional depression treatments. Recent years have seen a significant amount of study on the possible application of sedative and antidepressant plants. The primary emphasis of this review has been herbal medications with antidepressant properties. Keywords: Depression, herbal medications. Herb, antidepressant plants

Fiber‐Integrated Diamond Quantum Sensor for High‐Voltage Current Measurements

AbstractIn power network systems, there is an urgent demand for highly accurate and miniaturized sensors, owing to their high safety level and limited installation space. Current sensors in high‐voltage grids are required to accommodate harsh environments and provide accurate measurements of several kiloamperes. Thus, this study proposed an integrated quantum diamond sensor to facilitate high‐accuracy, large‐dynamic‐range current measurements. The design incorporated optical fiber and directional microwave (MW) antennas to drive the diamond sensor, which significantly reduced the size and power consumption on the high‐voltage side. Remote‐control and demodulation systems are installed more than 10 m away from the low‐voltage side. The proposed approach achieved zero power consumption on the high‐voltage side and ensured efficient signal transmission. A passive diamond probe manufactured using microfabrication processes facilitated miniaturization and practical deployment. Through parameter optimization, a magnetic detection sensitivity of 4.86 nT·Hz−1/2 is achieved at a safe distance of 11 m, which can be further optimized to 0.77 nT·Hz−1/2 with enhanced MW power. This sensor achieved a current measurement error of ±0.4% in the 1000 A measurement range. Thus, this study provides a new solution for the application of diamond quantum sensors in power systems.

Design and Implementation of Tabletop Cybersecurity Simulation for Health Informatics Graduate Students.

Experiential learning through simulation allows students to apply didactic knowledge to real-world situations. Tabletop simulation allows for the exploration of a variety of topics, including cybersecurity in health care. Due to its low frequency, yet high-risk nature, simulation is a perfect educational modality to practice responding to a cybersecurity attack. As such, the authors designed and executed a tabletop cybersecurity simulation consisting of a prebriefing, four rounds of injects detailing potential cybersecurity breaches that students must address, and structured debriefings that included input from cybersecurity content experts. This simulation was performed in 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023, during graduate Health Informatics (HI) students' residential visits. The simulation allowed opportunities for HI students to apply knowledge of cybersecurity principles to an unfolding tabletop simulation containing injects of scenarios they may encounter in the real world. Survey data were used to assess the students' perceptions of the simulation. Topics assessed included overall satisfaction, teamwork and communication, and length of the event. Additionally, in 2022 and 2023, data were collected on psychological safety and whether to include them in future HI residential visits. Eighty-eight graduate HI students took part in the cybersecurity simulation over four annual residential visits. Most students were satisfied with the event, found it valuable, and could see it impacting their future practice as informaticists. Additionally, students indicated high levels of psychological safety. Multiple students requested that additional simulations be incorporated into the curriculum. A tabletop cybersecurity simulation was utilized to allow HI students the ability to apply knowledge related to cybersecurity breaches to real-world examples. The simulation's best practices of prebriefing, psychological safety, and structured debriefing with expert feedback were emphasized in the simulation's design and implementation. Students found the simulation valuable and worth including in the curriculum.

DESIGN and be SMART: Eleven engineering challenges to achieve sustainable air transportation under safety assurance in the year 2050

The aviation industry faces various challenges in meeting long-term sustainability goals amidst surging demand for air travel and growing environmental concerns of the general public. The year 2050 is set as an ambitious goal for net zero emissions, a substantial reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per passenger kilometer flown, major improvements in aircraft energy efficiency, and a development towards autonomous, intelligent operations. This review explores the pivotal role of advancements in engineering for achieving sustainability in aviation. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, our work highlights how innovations in all aspects of aircraft engineering coupled with operations-related technologies, offer promising solutions to mitigate environmental impact, enhance efficiency, and ensure long-term sustainability in aviation operations. To discuss the necessary advances, we promote the so-called ‘DESIGN and be SMART’ framework, consisting of eleven complementary engineering challenges towards reaching sustainability. To address the high safety levels reached in air transportation, our DESIGN and be SMART framework also addresses the safety assurance challenge that is overarching each of the eleven engineering challenges. We believe that through an orchestrated integration of hardware advancements with innovative software solutions, and novel safety assurance methods, the aviation industry can realize synergistic benefits that drive sustainable growth of air transportation. Our review contributes to such an orchestration by describing the status quo and research challenges ahead.

Point-of-care ultrasound of the inflammatory bowel disease

Background. The widespread use of portable ultrasound scanners has advanced the concept of ultrasound diagnosis (POCUS), namely «ultrasound examination (US) is performed at the bedside and is interpreted directly by a physician». Pocus is not a substitute for complex ultrasound, but rather allows the ultrasound doctor to quickly access clinical images for rapid diagnosis and effective examination and treatment of patients. Purpose – the work to identify ultrasound signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using POCUS. Materials and Methods. 70 patients aged 18 to 39 years (24 men and 46 women, mean age – 30.3 ± 13.7 years). The first group of patients included 32 people with a morphologically confirmed CD diagnosis, the second group included 38 people with a morphologically confirmed UC diagnosis. The control group consisted of 2 8 patients with no clinical and laboratory data on gastrointestinal lesions. Results. It was shown that the ultrasound can assess the thickness of the intestinal wall with sensitivity – 90.3% and specificity – 87.1% and ROC – 0.882, differentiation of the wall layers, surrounding structures (omentum, mesentery, lymph nodes), as well as the localization of the affected intestinal segment. Color Doppler Mapping (CDM) method with a sensitivity of 86.5% and specificity of 81.5% and ROC of 0.852 allows not only to assume the presence of active inflammation in the wall of the affected intestinal segment, but also to monitor the dynamics of the process during treatment. Conclusion. In this work, the capabilities of POCUS for the diagnosis of IBD were evaluated. Correct and accurate interpretation of POCUS findings is not only an important diagnostic step, but also a complement to other radiation and endoscopic imaging techniques. The main advantage of POCUS over CT and MRI is its fast availability, low cost, and high level of safety. An experienced ultrasound doctor is needed to examine the gastrointestinal tract, so training with ultrasound doctors and mastering practical skills is key to ensuring the effective use of POCUS.

Особенности тревожности школьников во взаимосвязи с психологической безопасностью образовательной среды

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study aims to investigate the relationship between school anxiety and factors of psychological safety of the educational environment. Test subjects: 40 people. Group 1 &amp;mdash; 20 boys, average age: 14 years. Group 2 &amp;mdash; 20 girls, average age: 14 years. Methods: School Anxiety Diagnostic Method by R. Phillips, &amp;lsquo;Personal Anxiety Scale for students 10&amp;mdash;16 years old&amp;rsquo; by A. M. Prikhozhan, Questionnaire &amp;lsquo;Psychological Safety of Educational Environment (PSE)&amp;rsquo; by G. S. Kozhukhar, V. V. Kovrov, Mann-Whitney U-criterion, correlation analysis using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: comparative analysis showed that the experience of social stress and self-esteem anxiety are more pronounced in the group of girls. Significant differences were not found in the levels of psychological safety of the educational environment. Correlation analysis demonstrates the relationship of interpersonal, school and self-esteem anxiety with the factors of psychological safety of the educational environment. Conclusions: the level of anxiety is negatively associated with satisfaction with the educational environment, in turn, this leads to an increase in problems and fears in relationships with the teacher, with difficulties in self-expression (in boys). In girls, the level of anxiety is also negatively associated with satisfaction with the educational environment and this is manifested in fear of knowledge testing and social stress. There is a gender-dependent correlation between schoolchildren's anxiety and indicators of psychological safety of the educational environment. In order to overcome the problems associated with the increase in the level of anxiety among schoolchildren, it is necessary to ensure a high level of safety of the educational environment.&lt;/p&gt;

Selected applications of satellite technologies in rail transport

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are increasingly being used in various modes of transport, including rail transport. When this technology is applied to railway traffic control, it is essential to ensure a high level of safety and reliability. The approval of a railway traffic control system requires a safety analysis, which includes hazard analysis and risk analysis. This also includes GNSS-based solutions in terms of their compliance with safety integrity requirements, i.e. THR (Tolerable Hazard Rate) and SIL (Safety Integrity Level) parameters, as defined in normative documents. In the case of railway traffic control systems, the level of dependability of the determined train position, referred to as position integrity, is very important in ensuring safety. Position integrity is affected by many factors, including: errors due to SIS (Signal-In-Space) propagation, multipath errors, signal interference or GNSS receiver errors. In order to improve position integrity, among other things, new data processing methods can be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The paper presents the concept of satellite signal processing for precise determination of the position of objects in selected railway systems. The Kalman filter based model of satellite signal filtration and its selected applications, which were tested in the real condition, was presented. The application of Kalman filtration indicated in the paper is a universal method that improves the estimated measurement parameters and can be used in many applications of satellite systems for railway tasks. The applicability of satellite systems to automatic train operation, defect positioning in automatic and manual flaw detection tests, determining track spatial orientation and train integrity control have been considered. The conducted tests confirmed the correctness of the adopted concept and the model of satellite signals filtration developed for this purpose. According to the authors, the described methods can also be used in many other tasks related to rail transport.

Non-pathogenic Trojan horse Nissle1917 triggers mitophagy through PINK1/Parkin pathway to discourage colon cancer

Bacteria-mediated antitumor therapy has gained widespread attention for its innate tumor-targeting capability and excellent immune activation properties. Nevertheless, the clinical approval of bacterial therapies remains elusive primarily due to the formidable challenge of balancing safety with enhancing in vivo efficacy. In this study, leveraging the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle1917 (EcN) emerges as a promising approach for colon cancer therapy, offering a high level of safety attributed to its lack of virulence factors and its tumor-targeting potential owing to its obligate anaerobic nature. Specifically, we delineate the erythrocyte (RBC) membrane-camouflaged EcN, termed as Trojan horse EcN@RBC, which triggers apoptosis in tumor cells by mitigating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and subsequently activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway associated with mitophagy. Concurrently, the decline in MMP induced by mitophagy disrupts the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), leading to the release of Cytochrome C and subsequent apoptosis induction. Moreover, synergistic effects were observed through the combination of the autophagy activator rapamycin, bolstering the antitumor efficacy in vivo. These findings offer novel insights into probiotic-mediated antitumor mechanisms and underscore the therapeutic potential of EcN@RBC for colon cancer patients.

Remote control of the technical condition of metro trains using seismological tools

As urban road congestion increases and people shift to using the subway, the safety of under-ground transportation becomes a priority. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a monitoring sys-tem for subway trains to detect malfunctions that occur during operation. The article proposes an engineering seismology method for remote monitoring of the technical condition of metro trains based on the analysis of micro seismic vibrations. This method allows remote control of the dynamic parameters of each train and their deviations from the norm. The authors demonstrate how a seismic recorder placed in a building adjacent to a metro station can be used to monitor changes in the amplitude-frequency spectrum of vibro seismic recordings. It is used to determine the arrival and departure times of trains, and it is shown that observations are best made for departures due to their more pronounced signal amplitude. The recorded signal of a metro train should fall within a certain frequency range, which is determined based on its average values, and any deviation of the observed signal spectrum from this norm indicates changes in the train's condition. The proposed approach not only helps improve passenger safety, but also reduces the risk of emergencies associated with technical malfunctions of rolling stock. In the future, it is possible to develop software equipped with a database of statistical data, which will allow even more efficient control of metro operations and prompt response to any deviations, thus ensuring a high level of safety and comfort for passengers.