High-rate Lithium-ion Storage Research Articles

Lattice distortion induced rock salt high-entropy oxide for high-rate lithium-ion storage

High entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered increasing attention as novel anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high structural stability and ideal element tunability. However, the defect engineering for boosting the electrochemical performance remains a major challenge. In this study, lattice distortion modulation is implemented through low-temperature post-processing strategy (post-annealed at 723 K for different times) on rock-salt-type (Co0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)O to boost its Li+ storage performance. It can be concluded that lattice distortion induces suitable amounts of oxygen-vacancies, thereby enhancing intrinsic conductivity and facilitating electron/ion migration kinetic. Thus, the optimal CCNMZ-10 (post-annealed at 723 K for 10 min) electrode exhibits an impressive reversible capacity of 993 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 150 cycles, superior rate capability (66.3 % capacity retention from 100 to 3000 mA g−1), and outstanding high-rate capacity of 771 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1000 mAh g−1. Meanwhile, it also delivers an ultra-high pseudocapacitive contribution of 92.7 % at 1 mV s−1. This work demonstrates a promising strategy to effectively enhance the electrochemical performance of HEOs through lattice distortion defects, and also opens new perspectives on the development of defect-rich HEO anode materials.

Synthesis of a MOF-derived magnetite quantum dots on surface modulated reduced graphene oxide composite for high-rate lithium-ion storage

A Fe3O4 QDs@C/RGO composite anode with superior rate capabilities is rationally engineered from a metal–organic framework (MOF) domain on surface modulated RGO precursor.

Preparation and High-rate Lithium-ion Storage of Hollow Sphere Perovskite High-entropy Oxides Assisted by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Preparation and High-rate Lithium-ion Storage of Hollow Sphere Perovskite High-entropy Oxides Assisted by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Synergetic effect of lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies on high-rate lithium-ion storage in high-entropy perovskite oxides

Synergetic effect of lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies on high-rate lithium-ion storage in high-entropy perovskite oxides

Nano silver modified TiNb2O7 as high-rate lithium-ion storage materials

Nano silver modified TiNb2O7 as high-rate lithium-ion storage materials

Insert organic molecules into Nb2C layers through hydrogen bonds towards high-rate lithium ion storage

Insert organic molecules into Nb2C layers through hydrogen bonds towards high-rate lithium ion storage

A biomass-based hierarchical carbon via MOFs-assisted synthesis for high-rate lithium-ion storage

A hierarchical nanostructured biomass-based carbon material derived from banana peels slurry and ZIF-8 hybrids (HNBZC) is introduced with excellent lithium-ion storage and rate capability. HNBZC was prepared through a hollow MOFs-assisted hard template strategy, in which we can easily control the pore size and doping element content to further improve the electrochemical performance of biomass-based carbon. HNBZC can reversibly deliver a capacity of 620 mAh g−1 at current densities of 20 mA g−1, and 61 mAh g−1 is still obtained at a high current density of 50 A g−1. Furthermore, a capacity retention ratio of 80% is achieved after 780 cycles at 5 A g−1. Our results indicate a promising method to obtain a carbon material with enhanced electrochemical performance based on natural biomass waste.

Carbon coated Nb2O5 nanosheets via dopamine-induced phase transition for high-rate lithium-ion battery

Nb2O5 has attracted great attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to relatively high rate-capacity, fast charge/discharge ability and excellent cycling performance. Unfortunately, the poor electron conductivity restricts its application. In this work, we report an effective method to synthesize large-size Nb2O5 nanosheets wrapped within carbon layer (denoted as Nb2O5@C) by using layered K4Nb6O17 (abbreviated as KN) as the templates of dopamine polymerization, followed by the carbonization. It is demonstrated that dopamine not only serves as the carbon source, but also promotes the phase transition and the morphology transition. The obtained Nb2O5@C nanosheets with enhanced electron conductivity deliver outstanding rate capability (485, 372, 304, 267 and 232 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 A g−1, respectively) with a low capacity fading-rate of about 0.02% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This work may provide a helpful strategy in developing the high-rate lithium-ion storage applications for other related materials.

Interfacial engineering for metal oxide/nitride nano-heterojunctions towards high-rate lithium-ion storage

A built-in electric field (BIEF) is induced at the interface of TMOs/TMNs nano-heterojunctions, which is responsible for high Li+ adsorbability and low Li+ diffusion barrier. Such interfacial effects endow the TMOs/TMNs with high-rate Li+ storage.

Facile self-assembly of carbon-free vanadium sulfide nanosheet for stable and high-rate lithium-ion storage

Metal sulfides are recognized as potential candidates for the anode materials of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity. However, the low reaction kinetics of metal sulfides leads to their poor cycle life and rate performance, which limits their practical application in the field of energy storage. In this work, we synthesized a self-assembled carbon-free vanadium sulfide (V3S4) nanosheet via a facile and efficient method. The unique mesoporous nanostructure of V3S4 can not only accelerate the migration of ions/electrons, but also alleviate the volume expansion during the lithium ion insertion/extraction process. When used as the anode material of LIBs, the carbon-free V3S4 electrode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance with ultra-high charge capacity (1099.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability (668.8 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 and 588.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and impressive cycling ability (369.6 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 10 A g -1), which is very competitive compared with those of most metal sulfides-based anode materials reported so far. The strategy in this work provides inspiration for the rational design of advanced nanostructured electrode materials for energy storage devices.

Carbon nitride derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets for high-rate lithium-ion storage

Carbonaceous materials are practical anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Commercial graphite anode has a limited theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g−1. Amorphous carbon anode could break the capacity limitation of the graphite anode, while nitrogen doping plays a critical role in effectively enhancing the reversible capacities and rate capability of carbonaceous anodes. Herein, we propose a new strategy for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon materials from graphitic carbon nitride. Zinc-assisted thermal treatment of graphitic carbon nitride enables the carbonization of graphitic carbon nitride and successful preparation of highly nitrogen-doped carbon. The obtained nitrogen-doped carbon material is doped with a high-level nitrogen of 21.6 at. % which enables high reversible capacity and rate capability. This work puts forward a new synthesis protocol of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for promising anodes of lithium-ion batteries.

Hierarchical goethite nanoparticle and tin dioxide quantum dot anchored on reduced graphene oxide for long life and high rate lithium-ion storage

The synergetic effect between two or more electrochemically active materials usually leads to superior lithium-ion storage performance. This work demonstrates a straightforward and effective approach to synthesize a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) encapsulated larger goethite (FeOOH) nanoparticles and smaller tin dioxide (SnO2) quantum dots hierarchical composite (SnO2@FeOOH/RGO). The synthesized SnO2@FeOOH/RGO composite exhibits encouraging lithium-ion storage capability than controlled SnO2/RGO and FeOOH/RGO samples with a stable specific capacity of 638 mAh·g−1 under a high current rate of 1000 mA·g−1 for 2000 continual cycles and good rate performance. The redox reaction between reductive metal-atoms or metal-ions and graphene oxide (GO) sheets guarantees an effective immobilization of corresponding nano-sized metal oxide and hydroxide crystals by the RGO framework. Furthermore, the engineered larger FeOOH crystals engage in lithium-ion storage and perform an ideal spacer between the restacked RGO sheets. Therefore, smaller SnO2 quantum dots’ inherent excellent rate capability is extensively promoted due to the improvement of electrolyte diffusion and electron transfer condition. The sample design and fabrication method in this work might be developed for broader applications.

Multifunctional ionic liquid-assisted interfacial engineering towards ZnS nanodots with ultrastable high-rate lithium storage performance

A nanocomposite with ultrastable high-rate lithium-ion storage performance was prepared through an interfacial engineering strategy based on a zinc-containing ionic liquid.

Synthesis of a zinc ferrite effectively encapsulated by reduced graphene oxide composite anode material for high-rate lithium ion storage

Effectively immobilizing nano-sized electrochemical active materials with a 3D porous framework constituted by conductive graphene sheets brings in enhanced lithium ion storage properties. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) supported zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) composite anode material (ZnFe2O4/RGO) is fabricated by a simple and effective method. Firstly, redox reaction takes place between the oxygen-containing functional groups on few-layered graphene oxide (GO) sheets and controlled quantity of metallic Zn atoms. ZnO nanoparticles are in-situ nucleated and directly grow on GO sheets. Secondly, the GO sheets are completely reduced by abundant Fe atoms, and corresponding γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are formed neighboring the ZnO nanoparticles. In this step, 3D porous RGO supporting framework are constructed with γ-Fe2O3@ZnO nanoparticles effectively encapsulated between the RGO layers. Finally, the well-designed γ-Fe2O3@ZnO/RGO intermediate product undergoes a thermal treatment to allow a solid-state reaction and obtains the ZnFe2O4/RGO composite. At a high current rate of 1.0 A·g−1, the ZnFe2O4/RGO composite exhibits an inspiring reversible capacity of 1022 mAh·g−1 for 500 consecutive cycles as anode material for lithium ion batteries. And the insight into the attractive lithium storage performance has been studied in this work.

Self-supported hierarchical porous Li4Ti5O12/carbon arrays for boosted lithium ion storage

Abstract The development of fast rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is highly dependent on the innovation of advanced high-power electrode materials. In this work, for the first time, we report a sacrificial NiO arrays template method for controllable synthesis of self-supported hierarchical porous Li4Ti5O12/C (LTO/C) nanoflakes arrays, for use as fast rechargeable anodes for LIBs. The ultrathin (2–3 nm) carbon layer was uniformly coated on the LTO forming arrays architecture. The hierarchical porous LTO/C nanoflakes consisted of primary cross-linked nanoparticles of 50–100 nm and showed large porosity. Because of the enhanced electrical conductivity and accelerated ion transfer channels, the well-designed binder-free porous LTO/C nanoflakes arrays exhibited notable high-rate lithium ion storage performance with smaller polarization, better electrochemical reactivity, higher specific capacity (157 mAh g−1 at the current density of 20C) and improved long-term cycling life (96.2% after 6000 cycles at 20 C), superior to the unmodified porous LTO arrays counterpart (126 mAh g−1 at 20C and 88.0% after 6000 cycles at 20 C). Our work provides a new template for the construction of high-performance high-rate electrodes for electrochemical energy storage.

Electron density modulation of GaN nanowires by manganese incorporation for highly high-rate Lithium-ion storage

Gallium nitride (GaN) has high theoretical capacity and low discharge platform. However, it still suffers from poor conductivity and unsatisfactory cycle performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, the doped manganese (Mn) are realized in GaN nanowires through a simple and straight forward chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. When the successful Mn doping was carefully examined in structural characterizations, it is discovered at the atomic level that the species of Mn dopants in GaN nanowires only exist in the feature of Mn+ rather than of metallic Mn, which can significantly promote the electrical conductivity and Li-ions transfer. The tested Mn doped GaN nanowire arrays electrode exhibit the capacity up to 780.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 326.8 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 500 cycles, respectively. The tight and direct contact between Mn doped GaN nanowires and graphite layer provides ultrafast electronic transfer. Density functional theory (DFT) studies confirm that Mn covalent doping can generate the change of local atomic arrangement. Moreover, the electronic structure change significantly increase the electrical conductivity for the fast charge transfer efficiency. This covalent doping strategy for the electron densities regulation could boost the Li-ions storage performance for developing advanced electrode materials in energy storage and beyond.

Three-dimensional TiNb2O7 anchored on carbon nanofiber core-shell arrays as an anode for high-rate lithium ion storage.

The control of structure and morphology in an electrode design for the development of large-power lithium ion batteries is crucial to create efficient transport pathways for ions and electrons. Herein, we report a powerful combinational strategy to build omnibearing conductive networks composed of titanium niobium oxide nanorods and carbon nanofibers (TNO/CNFs) via an electrostatic spinning method and a hydrothermal method into free-standing arrays with a three-dimensional heterostructure core/shell structure. TNO/CNF electrode exhibits significantly superior electrochemical performance and high-rate capability (241 mA h g−1 at 10C, and 208 mA h g−1 at 20C). The capacity of the TNO/CNF electrode is 257 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 20C, which is much higher than that of the TNO electrode. In particular, the TNO/CNF electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 153.6 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention of 95% after 5000 cycles at ultrahigh current density. Superior electrochemical performances of the TNO/CNF electrode are attributed to the unique composite structure.

Self-supported GaN nanowires with cation-defects, lattice distortion, and abundant active sites for high-rate lithium-ion storage

Although cation-deficient nanomaterials, especially one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, have demonstrated to be feasible in electrochemical energy storage as promising electrode materials, the effects of cation defects on charge transfer and electrode performance are not fully explored and understood. In this paper, the cation defects are generated in the as-prepared gallium nitride (GaN) via a cost-effective plasma process, serving as the reversible active sites to boost electrochemical performance by simultaneously promoting electrical conductivity and charge transfer. Several techniques, including XRD, TEM, XANES, cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc., are used to characterize and understand the material morphology, structure and composition as well as the electrochemical properties. Results show that the cation-deficient GaN nanowires have abundant nanochannels, which can facilitate the rapid ionic transfer. The anode of such a material cation can deliver much higher capacities of 746.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 370.2 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that benefited from the unique self-supported 1D architecture and cation defects, the local atomic arrangement and electronic structure can be tuned to significantly increase the electrical conductivity and charge transfer efficiency and subsequently boost lithium-ion storage for lithium-ion batteries. This strategy provides an accessible approach to utilize cation-defect nanomaterials for advanced electrochemical energy applications.

ZnFe2O4@PPy core-shell structure for high-rate lithium-ion storage

In lithium-ion batteries, ZnFe2O4 as an anode has attracted wide attention due to high theoretical capacity. However, volume expansion of ZnFe2O4 during charging and discharging limits its commercial application. ZnFe2O4 is synthesized by one-step solvothermal method and subsequent heat-treatment process. Polypyrrole (PPy) prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization is in-situ coated onto the surface of spherical ZnFe2O4 to form ZnFe2O4@PPy, and used to enhance electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance of ZnFe2O4. This core-shell structure alleviates effectively volume expansion during charging and discharging, and accelerates movement of lithium ions and electrons, thus ZnFe2O4@PPy possesses good electrochemical performance with the discharge capacities of 1182 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles and 906 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles.

Porous bowl-shaped VS2 nanosheets/graphene composite for high-rate lithium-ion storage

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) layered vanadium disulfide (VS2) is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high theoretical capacity. However, it remains a challenge to synthesize monodispersed ultrathin VS2 nanosheets to realize the full potential. Herein, a novel solvothermal method has been developed to prepare the monodispersed bowl-shaped NH3-inserted VS2 nanosheets (VS2). The formation of such a unique structure is caused by the blocked growth of (001) or (002) crystal planes in combination with a ripening process driven by the thermodynamics. The annealing treatment in Ar/H2 creates porous monodispersed VS2 (H-VS2), which is subsequently integrated with graphene oxide to form porous monodispersed H-VS2/rGO composite coupled with a reduction process. As an anode material for LIBs, H-VS2/rGO delivers superior rate performance and longer cycle stability: a high average capacity of 868/525 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1/10 A g−1; a reversible capacity of 1177/889 mAh g−1 after 150/500 cycles at 0.2/1 A g−1. Such excellent electrochemical performance may be attributed to the increased active sites available for lithium storage, the alleviated volume variations and the shortened Li-ion diffusion induced from the porous structure with large specific surface area, as well as the protective effect from graphene nanosheets.