High Pumping Rates Research Articles

Numerical Analysis of Random Lasing Properties of a Waveguide Defect within a Random Structure

We numerically examined the random lasing properties of a waveguide embedded in randomly distributed dielectric cylinders by employing a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method including rate equations. From the numerical results, we confirmed that, by optimizing the structure conditions, laser oscillations can be primarily induced in the long-lived modes bound in the waveguide and waveguide defects play important roles in manipulating the lasing properties of internal long-lived modes as well as the directional outputs via the waveguide in a random structure, even when multimode lasing occurs as a result of a high pumping rate.

Sand Cleanouts With Coiled Tubing: Choice of Process, Tools and Fluids

Summary Cleaning fill from wellbores is the most common coiled tubing (CT) application. The process is a function of multiple variables including fluid properties, flow velocities, wellbore geometry and deviation, pipe eccentricity, particle properties, fill penetration rate and wiper trip speed. Removing fill from wells with low bottom hole pressures (BHP) can be challenging especially if wells are completed with smaller diameter production tubulars which significantly reduce circulation flow cross-section and choke flow(1). Such challenges are further compounded by high deviation or horizontal well trajectories especially in large diameter wellbores. A variety of cleanout methods have been developed in the past, often incorporating high circulation rates, special fluids, wiper trips, or reverse circulation to remove solids. Many of these conventional sand cleanout methods often apply excess hydrostatic pressure on the formation, resulting in lost circulation in pressure depleted reservoirs. The conventional solution to overcome excess hydrostatic pressure has been to include nitrogen to reduce fluid density and thus lessen the hydrostatic head; however, sand vacuuming technology using a concentric coiled tubing (CCT) with a downhole jet pump is an alternative technique for removing fill without placing a hydrostatic load on the reservoir. This paper reviews the individual sand cleanout systems and discusses the advantages and limitations related to each method. In recent years, cleaning sand using the wiper trip method has become the preferred technique. However, an appropriate pump rate and reservoir pressure are needed to maintain a proper return flow rate to carry the sands to the surface. For pressure-depleted reservoirs completed with horizontal wells, a sand vacuuming system can be used to efficiently remove the debris without circulating nitrogen and without high pump rates. When the fill cannot be removed from large-diameter deviated wellbores using conventional low-cost cleanout fluids, then fluids with high solids suspension capability (under shear conditions) in conjunction with wiper tripping may be an economical option. The main application for the reverse circulation technique is cleaning sand from large diameter wellbores when the necessary pump rates for conventional "forward" circulation are not achievable. A venturi junk bailer is often used to retrieve larger or heavier material which cannot be circulated out by traditional methods. Field cases are provided, demonstrating how to select the proper cleaning method and how to efficiently remove sand from a wellbore based on both operational and logistical conditions.

Genes required for the functions of olfactory AWA neuron regulate the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans in an insulin/IGF signaling-dependent fashion

To investigate the interaction between the genes required for the functions of AWA olfactory neuron and insulin/IGF signaling in regulating the longevity of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The mutants that had loss-of-function mutation of the genes required for AWA, AWC, ASE, and AFD sensory neurons were employed. Lifespan, the speed of pharynx pumping, the intestinal autofluorescence, the dauer formation, and the brood size were examined. Rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of the genes required for the functions of AWA neuron in regulating lifespan. Moreover, genetic interactions between genes required for the functions of AWA neuron and insulin/IGF signaling were investigated. Mutations of odr-7, odr-2, and odr-3 genes required for the functions of AWA neuron significantly increased the mean lifespan of nematodes and slowed the accumulation of intestinal autofluorescence. Besides, these mutations were closely associated with higher pumping rates during aging. However, mutation of odr-7, odr-2, or odr-3 did not obviously affect the brood size or the dauer formation, and the regulation of longevity by odr-7, odr-2, and odr-3 was temperature-independent. In contrast, mutations of genes required for the functions of ASE, AWC, and AFD sensory neurons did not influence the nematode lifespan. Moreover, expression of odr-7, odr-2 and odr-3 in AWA neuron could completely or largely restore the altered lifespan in odr-7, odr-2 and odr-3 mutants. Furthermore, genetic interaction assay demonstrated that the extended lifespan in odr-7 mutant could be suppressed by daf-16 mutation and enhanced by daf-2 or age-1 mutation, whereas mev-1 and pha-4 were not required for the long lifespan of odr-7 mutant. The genes required for the function of AWA sensory neuron could regulate the nematode longevity in an insulin/IGF signaling-dependent fashion in C. elegans.

Observation of photorefractive simultons in lithium niobate

Spatial and temporal locking of fundamental and second harmonic pulses was realized by means of photorefractive nonlinearity and highly mismatched harmonic generation. Due to the presence of both phase-locked and unlocked second harmonic pulses, a twin simultonic state was observed. Simultonic filamentation occurring at high pumping rates allowed us to determine a relation between the simulton's waist and its intensity.

A Re-Circulating Tracer Well Test method for measuring reaction rates in fast-flowing aquifers: Conceptual and mathematical model

Summary Reactive groundwater tracer tests provide a practical means by which rates of reaction processes that constitute natural attenuation can be measured in aquifer systems. We present a two-well Re-Circulating Tracer Well Test (RCTWT) method that we conceive applicable to determining in situ reaction rates in fast-flowing alluvial aquifers where conventional small-scale single-well tracer tests, such as the push–pull test, might be impractical. The RCTWT concept was analysed mathematically and breakthrough curve datasets were generated using a numerical model to simulate hypothetical aquifer systems from which the sensitivity of the RCTWT method to governing mathematical variables was analysed. A simplified data interpretation method for determining reaction rates from observed RCTWT breakthrough data was developed. It was demonstrated that the efficiency of the RCTWT is strongly affected by the degree of aquifer heterogeneity and the performance can be optimised by applying a high pumping rate along with a short doublet well-spacing. The simplified method provided reasonably accurate estimates of first-order reaction rate coefficients when evaluated using the hypothetical datasets, from which it was concluded that the RCTWT is a valid concept for determining potential in situ reaction rates. The findings are to be incorporated in the design of practical RCTWTs aimed at measuring denitrification rates in fast-flowing alluvial aquifers, in New Zealand.

The Influence of Seawater on a Coastal Aquifer in an International Protected Area, Göksu Delta Turkey

Goksu Delta is an important wetland where the Goksu River reaches the sea in the eastern part of the town of Tasucu-Ice1. The delta is classified as a Wetland of International Importance according to the Ramsar Convention. In the Goksu Delta area, urban and agricultural expansions have caused an ever-growing need for fresh water. High groundwater pumping rates and overexploitation of the aquifers, leading to seawater mixing in the Goksu coastal aquifers. The chemical types of groundwater from alluvial aquifer are Ca-Mg-HCO3, but in the region where sea water mixing is occurred it changes and the Na and Cl ions are added to groundwater. The similar occurrence can be observed in the groundwater from the limestone aquifer. The chemical types of groundwater are Ca-HCO3 or Ca-Mg-HCO3 and they change to Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3-Cl in the vicinity of seawater mixing regions. A statistical comparative analysis also shows that some of the samples are affected by sea water mixing. The extent of seawater intrusion is reflected by the distribution of salinity and electrical conductivity as an equiconcentration map.

A gain model for x-ray lasing at ∼2.8 Å in an intense laser irradiated gas of xenon clusters

A variety of experiments have been carried out (Borisov et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 105602) in which a gas of xenon clusters containing between 5 and 20 atoms/cluster (Schroeder et al 2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 297) was irradiated with a ∼230 fs pulse of 248 nm laser radiation focused to an intensity level of ∼1.6 × 1019 W cm−2. In these experiments, a channel was formed as the laser beam self-focused. Amplified x-ray emissions at ∼2.8 Å were observed along the direction of the channel with measured gain coefficients of between 27 and 104 cm−1 being cited. In this paper, a xenon gain model is assembled, built from FAC generated data (Gu 2008 Can. J. Phys. 86 675), which allows gains comparable in magnitude to be calculated under a set of restrictive assumptions about the laser beam–cluster dynamics. The model includes a detailed description of the ionization and excitation dynamics of the Ni- and Co-like ionization stages into which a description of hole state generation in Co-like xenon is made through the photoionization (or collisional ionization) of 2s and 2p electrons. Our calculations show that, under specialized initial conditions and sufficiently high pumping rates, gains larger than 50 cm−1 are achievable in one of the seven radiative decays of the Co-like hole states. The calculated gains are sensitive to the ion density, the risetime of the photoionization rates and the early time heating rate of the cluster plasma.

Design and Characterization of Valveless Impedance Pumps

ABSTRACTThis study designs, fabricates and characterizes three valveless impedance pumps, namely a symmetrical pump with a circular cross-section, an asymmetrical pump with a circular cross-section, and an asymmetrical pump with a rectangular cross-section. The pressure head and flow rate characteristics of the three pumps are investigated as a function of the compression location, the compression frequency and the compression amplitude. The experimental results show that the flow is reversible in every case. Moreover, the pressure head is found to be significantly dependent on the actuating frequency, the compression location and the compression amplitude. However, no pressure head is produced when the pinching effect is applied at the center of channel configuration for the symmetrical pump. In the symmetrical pump, a maximum pressure head of 590mm is obtained at a frequency of 26Hz, and results in a flow rate of 0.581/min in the positive direction (i.e. from the left-hand reservoir of the pump to the righthand reservoir). Meanwhile, in the asymmetrical pumps with circular and rectangular cross-sections, respectively, maximum pressure heads of −620mm and −570mm are developed at frequencies of 36Hz and 32Hz, respectively. The corresponding flow rates are determined to be 0.641/min and 0.531/min, respectively. In both cases, the fluid moves in the negative direction (i.e. from the right-hand reservoir of the pump to the left-hand reservoir). Overall, the valveless impedance pumps developed in this study generate a high pumping rate, are easily fabricated and have no moving mechanical valves. As a result, they are eminently suitable for pumping applications in such diverse systems as biomedical devices, fuel cells, PC cooling systems, and so forth.

Dewatering bore pumps – reducing costs and emissions by maximising pumping efficiency over time

Pumping water for dewatering and water supply is a major component of electricity consumption at mining operations and hence is a significant contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Pump systems at a typical mine site can be broadly split between above ground centrifugal pumps (generally used for water transfer) and submersible borehole pumps (generally for dewatering and/or water supply). In contrast to above ground pumps, submersible borehole pumps can be subjected to varying duty points (total pumping head and flow requirements) as a result of changing bore water levels and yields, particularly in mine dewatering bores. Typically, much higher pumping rates are required at the commencement of dewatering to remove groundwater storage and to intercept sufficient groundwater throughflow to achieve target drawdowns. Once target drawdown levels are reached it often only requires much lower pumping rates to maintain target drawdowns. Pumps sized to remove the large initial volumes of stored groundwater often end up too large for the lower flow rate required for 'maintenance pumping'. This often results in pumps operating inefficiently, a problem which can be made worse when pumps are throttled to reduce the pump output to better match the reduced bore yield. Current standard operating practice places little emphasis on the electricity consumed by pumps, with the focus often being on minimising capital expenditure ('If it ain't broke don't fix it'). Submersible pumps can have extended service lives of ten to 20+ years. However as the capital cost of a pump typically represents only five per cent of the life cycle cost, the vast majority of the life cycle cost is energy usage. Through the implementation of a regular review of the operation of borehole pumps, significant reductions in electricity use and associated greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved without impacting the dewatering schedule. In most cases, the capital cost of replacing pumps is more than offset by savings in operating costs. These potential savings become even more significant when considering proposed future carbon tax levees. This paper presents examples of the opportunities for significant reductions in energy, greenhouse gas emissions and overall costs that can be achieved for a range of dewatering scenarios.

Development of a Closed Air Loop Electropneumatic Actuator for Driving a Pneumatic Blood Pump

In this study, we developed a small pneumatic actuator that can be used as an extracorporeal biventricular assist device. It incorporated a bellows-transforming mechanism to generate blood-pumping pressure. The cylindrical unit is 88 +/- 0.1 mm high, has a diameter of 150 +/- 0.1 mm, and weighs 2.4 +/- 0.01 kg. In vitro, maximal outflow at the highest pumping rate (PR) exceeded 8 L/min when two 55 mL blood sacs were used under an afterload pressure of 100 mm Hg. At a pumping rate of 100 beats per minute (bpm), maximal hydraulic efficiency was 9.34% when the unit supported a single ventricle and 13.8% when it supported both ventricles. Moreover, pneumatic efficiencies of the actuator were 17.3% and 33.1% for LVAD and BVAD applications, respectively. The energy equivalent pressure was 62.78 approximately 208.10 mm Hg at a PR of 60 approximately 100 bpm, and the maximal value of dP/dt during systole was 1269 mm Hg/s at a PR of 60 bpm and 979 mm Hg/s at a PR of 100 bpm. When the unit was applied to 15 calves, it stably pumped 3 approximately 4 L/min of blood at 60 bpm, and no mechanical malfunction was experienced over 125 days of operation. We conclude that the presently developed pneumatic actuator can be utilized as an extracorporeal biventricular assist device.

Analysis of stagnation points for a pumping well in recharge areas

Stagnation points in groundwater flow fields delineate different flow regions by the separation streamlines passing through them. Stagnation-point analysis can hereby provide a useful tool in streamline delineation as well as in hydraulic control. In the present work, we present a stagnation-point analysis for a flow field created by a pumping well in recharge areas. This scenario is of great interest since it is very common in practice for pumping wells to be located inside or near a recharge area. A typical case is that an irrigation system is fed by groundwater pumped from an inside well. By performing stagnation-point analysis, it is found that the behavior of the created flow field under study is not only determined by the magnitudes of specific parameters such as pumping rate, regional flow rate, infiltration rate, recharge area, and well location, but also related to the interrelation of these parameters. Applying the properties of the potential Hessian matrix at stagnation points, we also identified the nature of stagnation points (e.g., maximum, minimum, or saddle point) assuming that the pumping well locates at the center of the recharge area. In addition, we delineated the streamlines by tracing streamlines starting from the stagnation points. The orientation of the separation streamlines is determined by the potential Hessian matrix. Generally, for a well with a relatively high pumping rate, there is one, and only one stagnation point outside the recharge area, since all infiltration and partial regional flow are pumped by the well. For a well inside the recharge area with a relatively low pumping rate, however, it is found that there are always three stagnation points, because infiltration is surplus for providing the well extraction, which results in the separation streamlines outside the recharge area and eventually forms a third stagnation point. Under certain field conditions, cases of two stagnation points can occur, and these critical conditions have also been identified.

Power- or frequency-driven hysteresis for continuous-wave optically injected distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers

Bistabilities between a steady (or pulsating, chaotic) and different pulsating regimes are investigated for an optically injected semi-conductor laser. Both numerical and experimental studies are reported for continuous-wave single-mode semiconductor distributed-feedback lasers emitting at 1.55 microm. Hysteresis are driven by either changing the optically injected power or the frequency difference between both lasers. The effect of the injected laser pumping rate is also examined. Systematic mappings of the possible laser outputs (injection locking, bimodal, wave mixing, chaos or relaxation oscillations) are carried out. At small pumping rates (1.2 times threshold), only locking and bimodal regimes are observed. The extent of the bistable area is either 11 dB or 35 GHz, depending on the varying parameters. At high pumping rates (4 times threshold), numerous injection regimes are observed. Injection locking and its bistabilities are also reported for secondary longitudinal modes.

Effect of Suction Pipe Diameter and Submergence Ratio on Air Lift Pumping Rate

The increasingly importance for the uses of the air lift pump in widespread list of fields (mining, nuclear industries, agricultural uses, petroleum industries…etc.) makes it very interested for the researchers to find tools to raise the performance outcome of such pumps. An air lift pump system is setup to study the effect of the suction pipe diameter and submergence ratio on the liquid (water) pumping rate. The system has a lift pipe of (0.021 m) diameter and (1.25 m) length. Five diameters for the suction pipe (0.021, 0.027, 0.033, 0.048 and 0.063 m) with a fixed length of (0.3 m), are tested for each of the submergence ratios (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) respectively. Results indicate that the higher the diameter of suction pipe is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed submergence ratio. From another side, the higher the submergence ratio is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed suction pipe diameter. Also, under high submergence ratios, high pumping rates are achieved by the use of lower air flow rates compared with those used with lower submergence ratios. The experimental results show good compatibility with the model suggested by Stenning and Martin for the performance of an air lift pump.

EFFECT OF SUCTION PIPE DIAMETER AND SUBMERGENCE RATIO ON AIR LIFT PUMPING RATE

The increasingly importance for the uses of the air lift pump in widespread list of fields (mining, nuclear industries, agricultural uses, petroleum industries...etc.) makes it very interested for the researchers to find tools to raise the performance outcome of such pumps. An air lift pump system is setup to study the effect of the suction pipe diameter and submergence ratio on the liquid (water) pumping rate. The system has a lift pipe of (0.021 m) diameter and (1.25 m) length. Five diameters for the suction pipe (0.021, 0.027, 0.033, 0.048 and 0.063 m) with a fixed length of (0.3 m), are tested for each of the submergence ratios (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) respectively. Results indicate that the higher the diameter of suction pipe is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed submergence ratio. From another side, the higher the submergence ratio is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed suction pipe diameter. Also, under high submergence ratios, high pumping rates are achieved by the use of lower air flow rates compared with those used with lower submergence ratios. The experimental results show good compatibility with the model suggested by Stenning and Martin for the performance of an air lift pump.

Reconstruction of the Water Table from Self‐Potential Data: A Bayesian Approach

Ground water flow associated with pumping and injection tests generates self-potential signals that can be measured at the ground surface and used to estimate the pattern of ground water flow at depth. We propose an inversion of the self-potential signals that accounts for the heterogeneous nature of the aquifer and a relationship between the electrical resistivity and the streaming current coupling coefficient. We recast the inversion of the self-potential data into a Bayesian framework. Synthetic tests are performed showing the advantage in using self-potential signals in addition to in situ measurements of the potentiometric levels to reconstruct the shape of the water table. This methodology is applied to a new data set from a series of coordinated hydraulic tomography, self-potential, and electrical resistivity tomography experiments performed at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, Idaho. In particular, we examine one of the dipole hydraulic tests and its reciprocal to show the sensitivity of the self-potential signals to variations of the potentiometric levels under steady-state conditions. However, because of the high pumping rate, the response was also influenced by the Reynolds number, especially near the pumping well for a given test. Ground water flow in the inertial laminar flow regime is responsible for nonlinearity that is not yet accounted for in self-potential tomography. Numerical modeling addresses the sensitivity of the self-potential response to this problem.

Seawater intrusion and associated processes: Case of the Korba aquifer (Cap-Bon, Tunisia)

It has been established that intensive agricultural activities, usually, increase the risk of groundwater quality degradation through high groundwater pumping rates. In fact, the uncontrolled groundwater extraction causes a modification of natural flow systems and induces seawater intrusion from the coast and causes the groundwater quality deterioration. The Korba aquifer is located in the North-East of Tunisia, where a semi-arid Mediterranean climate prevails. The dry season is pronounced and this aggravates the situation, given that the highest water demand usually coincides with the drought period (dry weather conditions). The principal aim of this study is to characterize the hydrochemistry of this coastal aquifer, identifying the main processes that occur in the system, and to determine the extent of marine intrusion in the aquifer. In order to achieve this aim, geophysical and chemical parameters were measured, such as vertical electrical soundings (VES), electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, anions and cations concentrations. The analytical results obtained in the hydrochemistry study were interpreted using ion correlations with chloride and SO 4 2-/Cl − and Mg 2+/Ca 2+ ratios, in conjunction with calculations of the ionic deviations and the saturation indexes. Saturation indexes are calculated with the PHREEQC 2.8 software used for mineral saturation modelling of the aquifer seawater-freshwater mixture. The high groundwater salinity anomaly observed in Diar El Hajjej, Garaet Sassi and Takelsa-Korba zones was explained by the presence of seawater intrusion in these areas. This hypothesis is based on high chloride concentrations, the inverse cation exchange reactions, and the lower piezometric level compared to sea level.

Health-Risk-Based Groundwater Remediation System Optimization through Clusterwise Linear Regression

This study develops a health-risk-based groundwater management (HRGM) model. The model incorporates the considerations of environmental quality and human health risks into a general framework. To solve the model, a proxy-based optimization approach is proposed, where a semiparametric statistical method (i.e., clusterwise linear regression) is used to create a set of rapid-response and easy-to-use proxy modules for capturing the relations between remediation policies and the resulting human health risks. Through replacing the simulation and health risk assessment modules with the proxy ones, many orders of magnitude of computational cost can be saved. The model solutions reveal that (i) a long remediation period corresponds to a low total pumping rate, (ii) a stringent risk standard implies a high total pumping rate, and (iii) the human health risk associated with benzene would be significantly reduced if it is regarded as constraints of the model. These implications would assist decision makers in understanding the effects of remediation duration and human-health risk level on optimal remediation policies and in designing a robust groundwater remediation system. Results from postoptimization simulation show that the carcinogenic risk would decrease to satisfy the regulated risk standard under the given remediation policies.

A pneumatic micropump incorporated with a normally closed valve capable of generating a high pumping rate and a high back pressure

This study reports on a new pneumatic micropump integrated with a normally closed valve that is capable of generating a high pumping rate and a high back pressure. The micropump consists of a sample flow microchannel, three underlying pneumatic air chambers, resilient polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane structures and a normally closed valve. The normally closed valve of the micropump is a PDMS-based floating block structure located inside the sample flow microchannel, which is activated by hydraulic pressure created by the peristaltic motion of the PDMS membranes. The valve is used to effectively increase pumping rates and back pressures since it is utilized to prevent backflow. Experimental results indicate that a pumping rate as high as 900 μL/min at a driving frequency of 90 Hz and at an applied pressure of 20 psi (1.378 × 105 Nt/m2) can be obtained. The back pressure on the micropump can be as high as 85 cm-H2O (8,610.5 Nt/m2) at the same operation conditions. The micropump is fabricated by soft lithography processes and can be easily integrated with other microfluidic devices. To demonstrate its capability to prevent cross contamination during chemical analysis applications, two micropumps and a V-shape channel are integrated to perform a titration of two chemical solutions, specifically sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and benzoic acid (C6H5COOH). Experimental data show that mixing with a pH value ranging from 2.8 to 12.3 can be successfully titrated. The development of this micropump can be a promising approach for further biomedical and chemical analysis applications.

Hole Cleaning During Underbalanced Drilling in Horizontal and Inclined Wellbore

Summary This paper is an extended work of SPE 90038. An aerated non-Newtonian flow and an inclined wellbore section were added to the previous model to study the hole-cleaning problem while drilling an underbalanced well. This new mechanistic model for cuttings transport was developed by combining two-phase hydraulic equations, turbulent boundary layer theory, and particle transport mechanism. It is shown that the model is useful for predicting minimum annular velocity and cuttings bed thickness in horizontal and inclined wellbore geometry. Effects of temperature, bottom hole pressure, liquid flow rate, gas injection rate, cuttings size and density, inclination angle, and rheological properties of drilling mud on hole cleaning are analyzed using this mechanistic model. The model is validated by available experimental data. Computer simulation indicates that cuttings bed thickness is very sensitive to the liquid phase flow rate. It dominates cuttings transport efficiency. However, during underbalanced drilling, increase of liquid phase fraction may not always be feasible while trying to keep a low equivalent circulating density (ECD). Meanwhile, injection of gas has positive effects on cuttings transportation depending on the flow patterns and drilling mud viscosity. Elevated temperature causes a significant increase of bed thickness, and it is important to recognize this negative effect, especially when drilling high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) wells. The effect of pressure on cuttings concentration is negative. Larger size and heavier cuttings make hole cleaning more difficult and require higher pump rates for low-viscosity fluids. Increases of liquid phase density result in better hole cleaning. The range of hole angles from approximately 35° to 60° (from vertical) is the most difficult for cuttings transport. Frictional pressure losses in a deviated wellbore highly depend on cutting bed thickness. Simulation results are compared to available experiment data and show good agreement. In summary, this paper presents a model that is useful for practical hole cleaning during underbalanced drilling (UBD).

Full scale test of ZXCY-Series linear motor pumping units

Abstract To solve the technical problem of the great propulsion permanent magnet synchronous linear motor, the ZXCY-Series linear motor pumping unit is developed. The linear motor pumping unit takes electric energy into straight reciprocating motion directly by frequency conversion and control, and simplifies the energy transfer process. Compared with the beam pumping unit, its energy transfer efficiency is increased by about 23%. The new pumping unit actualizes swabbing parametric stepless adjustment and meets operation requirements during production. It was applied to six wells in Huabei Oilfield, Jianghan Oilfield, Tarim Oilfield and Dagang Oilfield. The average liquid production per day of oil well, the system efficiency of single well, input power, comprehensive power-saving rate all show significant improvement after using the new pumping unit. The pumping unit can meet the needs of deep-pumping wells using the big pump, liquid-raising wells using a high pumping rate, the needs of production wells such as heavy oil wells and high gas-oil ratio wells, and the wells that are short of liquid feed.