High Protein Research Articles

Extraction of high‐quality Antarctic krill (Euphausia Superba) oil using low‐temperature continuous phase‐transition extraction equipment

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore a processing method for efficient extraction of high‐quality krill oil (KO) using a low‐temperature continuous phase‐transition extraction equipment (LCPE). The efficiency of lipid extraction and quality of KO and defatted krill meal (DKM) by LCPE were compared with those of supercritical CO2 and n‐hexane extraction. Results showed that compared to other methods, extraction using LCPE had the highest lipid yield (21.72 ± 0.34%), bioactive substances, and dimethyl sulfide (3.12 ± 0.09 mg/kg), the lowest oxidative deterioration. Moreover, compared to other methods, DKM extracted by LCPE had the lowest fat (<2%), the highest protein (>60%), and the best oxidative stability. These benefits would ensure easier transportation and better long‐term storage, allowing for its application on distant‐ocean fishing vessels. Therefore, LCPE is a method that allows for efficient extraction of high‐quality KO.

Preparation of functional supplement powder using nanoliposome‐containing marine bioactive compounds

AbstractThe demand for marine bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents in supplements or functional foods has increased. However, their instability, bitter taste, and potential degradation during digestion have hindered their widespread use. To overcome these problems, a functional supplement powder was produced using the encapsulation technique of nanoliposomes containing shrimp lipid extract, fish oil (FO), and fish protein hydrolysate. Chitosan and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were used to coat the nanoliposomes in mono/bilayer and composite forms, followed by freeze‐drying for 72 h. The physicochemical characteristics, nutritional, in vitro release, and sensory evaluation were investigated. The WPC‐monolayer treatment exhibited the highest solubility (28.83 mg/100 g), encapsulation efficiency (97.67%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the mono/bilayer treatments of whey protein showed lower docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid than FO, they presented a favorable amino acid profile. Compared to acidic stomach conditions, the release in the intestine was higher. Incorporating 1.5 g of the supplement powder per 100 g of milk can meet an individual's daily nutritional needs for essential amino acids and PUFAs. Therefore, encapsulating marine bioactive compounds in liposomal carriers could be a beneficial approach to their direct use as a nutritious powder.

Comparison of retinol binding protein 1 with cone specific G-protein as putative effector molecules in cryptochrome signalling.

Vision and magnetoreception in navigating songbirds are strongly connected as recent findings link a light dependent radical-pair mechanism in cryptochrome proteins to signalling pathways in cone photoreceptor cells. A previous yeast-two-hybrid screening approach identified six putative candidate proteins showing binding to cryptochrome type 4a. So far, only the interaction of the cone specific G-protein transducin α-subunit was investigated in more detail. In the present study, we compare the binding features of the G-protein α-subunit with those of another candidate from the yeast-two-hybrid screen, cellular retinol binding protein. Purified recombinant European robin retinol binding protein bound retinol with high affinity, displaying an EC50 of less than 5nM, thereby demonstrating its functional state. We applied surface plasmon resonance and a Förster resonance transfer analysis to test for interactions between retinol binding protein and cryptochrome 4a. In the absence of retinol, we observed no robust binding events, which contrasts the strong interaction we observed between cryptochrome 4a and the G-protein α-subunit. We conclude that retinol binding protein is unlikely to be involved in the primary magnetosensory signalling cascade.

Formulation and Evaluation of Weaning Foods Prepared from Multigrain Flour and Powdered Milk

Aims: Children after 6 months need to shift from breast milk to weaning food. The present study aims to develop low cost nutritious weaning foods to fulfil the increased nutritional requirements during this phase of growth. Study Design: The present study involved development of three different samples of low cost weaning foods prepared with multigrain flour (combination of rice flour, wheat flour and gram flour in the ratio of 2:1:0.5) mixed with milk powder (5%, 7.5% and 10% of the total flour mixture). Sensory, physicochemical and cost analyses were performed for the samples. Place and Duration of Study: University Polytechnic (Boys), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, between January 2016 and July 2016. Methodology: Sensory evaluation was done on a 9 point hedonic scale after preparing the samples for consumption by adding either water or milk. Physicochemical properties of the developed samples such as moisture content, ash content and protein content were assessed during storage at room temperature (25-32˚C) for 2 months in airtight laminated aluminium film packing material. Results: In sensory of samples prepared with water, sample 3 was found to be the most preferred sample while in case of samples prepared with milk, sample 1 was found to be the best in sensory quality. All the developed weaning food samples were found to be stable during 50 days of storage. Moisture content, Protein content and Ash content of the samples ranged from 4.84 to 10.38%, 13.23 and 16.29% and 1.22 to 1.54% respectively. Samples with more milk powder showed higher protein content and fat content. Conclusion: The prepared weaning food samples had comparable physicochemical and sensory characteristics and lower cost than the commercially available weaning foods. They will be helpful in fulfilling the nutritional requirement of the vulnerable sections of society including middle-income groups (MIG) and low-income groups (LIG) consumers and overcoming malnutrition.

Effects of different starches on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of extruded fish snacks

The market for snack foods is currently heading for healthier choices. Extrusion-based snacks made of starch are widespread but less nutrient-dense. Therefore, an effort to produce expanded snacks with higher protein was attempted. However, the physical properties of high protein extrudates are less desirable. Hence, different kind of starches were used in attempt to improve the physical properties of extrudates with high protein from scad fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of types and percentages of three starches, namely tapioca, sago and corn (50, 67, 75% db); on the physicochemical properties of extrudates from round scad fish powder (Decaptus madruasi). The formulations were extruded using a single screw extruder with a 3 mm circular die. The feeder and screw speed were maintained at 150 and 50 rpm, respectively. The barrel temperatures for each zone were 80°C (zone 1), 120°C (zone 2), 140°C (zone 3) and 160°C (zone 4). The results of the study revealed that all starch types at 75% increased the expansion ratio of extrudates to 47-56% compared with the inclusion of starches at 50%. All starch types at 75% also decreased the bulk density to 21-24% and hardness to 23-50% as compared to extrudates with the lowest amount of starch. The improvements in the physical properties were more prominent in the addition of tapioca starch. The highest amount of protein was found in extrudates with tapioca starch (20.8 to 30.4%). The sensory analysis and colour indicated similar results for all extrudates. The best formulation for the production of fish snacks was extrudates with 75% tapioca starch and 25% fish powder. The finding of this study is relevant and applicable in the production of high protein extrudates for children or health-conscious consumers, with the usage of tapioca starch to assist better expansion that improves the physical properties

Computational Identification of Milk Trait Regulation Through Transcription Factor Cooperation in Murciano-Granadina Goats

The Murciano-Granadina goat (MUG) is a renowned dairy breed, known for its adaptability and resilience, as well as for its exceptional milk traits characterized by high protein and fat content, along with low somatic cell counts. These traits are governed by complex biological processes, crucial in shaping phenotypic diversity. Thus, it is imperative to explore the factors regulating milk production and lactation for this breed. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of seven milk traits in MUGs, employing a two-step computational analysis to examine genotype–phenotype associations. Initially, a random forest algorithm identified the relative importance of each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in determining the traits of interest. The second step applied an information theory-based approach to exploring the complex genetic architecture of quantitative milk traits, focusing on epistatic interactions that may have been overlooked in the first step. These approaches allowed us to identify an almost distinct set of candidate genes for each trait. In contrast, by analyzing the promoter regions of these genes, we revealed common regulatory networks among the milk traits under study. These findings are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gene regulation, and they highlight the pivotal role of transcription factors (TFs) and their preferential interactions in the development of these traits. Notably, TFs such as DBP, HAND1E47, HOXA4, PPARA, and THAP1 were consistently identified for all traits, highlighting their important roles in immunity within the mammary gland and milk production during lactation.

Nutritional differences in eggs, chicken, and plantain from agroecological, conventional, and commercial systems: a case study in Valle del Cauca, Colombia

ABSTRACT This case study examines the nutritional differences between agroecological, conventional, and commercial products in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Using a participatory methodology with local farmers, eggs, chicken, and plantain were selected for analysis. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were compared across the three production systems. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and MANOVA. Results indicate that agroecological products from the studied farms tended to have lower moisture content. Agroecological eggs showed higher fat content (11.09 g/100 g vs 9.32 g/100 g conventional and 8.45 g/100 g commercial). Agroecological chicken presented higher protein content (22.37 g/100 g vs 20.73 g/100 g conventional and 18.1 g/100 g commercial) and potassium (281 mg/100 g vs 298 mg/100 g conventional and 213 mg/100 g commercial). Agroecological plantain had higher ash content (0.85 g/100 g vs 0.77 g/100 g conventional and 0.79 g/100 g commercial) and calcium (8 mg/100 g vs 5 mg/100 g conventional and 6 mg/100 g commercial). These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). While these findings suggest potential nutritional benefits of agroecological production in this region, further studies with a larger number of replicates are needed to confirm these trends on a broader scale.

Acute aseptic meningitis temporally associated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole: Systematic review.

Sulphonamides and trimethoprim, although generally well-tolerated, have been temporally associated with aseptic meningitis. To address its presentation and outcome, a literature search was performed. We retained articles reporting patients with features of acute aseptic meningitis following intake of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole or sulfisoxazole. A cerebrospinal fluid investigation in ≥1 episode was a prerequisite for inclusion. Sixty articles reporting on 74 patients experiencing a total of 155 episodes were retained. Forty-five (61%) patients had one or more recurrences. Median age at first episode was 43 (interquartile range [IQR] 23-61) years. Symptoms presented within 48 (IQR 6-168) hours of intake at the first episode and within 1.3 (IQR 1-5) hours at recurrences (p< .0001). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a predominantly neutrophilic (82%, IQR 65%-94%) pleocytosis (180, IQR 38-507 106cells/L), without low glucose or high proteins. Recovery took place within 2 (IQR 1-3) days after stopping the suspected agent. All but one patient completely recovered.

Enzymatization of Nila Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) Protein Hydolysate by Combination of Bromelin and Pepsin Enzymes

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish with better nutritional content compared to other freshwater fish, making it suitable for use as a source for protein hydrolysate production. Protein hydrolysate is the result of the breakdown of protein into short-chain compounds through hydrolysis. This research aims to hydrolyze the minced Nile tilapia meat using a combination of bromelain and pepsin enzymes at a concentration of 5% and pH 7 conditions for 5-6 hours. The hydrolysis results using the combination of bromelain and pepsin enzymes (B100: P0) have a yield value of 12.68%, ash content of 2.94%, protein of 57.25%, water 2.65%, and fat 10.25% with a degree of hydrolysis of 61.46%. The hydrolysate has antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with inhibition zones of approximately 8.3 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 1 (mg/µL), contains 15 types of amino acids with the highest composition being lysine 5.12% and the highest non-essential amino acid being aspartic acid 5.75%.

Metabolic phenotype and risk of obesity-related cancers in the Women's Health Initiative.

Body mass index (BMI) may misclassify obesity-related cancer (ORC) risk, as metabolic dysfunction can occur across BMI levels. We hypothesized that metabolic dysfunction at any BMI increases ORC risk compared to normal BMI without metabolic dysfunction. Postmenopausal women (n=20,593) in the Women's Health Initiative with baseline metabolic dysfunction biomarkers (blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) were included. Metabolic phenotype (metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO)) was classified using four definitions of metabolic dysfunction: (1) Wildman criteria, (2) National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), (3) HOMA-IR, and (4) hs-CRP. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, with death as a competing risk, was used to assess the association between metabolic phenotype and ORC risk. After a median (IQR) follow-up duration of 21 (IQR 15-22) years, 2,367 women developed an ORC. The risk of any ORC was elevated among MUNW (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.90-1.39), MHO (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00-1.32), and MUO (HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.54) compared with MHNW using Wildman criteria. Results were similar using ATP III criteria, hs-CRP alone, or HOMA-IR alone to define metabolic phenotype. Individuals with overweight or obesity with or without metabolic dysfunction were at higher risk of ORCs compared with metabolically healthy normal weight individuals. The magnitude of risk was greater among those with metabolic dysfunction, although the confidence intervals of each category overlapped.

ISWI1 complex proteins facilitate developmental genome editing in Paramecium.

One of the most extensive forms of natural genome editing occurs in ciliates, a group of microbial eukaryotes. Ciliate germline and somatic genomes are contained in distinct nuclei within the same cell. During the massive reorganization process of somatic genome development, ciliates eliminate tens of thousands of DNA sequences from a germline genome copy. Recently, we showed that the chromatin remodeler ISWI1 is required for somatic genome development in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia Here, we describe two high similarity paralogous proteins, ICOPa and ICOPb, essential for their genome editing. ICOPa and ICOPb are highly divergent from known proteins; the only domain detected showed distant homology to the WSD (WHIM2+WHIM3) motif. We show that both ICOPa and ICOPb interact with the chromatin remodeler ISWI1. Upon ICOP knockdown, changes in alternative DNA excision boundaries and nucleosome densities are similar to those observed for ISWI1 knockdown. We thus propose that a complex comprising ISWI1 and either or both ICOPa and ICOPb are needed for Paramecium's precise genome editing.

SITP: A single cell bioinformatics analysis flow captures proteasome markers in the development of breast cancer.

Single cell sequencing and related databases have been widely used in the exploration of cancer occurrence and development, but there is still no in-depth explanation of specific and complicated cellular protein modification processes. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), as a specific and precise protein modification and degradation process, plays an important role in the biological functions of cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Proteasomes, vital multi-catalytic proteinases in eukaryotic cells, play a crucial role in protein degradation and contribute to tumor regulation. The 26S proteasome, part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this study, we have enrolled a common SITP process including analysis of single cell sequencing to elucidate a flow that can capture typical proteasome markers in the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer. PSMD11, a key component of the 26S proteasome regulatory particle, has been identified as a critical survival factor in cancer cells. Results suggest that PSMD11's rapid degradation is linked to acute apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. Our study explored the potential mechanisms of PSMD11 in breast cancer development. The findings revealed the feasibility of disclosing ubiquitinating biomarkers from public database, as well as presented new evidence supporting PSMD11 as a potential therapeutic biomarker for breast cancer.

An outmoded in vitro-inferred mechanism for chaperonin-accelerated protein refolding is confirmed in cells by cryo-electron tomography.

A recent elegant cryo-electron tomography study of the populations of different GroEL-GroES chaperonins complexes in whole bacterial cells (Wagner, Carvajal et al. 2024) contributes to the resolution of a long-standing debate about their mechanism, and reconciles three-decade-old results from in vitro biochemical studies, with new, refined in situ observations. Biochemists working with purified proteins often wonder if their findings faithfully reflect the situation in the crowded environment of cells, when their proteins mingle with concentrated metabolites and bump into membranes and thousands of different unrelated proteins. Here, cryo-electron tomography confirmed that careful in vitro protein biochemistry research still has a bright future.

The effect of thermal and non-thermal treatments on shelf-life of ready to drink whey-based functional beverages

Whey protein-based beverages are popular because of their many health benefits, high protein, pleasant flavor and vibrant hue. The hue of protein beverages is the most reliable barometer of how various quality characteristics will influence buyers' decisions. Protein beverages are typically processed using conventional thermal treatment, which diminishes their nutritional content and alters their appearance. Controlling the protein beverage quality and approximating the nutritional change can be achieved by examining microbial load during storage. This study analyzed the total microbial load such as coliform, yeast and molds of protein beverages, along with the impacts of various thermal (microwave, retort-pasteurization) and nonthermal (ultrasonication) treatments. The microbiological evaluation of the protein beverage was carried out at regular intervals (weekly) during the storage period under refrigeration and room temperature. In results, the protein beverage remained good in terms of overall acceptability and maintained the quality up to 90 days and 65 days after thermosonication treatment and was stored at refrigerated temperature (4 °C) followed by room temperature (28 °C) respectively. Hence, this study focuses on maximizing the shelf-life efficiency and maintaining protein beverage quality by using thermal and non-thermal procedures in tandem.

Optimizing protein quality: synergies and comparisons of single and combined alternative proteins from diverse sources

Optimizing protein quality: synergies and comparisons of single and combined alternative proteins from diverse sources

Deciphering the Role of ASPM in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Multicohort Study

Background: Assembly factor for spindle microtubules (ASPM) has gained significant attention in cancer research due to its association with tumor growth and progression. Through the analysis of large-scale genomic datasets, ASPM has been identified as the top upregulated gene in breast cancer (BC), characterized by high proliferation. This multicohort study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of ASPM mRNA and protein expression in BC. Methods: ASPM mRNA expression was assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort and has been further validated in the Molecular Taxonomy of BC International Consortium (METABRIC) (n = 1980), The Uppsala cohort (n = 249), in addition to the combined multicentric cohort (n = 7252). ASPM protein expression was evaluated in a large BC cohort (n = 1300) using immunohistochemistry. The correlations between ASPM expression, clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes and outcome were assessed. The response to taxane treatment was compared to the clinical prognosis of ASPM using the ROC plotter. Results: High ASPM mRNA and protein expression were significantly associated with aggressive BC features and poor survival across all cohorts. The association with poor outcomes was maintained in the adjuvant chemotherapy and radio-therapy-treated patients. Responders to taxane treatment showed significantly elevated ASPM levels compared to non-responders. Conclusions: High ASPM expression predicts poor prognosis in BC. It may play a role in treatment resistance within a specific subgroup of patients. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore the potential of ASPM as a target for therapeutic interventions in cancer.

Proteomic identification of potential biomarkers for heat tolerance in Caracu beef cattle using high and low thermotolerant groups.

Heat stress has deleterious effects on physiological and performance traits in livestock. Within this context, using tropically adapted cattle breeds in pure herds or terminal crossbreeding schemes to explore heterosis is attractive for increasing animal production in warmer climate regions. This study aimed to identify biological processes, pathways, and potential biomarkers related to thermotolerance in Caracu, a tropically adapted beef cattle breed, by proteomic analysis of blood plasma. To achieve this goal, 61 bulls had their thermotolerance evaluated through a heat tolerance index. A subset of 14 extreme animals, including the seven most thermotolerant (HIGH group) and the seven least thermotolerant (LOW group), had their blood plasma samples used for proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The differentially regulated proteins detected between HIGH and LOW groups were used to perform functional enrichment analysis and a protein-protein interaction network analysis. A total of 217 proteins were detected only in the HIGH thermotolerant group and 51 only in the LOW thermotolerant group. In addition, 81 and 87 proteins had significantly higher and lower abundancies in the HIGH group, respectively. Regarding proteins with the highest absolute log-fold change values, we highlighted those encoded by DUSP5, IGFALS, ROCK2, RTN4, IRAG1, and NNT genes based on their functions. The functional enrichment analysis detected several biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways related to cellular responses to stress, immune system, complement system, and hemostasis in both HIGH and LOW groups, in addition to terms and pathways related to lipids and calcium only in the HIGH group. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed as important nodes many proteins with roles in response to stress, hemostasis, immune system, inflammation, and homeostasis. Additionally, proteins with high absolute log-fold change values and proteins detected as essential nodes by PPI analysis highlighted herein are potential biomarkers for thermotolerance, such as ADRA1A, APOA1, APOB, APOC3, C4BPA, CAT, CFB, CFH, CLU, CXADR, DNAJB1, DNAJC13, DUSP5, FGA, FGB, FGG, HBA, HBB, HP, HSPD1, IGFALS, IRAG1, KNG1, NNT, OSGIN1, PROC, PROS1, ROCK2, RTN4, RYR1, TGFB2, VLDLR, VTN, and VWF. Identifying potential biomarkers, molecular mechanisms and pathways that act in response to heat stress in tropically adapted beef cattle contributes to developing strategies to improve performance and welfare traits in livestock under tropical climates.

A Probabilistic Approach in the Search Space of the Molecular Distance Geometry Problem.

The discovery of the three-dimensional shape of protein molecules using interatomic distance information from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be modeled as a discretizable molecular distance geometry problem (DMDGP). Due to its combinatorial characteristics, the problem is conventionally solved in the literature as a depth-first search in a binary tree. In this work, we introduce a new search strategy, which we call frequency-based search (FBS), that for the first time utilizes geometric information contained in the protein data bank (PDB). We encode the geometric configurations of 14,382 molecules derived from NMR experiments present in the PDB into binary strings. The obtained results show that the sample space of the binary strings extracted from the PDB does not follow a uniform distribution. Furthermore, we compare the runtime of the symmetry-based build-Up (SBBU) algorithm (the most efficient method in the literature to solve the DMDGP) combined with FBS and the depth-first search (DFS) in finding a solution, ascertaining that FBS performs better in about 70% of the cases.

Alternatively activated macrophages are associated with faster growth rate in vestibular schwannoma

Abstract The variability in vestibular schwannoma growth rates greatly complicates clinical treatment. Management options are limited to radiological observation, surgery, radiotherapy and, in specific cases, bevacizumab therapy. As such, there is a pressing requirement for growth restricting drugs for vestibular schwannoma. This study explored potential predictors of vestibular schwannoma growth in depth, highlighting differences between static and growing vestibular schwannoma to identify potential therapeutic targets. High dimensional imaging was used to characterise the tumour microenvironment of four static and five growing vestibular schwannoma (indicated by volumetric change &amp;lt; 20% or ≥ 20% per year, respectively). Single cell spatial information and protein expression data from a panel of 35 tumour immune-targeted antibodies identified specific cell populations, their expression profiles, and their spatial localisation within the tumour microenvironment. Growing vestibular schwannoma contained significantly more proliferative and non-proliferative alternatively activated tumour-associated macrophages per mm2 compared to static vestibular schwannoma. Furthermore, two additional proliferative cell types were identified in growing and static vestibular schwannoma: transitioning monocytes and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1+) Schwann cells. In agreement, growing vestibular schwannoma were characterised by a tumour microenvironment composed of immune-enriched, proliferative neighbourhoods, whereas static vestibular schwannoma were composed of tumour-enriched, non-proliferative neighbourhoods. Finally, classically activated macrophages significantly co-localised with alternatively activated macrophages in static vestibular schwannoma, but this sequestration was reduced in growing vestibular schwannoma. This study provides a novel, spatial characterisation of the immune landscape in growing vestibular schwannoma, whilst highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets that modulate the tumour immune microenvironment.

Effects of pericapsular nerve group block on early postoperative cognitive function in older people undergoing hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block has emerged as a reliable analgesia technique for hip arthroplasty (HA). However, the effects of PENG block on perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) after HA has not yet been assessed. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PENG block on early postoperative cognitive function in older people undergoing hip arthroplasty. Sixty older patients undergoing HA under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to group P (n = 30) receiving PENG block with ropivacaine and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump with sufentanil after surgery or group C (n = 30) only receiving PCIA pump with sufentanil after surgery. The primary outcome was the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at 7 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes consisted of the incidence of PND 7 days postoperatively, the static VAS pain scores at 6, 12, 24, and 48h postoperatively; cumulative sufentanil consumption and the requirement of rescue analgesia during the 0-24h period after surgery; quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale scores at 24h postoperatively; and the plasma levels of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) preoperatively and 1day after surgery, and adverse events. After surgery, the PENG block group had higher MMSE score than the control group at 7 days postoperatively (27.0 ± 1.8 vs. 26.1 ± 1.7, P = 0.048), with a mean difference of 0.9 (95%CI, 0.1-0.9). The incidence of PND at 7 days postoperatively was 6.7% in group P, lower than that of 30% in group C (P = 0.044). In group P, the static VAS scores at 6, 12, and 24h postoperatively were significantly lower than those in group C (all P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the cumulative sufentanil consumption and the number of patients required rescue analgesia during the 0-24h period after surgery were significantly lower in group P (all P < 0.05). The scores of QoR-15 scale were higher in group P at 24h postoperatively than those in group C (P < 0.05). Patients in group P showed lower plasma levels of HMGB1 than group C at 1day after surgery (P < 0.05), and the rate of complications didn't differ between both groups. Older people undergoing HA receiving a PENG block for perioperative analgesia experience improved early postoperative cognitive function, reduced postoperative pain, higher quality of recovery, and less postoperative inflammatory response. Chictr.org.cn identifier ChiCTR2200061055 (Date of registry: 15/06/2022, prospectively registered).