High Packet Loss Probability Research Articles

ReLIEF: A Reinforcement-Learning-Based Real-Time Task Assignment Strategy in Emerging Fault-Tolerant Fog Computing

Due to the real-time requirements in several IoT applications, fog computing has emerged to overcome the long latency and other constraints of cloud computing. Due to the high probability of packet loss, energy limitation of IoT devices, and the external disturbances that may frequently occur on the fog infrastructure, the timing constraints of real-time tasks may be compromised. Therefore, the reliability of executing real-time tasks has always been a significant challenge in fog computing. In addition to the correct execution of the tasks, it is also important to execute them before their deadlines according to their realtime classification. State-of-the-art methods generally focus on the delay or functionality of tasks in fog computing systems. However, those methods do not widely focus on the reliability of tasks with real-time constraints in dynamic environments. In this paper, a novel primary backup task assignment strategy based on machine learning (ReLIEF) is proposed to improve the reliability of fogbased IoT systems. To identify suitable nodes for the execution of the primary and backup tasks, ReLIEF employs a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach, which has an outstanding performance in dynamic environments by establishing a balance between communication delay and workload on each fog device. Based on the simulations, our newly proposed technique has been able to reduce the amount of task dropping rate by up to 84against the state-of-the-art. Moreover, it is capable of balancing the workload distribution while increasing the reliability of the system by nearly 72% compared with its counterparts.

Research on a Control Strategy for a Distributed Economic Dispatch System in an Active Distribution Network, Considering Communication Packet Loss

The benefits of a distributed economic dispatch system include significant resilience, uniform processing and communication pressure, and good scalability, but, currently, there is limited in-depth research on the impact of packet loss on the communication links of a distributed economic dispatch system. To analyze how communication packet loss affects a distributed economic dispatch system and to develop appropriate scheduling approaches, in this paper, we design a fully distributed economic dispatch strategy for an active distribution network (ADN) in leader-follower mode, we use the Bernoulli stochastic process to describe the communication packet loss phenomenon, and we give sufficient conditions for the system in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) to be able to achieve stochastic stability. The communication packet loss probability affects the convergence performance of the system, and a high packet loss probability can cause the system to lose stability. By simulating various situations in the IEEE-14 and IEEE-39 systems, in this study, we confirm the validity and efficacy of the distributed economic dispatch control strategy and the system stability analysis method.

Research on adaptive prediction of multimedia data transmission path based on machine learning

Aiming at the problems of high probability of data packet loss and long data receiving delay in current methods, an adaptive prediction method of multimedia data transmission path based on machine ...

Performance evaluation of High Definition video streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Video Service Providers (VSPs) can collect and analyze an enormous amount of multimedia data from various cloud storage centers using real-time big data systems for supporting various online customers. The infrastructure-less nature of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) makes the video streaming a challenging task for VSPs. High packet-loss probability in MANETs can create a notable distortion in the received video quality. In this paper, High Definition (HD) videos are streamed over MANETs. First, a transmission model is designed followed by a distortion model to estimate network distortions, such as packet-loss rate and end-to-end delay. Based on the proposed models, a video streaming framework is designed to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth in MANETs, minimize the network distortions, and improve Quality of Service (QoS). Later, an Error Concealment (EC) technique is used to conceal the lost/dropped video frames to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE). Experimental results show that our proposed video streaming framework outperforms the state-of-the-art routing protocols designed for MANETs, such as Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Optimized Link Sate Routing (OLSR) protocols. In the end, both subjective and objective evaluations are performed to evaluate the perceptual quality of the concealed video data.

Dynamic Source Rate Control for Cache-Based Transport Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Reliability of data transport in low power and lossy networks like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is vital due to its constraint characteristics and high probability of packet loss from wireless environment and congestion. Data caching and transmission rate control mechanisms are independent ways of improving the reliability of transport protocols in WSN as they immediately respond to packet losses in the network. However, these two mechanisms are traditionally designed independently and an appropriate rate control that can potentially improve the performance of cache-based transport protocols has not yet been investigated. In this work, a dynamic source rate control algorithm that utilizes a cache-aware approach was developed wherein cache management policies are employed to notify the relative degree of packet losses and limit the transmission window size. A baseline cache-based transport protocol called DTSN+ is used to implement the rate control algorithm and evaluated under network scenarios that experience packet losses from contention and congestion. The dynamic cache-aware algorithm outperformed other transport protocols in terms of cache utilization by 30%. The algorithm also obtained outstanding throughput, transmission time and fairness performance as compared with the fixed DTSN+ and DTC protocols. This demonstrated that a cache-aware approach can improve the performance of a transport protocol during high levels of packet losses in the network. In the future, these results can serve as an underlying support in designing a new cache-aware congestion control framework that is suitable for transport protocols that employ the use of intermediate caching in WSN.

A modified AODV protocol for preventing blackhole attack in MANETs

ABSTRACTWireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less networks commonly used for dynamic connection between nodes. These networks work without any external router for maintaining the connection and the nodes themselves behave like a router. Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing is a widely used protocol for managing communications between the mobile nodes. A blackhole attack is one in which the nodes create a false route through them and then perform malicious activities on the transmitted packets. This paper presents a modification of the existing AODV routing protocol to prevent blackhole attacks in MANETs in an erratic terrain with a high probability of packet loss. A mathematical proof is given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with respect to the previous solution in the literature.

Underwater Electromagnetic Sensor Networks, Part II: Localization and Network Simulations.

In the first part of the paper, we modeled and characterized the underwater radio channel in shallow waters. In the second part, we analyze the application requirements for an underwater wireless sensor network (U-WSN) operating in the same environment and perform detailed simulations. We consider two localization applications, namely self-localization and navigation aid, and propose algorithms that work well under the specific constraints associated with U-WSN, namely low connectivity, low data rates and high packet loss probability. We propose an algorithm where the sensor nodes collaboratively estimate their unknown positions in the network using a low number of anchor nodes and distance measurements from the underwater channel. Once the network has been self-located, we consider a node estimating its position for underwater navigation communicating with neighboring nodes. We also propose a communication system and simulate the whole electromagnetic U-WSN in the Castalia simulator to evaluate the network performance, including propagation impairments (e.g., noise, interference), radio parameters (e.g., modulation scheme, bandwidth, transmit power), hardware limitations (e.g., clock drift, transmission buffer) and complete MAC and routing protocols. We also explain the changes that have to be done to Castalia in order to perform the simulations. In addition, we propose a parametric model of the communication channel that matches well with the results from the first part of this paper. Finally, we provide simulation results for some illustrative scenarios.

A Novel Packet Channel Multiplexing Control Algorithms of AOS

The tradition packet channel multiplexing control algorithm of Advanced Orbiting Systems has the obvious disadvantages such as high time delay, high packet loss probability and low system throughput. Those depress the capability of the space communications badly. Based on the packet parameters, a new packet channel multiplexing control algorithm is proposed to optimize the tradition fixed multiplexing time. Under the prerequisite to ensure the maximal multiplexing efficiency, the processing time of packet channel multiplexing is limited, the packet loss probability is depressed, and the multiplexing throughput is advanced effectively.

Throughput Improvement in Wireless Multi-Hop Ad-Hoc Networks Using Load Control

IEEE 802.11 MAC is the most commonly used protocol in multi-hop ad-hoc networks which need no infrastructure. In multi-hop ad-hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11, since nodes try transmitting their packets at every possible slot, there is a high packet loss probability. This degrades network performance attributes such as throughput and fairness. In this paper, we focus on achieving the maximum throughput of the given network topology by adding extra backoff time to random backoff time based on IEEE 802.11. Specifically, the optimal load rate is obtained with constraints of Carrier Sensing Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism.