High Prevalence Of Physical Inactivity Research Articles

Physical Inactivity and Its Association with Hypertension in Adult: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a growing concern in modern society, with sedentary lifestyles becoming increasingly prevalent. This shift towards a more sedentary existence has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including hypertension. Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other chronic health conditions. Physical inactivity has been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. An appropriate level of physical activity is a key component of hypertension management and prevention. This study was carried out with an objective to find the prevalence of Physical inactivity and its association with Hypertension in adult population of Guwahati. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 60 subjects of age group >18 years during November 2021 to February 2021.Multi stage random sampling method was used. Physical Activity was measured using IPAQ short form. Results: Prevalence of Physical Inactivity of 49.3%. Overall prevalence of Hypertension was 60%. There was a linear positive correlation between Age with Diastolic Blood Pressure and Systolic Blood Pressure. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that there is high prevalence of physical inactivity among adult population from selected population in Guwahati which has a strong association with Hypertension. Keywords: Physical Activity Level, Hypertension, IPAQ

Mental Wellbeing and Health-Risk Behaviours of University Students in Brunei: A Cross-Sectional Study during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the health behaviour of university students in a range of western nations and had a number of detrimental effects on their mental wellbeing. However, little is known about the impact on university students in Southeast Asia, particularly in Brunei. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and factors related to poor mental wellbeing and engaging in health-risk behaviors among university students in Brunei during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of students in all public universities was conducted from March to June 2021. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and WHO STEPs questionnaires were used to measure mental wellbeing, physical activity, and health behaviors, respectively. Logistic regressions were applied. Results: A total of 1020 university students participated in this study (57% response rate). Prevalence of poor mental wellbeing and physical inactivity were 30% and 42.8%, respectively. Excessive snacking (89.7%), sugar intake (81.7%), and salt intake (53.8%) were the most prevalent health-risk behaviors. Body mass index and participating in sports activities were the most common factors related to mental wellbeing and health-risk behaviors. Conclusions: Participating in certain sports activities appears to have protective effects against study outcomes. However, a high prevalence of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet among university students is a concern, as it could be indicative of future non-communicable disease trends.

Physical Inactivity, Inequalities, and Disparities Across Districts of Iran: A STEPs Survey-Based Analysis.

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity in all districts of Iran and the disparities between subgroups defined by various measures. Small area estimation method was employed to estimate the prevalence of physical inactivity in districts based on the remaining districts in which data on the level of physical inactivity were available. Various comparisons on the estimations were done based on socioeconomic, sex, and geographical stratifications to determine the disparities of physical inactivity among districts of Iran. All districts of Iran had a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared with the world average. The estimated prevalence of physical inactivity among all men in all districts was 46.8% (95% uncertainty interval, 45.9%-47.7%). The highest and lowest estimated disparity ratio of physical inactivity were 1.95 and 1.14 in males, and 2.25 and 1.09 in females, respectively. Females significantly had a higher prevalence of 63.5% (62.7%-64.3%). Among both sexes, the poor population and urban residents significantly had higher prevalence of physical inactivity than rich population and rural residents, respectively. The high prevalence of physical inactivity among Iranian adult population suggests the urgent need to adopt population-wide action plans and policies to handle this major public health problem and avert the probable burden.

The Effects of Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Working Mothers Living in Amman: A Correlational Study.

Jordan has a high prevalence of physical inactivity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Working mothers are a high-risk group who face significant barriers to physical activity and experience a decline in their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of physical activity adherence on health-related quality of life and physical fitness among a sample of working mothers. A Correlational, retrospective analytical design, was employed among a sample of working mothers (n=120), from Amman and was divided into two comparison groups. Data collection included a self-reported questionnaire using a demographic questionnaire, a health perception scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form, the International Fitness Scale, and the Quality of Life Brief questionnaire. The statistical analysis was independent t-test analysis, analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), Pearson r correlation and regression used to estimate the prediction of dependent variables based on independent variables. The results found a significant positive relationship between physical activity and overall quality of life and its domains (physical, psychological, and environmental); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the social domain. Adherence to physical activity was a significant positive predictor of quality of life. Moreover, the health perception level was a significant positive predictor. A t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the physically active group and a sedentary group of working mothers regarding changes in Health-Related Quality of Life; physically active mothers are more likely to have better physical (p < 0.024), psychological (p < 0.001), and overall quality of life (p < 0.011). Furthermore, Physical fitness significantly predicted physical activity in the study results. This study confirms the existence of positive correlations between physical activity and working women's quality of life and physical fitness. Mothers with higher levels of physical activity are more likely to have better physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life and better physical fitness.

Physical Activity among Primary Health Care Physicians and Its Impact on Counseling Practices

Introduction: Physical inactivity has been linked to various noncommunicable diseases and their related health problems. As primary health care physicians (PHCPs) play a crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease, this study aims to determine the extent of physical inactivity among PHCPs and its impact on their counseling practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across all primary health care centers in Qatar, targeting 511 physicians. A modified self-administered WHO stepwise tool was used to measure physical activity (PA) with another questionnaire to assess the counseling practices among PHCPs. Results: Out of 511 physicians, 306 (59.9%) responded to the survey. The majority of the participants were male (58.1%) with an average age of 45.8 ± 7.9 years. The majority of PHCPs were from the UK (44.3%), while only 4.1% were Qatari. Family physician consultants made up 51% of the respondents, while 30.2% were general practitioners, and the average years of experience were 14 ± 8.3 years. Only 39.5% of the respondents met the WHO PA recommendations. 50.5% of the physicians were overweight, and 23.1% were obese. The median percentage of patients counseled about PA was only 60 [IQR: 40–80]%, and there was no link found between a physician’s PA level and the percentage of patients they counseled on the subject. Conclusion: Physicians reported a high prevalence of physical inactivity. Furthermore, the practice of counseling the public on PA was low. Interventions are needed inside and outside the workplace to improve the PA among PHCPs and their counseling practices.

Функциональные резервы организма студентов, отнесенных по состоянию здоровья к спецмедгруппе

The relevance of this work is determined by the high prevalence of physical inactivity among students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of physical education in a special medical group on the functional reserves of students’ body. A group of 20 first-year students was observed. Girls were engaged in physical culture during one school year. The examination at the beginning and end of the observation period included anthropometry, physiometry and functional testing. The heart rate and respiration rate in most girls exceeded the upper limit of the physiological norm; the vital capacity of the lungs did not reach the lower limit of the norm during initial testing. Functional tests showed low results. Statistically significant decrease heart rate and respiration rate increasing the lung capacity was found on re-examination. The results of the functional test have improved. The results obtained led to the conclusion that body’s functional reserves are reduced in students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. Feasible physical culture classes are accompanied by the expansion of the body’s functional reserves.

Functional Capacity Among Healthy Young Females of Saudi Arabia Using 1 Min Sit-To-Stand Test – A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Functional capacity of an individual is denoting their physical fitness which can be assessed using 6-minute walk test, 1min sit-to stand test etc. The objectives of our study are to assess the functional capacity of healthy young females of Saudi Arabia using 1 min STS and to investigate the relationship between age, height, weight, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion with 1 min STS test. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 52 young healthy females of Saudi Arabia from 18 to 30 years of age were participated. Results: Fifty-seven participants were voluntarily enrolled for this study, 5 were excluded and totally fifty-two participants were involved in this study. The average repetitions of 1 min sit-to-stand is 38 reps/min. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there is a weak and negative correlation between 1 min STS test repetitions and age (r=0.142 p=0.311) height, (r=0.122 p=0.39) and weight (r=0.297 p &lt; 0.05). Weak, positive and significant correlation was observed between HR (T1), percentage of MHR (T1) and 1 min STS test repetitions with (r=0.303 p&lt;0.05, r=0.282 p&lt;0.05) respectively. There was a weak and positive correlation between 1 min STS test and Modified Borg scale (T1) (r=0.167, p=0.238). Conclusion: This study highlights the difference in performances of 1 min STS test between Saudi population and Western countries. The functional capacity of young adult Saudi females is reduced when compared to the western counterpart. This could be because of high prevalence of physical inactivity. KEY WORDS: 1 Min Sit-To-Stand Test, Functional Capacity, Physical Activity, Young Females.

Lifestyle practices predisposing adolescents to non communicable diseases in Delhi.

Globally the prevalence of non- communicable diseases is on a rise. Adolescents are vulnerable to such diseases later on in life because of the susceptibility to behavioural risk factors like insufficient physical activity, unhealthy dietary practices and tobacco and alcohol consumption during this transition stage of their life. Adolescents who are from low-income families are also at increased risk of dual states of malnutrition such as underweight and obesity. So, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of such behavioural risk factors among adolescents of low-income urban areas of Delhi. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 adolescents (10-19 years) of low-income Urban areas of Delhi. A total of 122 (46.2%) boys and 142 (53.8%) girls were enrolled in the study. The mean age of adolescents were 14.2 ± 2.4 years. The most prevalent NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (98.1% [96.4-99.7])). The screen time for television was significantly higher among boys than girls (p value 0.022). An age stratified analysis of risk factors showed that the intake of carbonated drinks (p value 0.026) and social media utilisation time (p value 0.037) was significantly higher among late adolescent boys (≥15 years) compared to early adolescents. There is high prevalence of physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary behaviours among adolescents which could be a warning sign for prompt actions as they are at risk of NCD in future. Hence healthier practices should be promoted among adolescents at community level.

Promoting Health and Behavior Change through Evidence-Based Landscape Interventions in Rural Communities: A Pilot Protocol.

Rural communities in the United States have many public health issues, including a high prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, and higher risks for major non-communicable diseases. A lack of safe and convenient places to exercise could intensify healthy lifestyle disparities. Individually adapted physical activity prescriptions at the primary level of healthcare could play a role in behavior change for rural residents. Healthcare professionals and designers created the rural wellness hub concept, which integrates walking trails and therapeutic landscape features on the clinic site, to support patient physician-prescribed activities and treatments. This research protocol reports the design and implementation of the rural wellness hub at a clinic in Clay County, West Virginia. Following a participatory, evidence-based landscape intervention (EBLI) protocol, 58 user representatives (patient = 49; clinic employee = 9) participated in the four-phase protocol: (1) pre-design survey, (2) design and development, (3) post-design interview, and (4) post-occupancy evaluation. Survey and interview data from all phases were collected and analyzed. The preliminary results indicate that the redesigned clinic campus could promote several health programs among local communities, with the benefits of walking trails, in particular, highlighted. The rigorous EBLI protocol could serve as a template for rural communities that seek to develop similar healthcare intervention programs.

Factors associated with physical inactivity among community dwelling adults in Umuahia, Nigeria

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background: Considerable evidence suggests that physical inactivity contributes to the magnitude of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is responsible for premature deaths globally. &#x0D; Objective: This study aimed to examine physical inactivity and associated factors among community dwelling adults in Abia State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 868 community-dwelling adults (20 to 59 years) were sampled in a cross- sectional survey using multistage sampling technique. A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Weight and height were measured and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect data on physical activity status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between physical inactivity and associated factors at p&lt;0.05. &#x0D; Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 49.8% (48.5% in males and 51.0% in females), while combined overweight and obesity was 39.4%. In the adjusted model, physical inactivity was associated with older age (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.34- 0.71), increasing BMI (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.49- 0.91), increasing income (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48- 0.89), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47- 0.97).&#x0D; Conclusion: The high prevalence of physical inactivity among adults underscores the need for community-based physical activity interventions to reduce the burden of NCDs among adults. &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Inpatient care utilisation and expenditure associated with objective physical activity: econometric analysis of the UK Biobank

BackgroundPhysical inactivity increases the risk of chronic disease and mortality. The high prevalence of physical inactivity in the UK is likely to increase financial pressure on the National Health Service. The UK Biobank Study offered an opportunity to assess the impact of physical inactivity on healthcare use and spending using individual-level data and objective measures of physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between objectively measured physical activity levels and future inpatient days and costs in adults in the UK Biobank study.MethodsWe conducted an econometric analysis of the UK Biobank study, a large prospective cohort study. The participants (n = 86,066) were UK adults aged 43–79 who had provided sufficient valid accelerometer data. Hospital inpatient days and costs were discounted and standardised to mean monthly values per person to adjust for the variation in follow-up times. Econometric models adjusted for BMI, long-standing illness, and other sociodemographic factors.ResultsMean follow-up time for the sample was 28.11 (SD 7.65) months. Adults in the most active group experienced 0.037 fewer days per month (0.059–0.016) and 14.1% lower inpatient costs ( – £3.81 [ – £6.71 to – £0.91] monthly inpatient costs) compared to adults in the least active group. The relationship between physical activity and inpatient costs was stronger in women compared to men and amongst those in the lowest income group compared to others. The findings remained significant across various sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIncreasing physical activity levels in the UK may reduce inpatient hospitalisations and costs, especially in women and lower-income groups.

Association between the physical activity and metabolic syndrome in residents of a foot-hill area in India

Background and aimsPhysical inactivity, has been linked to development of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Aim of the study was to assess the level of physical activity and it's association with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in a semiurban foothill population of India. MethodsParticipants (n = 288), >18 years of age were enrolled. Their demographics and clinical details were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were measured. Physical activity was estimated using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and converted into metabolic equivalent in minutes per week. Results37.5% of study population was found to be physically active, with more males (43.3%) being active than females (23.3%). Inactivity was associated with higher triglycerides levels in males and with higher hip circumference, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose in females. No significant difference was found in the oxidative stress, indicated by decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, between active and inactive persons or persons with normal and increased body mass index. ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of physical inactivity in this region of India, with prevalence of physical inactivity higher is females as compared to males. No significant co-relation was found between the levels of activity and components of metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in the study population.

Physical inactivity among internally displaced persons in Nigeria

BackgroundPhysical inactivity may complicate physical and mental health problems among internally displaced persons (IDPs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of physical inactivity and its sociodemographic correlates among IDPs in Northeastern Nigeria. MethodsA total of 363 participants recruited from four IDP camps were categorized into physically inactive and active using International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the association between physical inactivity and sociodemographic correlates. ResultsThe prevalence of physical inactivity was 36.2%. Those who were males (Odd Ratio (OR) = 4.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.33 to 8.78) and Kanuri (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.44 to 4.45) were more likely to be physically inactive. Younger participants were less likely to be physically inactive than those who were aged >49 years old. ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of physical inactivity among IDPs in Nigeria, and we found important sociodemographic factors associated with physical inactivity.

Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases risk factors and their determinants in Malawi: Evidence from 2017 WHO Stepwise survey

Introduction: By 2030, the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are expected to overtake communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases combined as the leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. With the increasing trend in NCDs, the NCD risk factors (NCDRF) need to be understood at local level to guide NCD risk mitigation efforts. Therefore, we provide a detailed analysis of some modifiable NCDRF and their determinants in Malawi using the 2017 Stepwise survey (STEPS).Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Malawi 2017 STEPS. Data were analyzed using frequencies, proportions, odds ratios, and their associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We fitted multiple logistic regression of the NCDRF on the explanatory variables using the likelihood ratio test. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: Of the 4187 persons, 9% were current smokers, 1% were taking alcohol, 16% had a high salt intake, 64% had insufficient fruit intake, 21% had low physical activity, 25% had high blood sugar, and 11% had high blood pressure. Smoking odds increased with age but decreased with the level of education. Females had lower odds of engaging in harmful alcohol use than males (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01–0.17, P < 0.001). Females had lower odds of high salt uptake than the males (AOR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.84, P = 0.0001). Persons in nonpaid jobs had higher odds of salt uptake than those employed (AOR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.03–2.79, P = 0.04). Females were 22% more likely to have insufficient fruit uptake compared to males (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.06–1.41, P = 0.007).Conclusion: The high prevalence of physical inactivity, high salt consumption, insufficient fruit intake, raised blood glucose and high relative blood pressure calls for a sound public health approach. The Malawi Ministry of Health should devise multisectoral approaches that minimize exposure to modifiable NCDRF at population and individual levels.

Prevalence and Predictors of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases among women in an Urbanized Village of India.

Background:The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors among the underprivileged women of the urban areas are expected to increase. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 women between 25 and 64 years in an urbanized village of India. Risk factors for NCDs were assessed using the WHO STEPS instrument. To determine the sociodemographic predictors of these risk factors binary logistic regression was used.Results:The prevalence of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, overweight, and obesity was found to be 18.3%, 61.6%, 96.5%, 27.6%, and 5.9%, respectively. Raised blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol were found to be present in 23%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. Older age was found to be a significant predictor of tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood glucose.Conclusion:The current study reported a high prevalence of physical inactivity and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, with age being a significant predictor of the majority of risk factors. Thus, arises the need for programs and policies tailored toward addressing the local needs, targeted toward older women.

PA during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study.

COVID-19 has undergone several mutations and is still spreading in most countries now. PA has positive benefits in the prevention of COVID-19 infection and counteracting the negative physical and mental effects caused by COVID-19. However, relevant evidence has indicated a high prevalence of physical inactivity among the general population, which has worsened due to the outbreak of the pandemic, and there is a severe lack of exercise guidance and mitigation strategies to advance the knowledge and role of PA to improve physical and mental health in most countries during the epidemic. This study surveyed the effects of COVID-19 on PA in Chinese residents during the pandemic and provided important reference and evidence to inform policymakers and formulate policies and planning for health promotion and strengthening residents’ PA during periods of public health emergencies. ANOVA, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, the chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. A total of 14,715 participants were included. The results show that nearly 70% of Chinese residents had inadequate PA (95%CI 58.0%–82.19%) during the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more than double the global level (27.5%, 95%CI 25.0%–32.2%). The content, intensity, duration, and frequency of PA were all affected during the period of home isolation, and the types of PA may vary among different ages. The lack of physical facilities and cultural environment is the main factor affecting PA. However, there was no significant correlation between insufficient PA and the infection rate. During the period of home isolation and social distance of epidemic prevention, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific remote network monitoring and guidance for the process of PA in China.

Evaluating Digital Program Support for the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) School Program: Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundEffectively scaled-up physical activity interventions are urgently needed to address the high prevalence of physical inactivity. To facilitate scale-up of an efficacious school-based physical activity program (Physical Activity 4 Everyone [PA4E1]), provision of implementation support to physical education (PE) teachers was adapted from face-to-face and paper-based delivery modes to partial delivery via a website. A lack of engagement (usage and subjective experience) with digital delivery modes, including websites, may in part explain the typical reduction in effectiveness of scaled-up interventions that use digital delivery modes. A process evaluation focused on the PA4E1 website was undertaken.ObjectiveThe 2 objectives were to (1) describe the usage of the PA4E1 program website by in-school champions (PE teachers leading the program within their schools) and PE teachers using quantitative methods; (2) examine the usage, subjective experience, and usability of the PA4E1 program website from the perspective of in-school champions using mixed methods.MethodsThe first objective used website usage data collected across all users (n=273) throughout the 9 school terms of the PA4E1 implementation support. The 4 usage measures were sessions, page views, average session duration, and downloads. Descriptive statistics were calculated and explored across the duration of the 26-month program. The second objective used mixed methods, triangulating data from the first objective with data from a think-aloud survey and usability test completed by in-school champions (n=13) at 12 months. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically alongside descriptive statistics from the quantitative data in a triangulation matrix, generating cross-cutting themes using the “following a thread” approach.ResultsFor the first objective, in-school champions averaged 48.0 sessions per user, PE teachers 5.8 sessions. PE teacher sessions were of longer duration (10.5 vs 7.6 minutes) and included more page views (5.4 vs 3.4). The results from the mixed methods analysis for the second objective found 9 themes and 2 meta-themes. The first meta-theme indicated that the website was an acceptable and appropriate delivery mode, and usability of the website was high. The second meta-theme found that the website content was acceptable and appropriate, and identified specific suggestions for improvement.ConclusionsDigital health interventions targeting physical activity often experience issues of lack of user engagement. By contrast, the findings from both the quantitative and mixed methods analyses indicate high usage and overall acceptability and appropriateness of the PA4E1 website to school teachers. The findings support the value of the website within a multidelivery mode implementation intervention to support schools to implement physical activity promoting practices. The analysis identified suggested intervention refinements, which may be adopted for future iterations and further scale-up of the PA4E1 program.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000681358; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372870

Dysglycemia and Abnormal Adiposity Drivers of Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease in the Czech Population: Biological, Behavioral, and Cultural/Social Determinants of Health.

In contrast to the decreasing burden related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity complications is increasing in Czechia, and local drivers must be identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate biological, behavioral, and environmental drivers of dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity in Czechia. Additionally, the structure of the Czech healthcare system was described. The prevalence of obesity in men and diabetes in both sexes has been increasing over the past 30 years. Possible reasons include the Eastern European eating pattern, high prevalence of physical inactivity and health illiteracy, education, and income-related health inequalities. Despite the advanced healthcare system based on the compulsory insurance model with free-for-service healthcare and a wide range of health-promoting initiatives, more effective strategies to tackle the adiposity/dysglycemia are needed. In conclusion, the disease burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity in Czechia remains high but is not translated into greater CVD. This discordant relationship likely depends more on other factors, such as improvements in dyslipidemia and hypertension control. A reconceptualization of abnormal adiposity and dysglycemia into a more actionable cardiometabolic-based chronic disease model is needed to improve the approach to these conditions. This review can serve as a platform to investigate causal mechanisms and secure effective management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior in medical students at a Peruvian public university.

Studies show a high prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior among university students. However, the relationship between physical activity and sedentary behavior in medical students is unknown. To determine the prevalence of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and related factors among medical students at a public university. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study that included students from the first to the sixth year of medical school. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We analyzed study variables using Poisson regression, estimating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. The final sample consisted of 513 students, of which 35% of women and 30.1% of all pre-clinical students had a low level of physical activity. Male sex and 20 to 24 age group were associated with a lower prevalence of low level of physical activity. Sedentary behavior was 60.9% among students under 20 years old and 55.5% among pre-clinical students. A lower prevalence of sedentary behavior was found in students over 25 years old, clinical students, and those with high levels of physical activity. Most medical students presented a moderate level of physical activity. We found a higher presence of low-level physical activity among females and pre-clinical students. We found that sedentary behavior was higher than reported in similar populations. The relationship between physical activity and lower sedentary behavior was significant only for students with a high-level physical activity.

Scientific Cooperation and the Co-production of Scientific Outcomes for Physical Activity Promotion: Results From a Transdisciplinary Research Consortium.

Background: To tackle complex societal challenges such as the high prevalence of physical inactivity, research funding is increasingly channeled toward cross-disciplinary research consortia. This study focused on exchange and cooperation (E&C) among the scientists of a 5-year transdisciplinary research initiative in Germany. Researchers' perceptions of E&C were combined with numbers of collaborative products during the project's life to make the developments of E&C and the quality of collaborative products visible.Methods: We applied a mixed-methods design including a qualitative content analysis of pre-interviews, focus-group interviews, and documents as well as a quantitative analysis of research (scientific publications, books, conference participations) and training outcomes (supervised bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. theses). Inductive and deductive approaches were combined to analyze factors of collaborative readiness and to identify perceptions of E&C among project teams. Based on Hall et al.'s “Conceptual Model for Evaluation of Collaborative Initiatives,” the project period was separated into phases of “collaborative readiness,” “collaborative capacity,” and “collaborative products.”Results: Our findings revealed a discrepancy between the objectively assessed concepts of collaborative readiness and researchers' reported perceptions of E&C during the early project stage. A set of E&C hindering factors identified during the initial project phase remained present until the final project stage. Further, E&C among scientists increased over time, as reflected by researchers' perceptions. Reports of scientists also showed that outcomes were co-produced at the final project stage for the first time, while knowledge integration had not yet been achieved. Generally, the number of collaborative products (particularly scientific publications) also substantially increased over time. E&C was supported and promoted by the efforts of the coordinating sub-project.Conclusion: Scientific E&C is a learning process and needs time to develop. A participatory research approach taking into account the perspectives on and requirements for E&C during the project's design might lay the ground for suitable, supportive, and transparent conditions for effective and successful E&C. Despite their time- and resource-consuming nature, cross-disciplinary research initiatives provide a fertile context in which to generate new solutions for pressing societal issues given that long-term funding and the establishment of an overarching coordination organ is assured.