High Prevalence Of Abdominal Obesity Research Articles

Prediction Models for Elevated Cardiac Biomarkers from Previous Risk Factors and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Residents of Trujillo City, Peru

Cardiac troponin serum concentration is a marker of myocardial injury, but NT-pro BNP is a marker of myocardial insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine binary logistic regression models to verify the possible association of cardiovascular risk indicators, pre-pandemic history, the number of times participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and vaccination against these biomarkers. A total of 281 residents of Trujillo city (Peru) participated between September and December 2023. We found a high prevalence of abdominal obesity of 55.2%; glycemia > 100 m/dL in 53%; hypercholesterolemia in 49.8%; low HDL in 71.9%; and LDL > 100 mg/dL in 78.6%. A total of 97.5% were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 92.2% had three or more doses. Also, 2.5% had cTnI > 0.05 ng/mL, and 3.3% had NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL. The number of COVID-19 infections versus cTnI > 0.05 ng/mL presented an OR = 3.513 (p = 0.003), while for NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL, the number of comorbidities presented an OR = 2.185 (p = 0.025) and LDL an OR = 0.209 (p = 0.025). A regression model was obtained in which there is an association between a higher number of COVID-19 infections and elevated cTnI values and a model implying an association of the number of comorbidities and LDL with the NT-proBNP level in a direct and inverse manner, respectively. Both models contribute to the prevention of cardiac damage.

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the adult population of the Republic of Moldova (preliminary data)

Introduction. Type 2 DM accounts for over 95% of all diabetes cases worldwide and represents an important and independent cardio-metabolic risk factor. This is the first national study (Epidemiological study of widespread endocrine pathologies (diabetes, obesity) in the Republic of Moldova and its management strategy) that analyzes the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), prediabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia in the adult population of Moldova. Material and methods. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study with cluster random sampling. A face-to-face interview was conducted with the participants using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. All biochemical tests were performed in a certified laboratory. Statistical analysis used Spearman’s correlation test, chi-square, and Wilcoxon tests. The Research Ethics Committee of Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Minutes 3 from December 28 2020) approved this study. Results. 728 individuals were enrolled, of which 2.5% had unknown DM. Advanced age, obesity, and dyslipidemia were influencing factors for diabetes. 21.4% of participants had prediabetes, with a higher prevalence in men than in women (28.3 % versus 18.9 %). Only 23.2% of men and 30.4% of women had a BMI within the normal range. Abdominal circumference (AC) values greater than 102 cm and 88 cm in men and women, respectively, were determined in 39.4% of men and 53.8% of women. Conclusions. Our study showed an increased prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including prediabetes, as well as a high prevalence of abdominal obesity. Persons with unknown diabetes mellitus have been identified.

Adiposity Phenotypes and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in the Inuit Population of Nunavik.

The Inuit population of Nunavik is faced with a significant rise in the prevalence of obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2], but the impact on cardiometabolic health is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize adiposity phenotypes and explore their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors among Nunavimmiut men and women. We used data obtained from 1296 Inuit who participated in the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health survey. Collected information included demographics, anthropometric measurements including visceral fat level (VFL) measured using electrical bioimpedance, biomarkers, hemodynamics, medical history and medication list. Adjusted population-weighted linear regressions were conducted to assess associations between body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors. The accuracy and cut-off points of anthropometric indices to detect cardiometabolic abnormalities was evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and a maximum Youden index analysis. Among Nunavimmiut (mean age 38.8 years [95%CI: 38.4 to 39.3]), obesity was observed in 42.8% of women and 25.6% of men. Compared to men, women presented a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (78.8% vs. 46.4% in men, p < 0.05) and elevated VFL (54.4% vs. 20.1% with an InBody level ≥ 13, p < 0.05). Indices of global fat distribution and abdominal adiposity including VFL provided poor to moderate ability to detect cardiometabolic abnormalities (AUROC between 0.64 and 0.79). This analysis revealed that despite a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, particularly among women, anthropometric measurements of adiposity are inconsistently associated cardio-metabolic risk factors in Inuit adults of Nunavik.

Associations of dichlorophenol with metabolic syndrome based on multivariate-adjusted logistic regression: a U.S. nationwide population-based study 2003-2016

BackgroundPara-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) exposure associated with oxidative stress has indeed raised public concerns. However, whether p-DCB is linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We hypothesized that higher exposure to p-DCB would be linked with a higher risk of MetS in the U.S population. This study aimed to examine the associations of exposure to p-DCB with MetS prevalence.MethodsWe included 10,428 participants (5,084 men and 5,344 women), aged ≥ 20 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016). The cases of MetS were diagnosed by NCEP/ATPIII. Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS prevalence. Moreover, the mix associations of p-DCB metabolites were assessed using quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) methods.ResultsWe documented 2,861 (27.1%) MetS cases. After adjustment for the potential risk factors, the ORs (95% CI) of MetS prevalence across the quartile of urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) were 1.09 (0.93-1.28), 1.22 (1.00-1.49), and 1.34 (1.04-1.73). Moreover, 2,5 DCP is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity [ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI): 1.23 (1.03-1.48)]. The WQS and qgcomp index also showed significant associations between p-DCB metabolites and MetS. Moreover, we further examined that 2,5 DCP was correlated with higher systolic blood pressure (r = 0.022, P = 0.027), waist circumference (r = 0.099, P < 0.001), and glycohemoglobin (r = 0.027, P = 0.008) and a lower high density cholesterol (r = -0.059, P < 0.001). In addition, the significant positive associations between 2,5 DCP and MetS were robust in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThese findings indicated that increased urinary p-DCB concentration, especially 2,5 DCP, had a higher MetS prevalence. These results should be interpreted cautiously and further research is warranted to validate our findings.

Association of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage in a sample of patients with metabolic disorders

Surrogate markers quantifying the severity of intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin) and permeability (fecal zonulin) are currently considered nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors.Aim. To study the associations of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage among participants with metabolic disorders from a population sample of St. Petersburg residents aged 35-75 years.Material and methods. In-depth phenotyping was performed on patients from a cohort of St. Petersburg residents metabolic disorders (overweight, hyperglycemia) invited for reexamination as part of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. All patients underwent a questionnaire examination (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, stress, anxiety and depression, assessment of digestive system complaints, frequency of food consumption). In addition, blood pressure and pulse measurements, anthropometry, biochemical and hormonal blood tests, echocardiography, applanation tonometry, volume sphygmography, duplex carotid scanning, and determination of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels were carried out.Results. The examined cohort (n=86; mean age, 56 [44,7;63,5] years; men, 49,5%) was characterized by a high prevalence of abdominal obesity (80,2%), dyslipidemia (low-density lipoproteins &gt;3 mmol/l — 76,7%, triglycerides ³1,7 mmol/l — 43%, total cholesterol &gt;4,9 mmol/l — 77,9%) and insulin resistance (64%) with slight sex differences. An increase in calprotectin occurs in 23,3% of patients, zonulin — in 30,3%, while an increase in calprotectin and/or zonulin occurs in almost half of those examined (47,7%). Fecal calprotectin levels are associated with indicators of dyslipidemia, obesity, inflammation and atherosclerotic vascular disease, as well as dietary patterns and socioeconomic indicators. Zonulin levels are associated with N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels and the presence of vitamin D deficiency, gallbladder disease, and dietary patterns.Conclusion. Increase of at least one marker of intestinal permeability and inflammation occur in approximately half of the participants with metabolic disorders from a population sample of St. Petersburg residents. In addition to the association of calprotectin and zonulin with metabolic risk factors and dietary patterns, calprotectin levels were associated with atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries.

Late meal intake is associated with abdominal obesity and metabolic disorders related to metabolic syndrome: A chrononutrition approach using data from NHANES 2015–2018

Chrononutrition is an emerging area that suggests that late eating time is associated with poor nutritional and metabolic outcomes. However, epidemiological studies are scarce on this topic. The aim of this study was to characterize the chrononutrition patterns in a large and representative US population (NHANES 2015-2016 and 2017-2018) of adults and elderly and investigate their association with obesity and metabolic disorders that make up the metabolic syndrome. A total of 7379 adults and elderly individuals were included in the analysis. Meal timing data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls in both cycles. Poisson regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the association between chrononutrition variables (eating duration and tertiles of first and last meal timing, eating midpoint and eating occasions) and obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic parameters from metabolic syndrome. Adults with a longer eating duration (>12h) had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28) when compared with those who ate their meals in a shorter eating duration (≤12h). In addition, adults in the third tertile of the time of the last meal (mean 22:03) had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (IRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25) compared to first tertile. Adults with later eating midpoints (second and third tertile) had a higher prevalence of elevated fasting glucose (IRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.59 and IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.22, respectively). Among the elderly, participants with a longer eating duration (>12h) had a higher prevalence of elevated triglycerides (IRR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.25-5.96) when compared with those elderly who ate their meals in a shorter eating duration (≤12h). These findings suggest that a long eating duration and late first and last meal timing are chrononutrition patterns associated with cardiometabolic risks in free-living Americans.

Laser-Based 3D Body Scanning Reveals a Higher Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity than Tape Measurements: Results from a Population-Based Sample.

The global obesity epidemic is a major public health concern, and accurate diagnosis is essential for identifying at-risk individuals. Three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology offers several advantages over the standard practice of tape measurements for diagnosing obesity. This study was conducted to validate body scan data from a German population-based cohort and explore clinical implications of this technology in the context of metabolic syndrome. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 354 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania that completed a 3D body scanning examination. The agreement of anthropometric data obtained from 3D body scanning with manual tape measurements was analyzed using correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots. Classification agreement regarding abdominal obesity based on IDF guidelines was assessed using Cohen's kappa. The association of body scan measures with metabolic syndrome components was explored using correlation analysis. Three-dimensional body scanning showed excellent validity with slightly larger values that presumably reflect the true circumferences more accurately. Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent in the sample (31%) and showed strong associations with central obesity. Using body scan vs. tape measurements of waist circumference for classification resulted in a 16% relative increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity (61.3% vs. 52.8%). These results suggest that the prevalence of obesity may be underestimated using the standard method of tape measurements, highlighting the need for more accurate approaches.

Evaluation of the Correlation between Coronary Artery Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Is There Any Correlation?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are 2 common diseases around the globe. This investigation aimed to evaluate NAFLD prevalence in patients with CAD and the potential association between NAFLD and CAD. This case-control study was performed between January 2017 and January 2018 at Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All patients aged between 35 and 5 years and referred for myocardial perfusion imaging were selected for the study. Totally, 180 participants were divided into CAD+ and CAD- groups. CAD was defined as stenosis of greater than 50.0% in at least 1 coronary artery. Afterward, all the patients underwent abdominal sonography and laboratory tests for NAFLD evaluation. Patients with a history of liver diseases, alcohol consumption, and drug-induced steatosis were excluded. The study population consisted of 122 women (67.8%) and 58 men (32.2%) at a mean age of 49.31±5.42 years. NAFLD was detected in 115 patients. NAFLD prevalence in the CAD+ group was 78.9%. NAFLD was determined as an independent risk factor for CAD (OR, 3.9). NAFLD prevalence was high in the CAD+ group. The incidence of steatosis is on the rise in the general population. Hence, considering the high prevalence of abdominal obesity, all patients with NAFLD should be evaluated for CAD.

Hypertension in peri- and postmenopausal women — pathophysiological mechanisms and approaches to treatment

This review presents epidemiological data on the effect of sex hormones and reproductive status on the level of blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of es­sential hypertension (EHT) in women. The role of estrogen deprivation and hyper­androgenism in the development of EHT in peri- and postmenopause is discussed. The main mechanisms of EHT in periand postmenopausal women: sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hyperactivity, salt-sensitivity, high prevalence of abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial dilatation and high risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Data on the efficacy and tolerability of the main classes of antihypertensive drugs in women is presented. We discussed the mechanisms of selective I1-imidazoline receptor agonists and the results of cohort studies of moxonidine monotherapy and its combination with other antihypertensive drugs and hormonal menopausal therapy in peri- and post­menopausal women. Moxonidine reduces high blood pressure in peri- and postmenopausal women and has a beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome components, but is also effective in patients with hypertensive crises, especially with sympathetic hyperactivity.

Eating speed and abdominal adiposity in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

BackgroundSeveral studies have associated fast eating speed with the risk of general obesity, but there are inadequate data on the association between eating speed and abdominal adiposity which may pose a higher threat to health than general obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the association between eating speed and abdominal obesity in a Vietnamese population.MethodsBetween June 2019 and June 2020, the baseline survey of an ongoing prospective cohort study on the determinants of cardiovascular disease in Vietnamese adults was conducted. A total of 3,000 people aged 40–60 years old (1,160 men and 1,840 women) were recruited from eight communes in the rural district of Cam Lam, Khanh Hoa province, in Central Vietnam. Self-reported eating speed was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale, and responses were collapsed into the following three categories: slow, normal, and fast. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist-to-height ratio of ≥ 0.5. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to assess the association between eating speed and abdominal obesity.ResultsCompared with slow eating speed, the adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) for abdominal obesity was 1.14 (1.05, 1.25)1.14 (1.05, 1.25) for normal eating speed and 1.30 (1.19, 1.41) for fast eating speed (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionA faster eating speed was associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in a middle-aged population in rural Vietnam.

High prevalence of abdominal obesity, inadequate food consumption, and low level of physical activity regardless of body mass index across women

High prevalence of abdominal obesity, inadequate food consumption, and low level of physical activity regardless of body mass index across women

Multilevel correlates of abdominal obesity in adolescents and youth living with HIV in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa.

Chronic non-communicable disease comorbidities are a major problem faced by people living with HIV (PLHIV). Obesity is an important factor contributing to such comorbidities and PLHIV face an elevated risk of obesity. However, there is data paucity on the intersection of obesity and HIV in adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated multilevel factors in AYLHIV in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling AYLHIV aged 15-24 years attending primary healthcare facilities in peri-urban Cape Town in 2019. All measures, except for physical examination measures, were obtained via self-report using a self-administered electronic form. Our outcome of interest was abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5). We collected individual-level data and data on community, built and food environment factors. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics, stratified by obesity status. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to investigate factors associated with abdominal obesity, adjusted for sex and age. A total of 87 participants were interviewed, 76% were female and the median age was 20.7 (IQR 18.9-23.0) years. More than two fifths had abdominal obesity (41%; 95% CI: 31.0-51.7%), compared to published rates for young people in the general population (13.7-22.1%). In multilevel models, skipping breakfast (aOR = 5.42; 95% CI: 1.32-22.25) was associated with higher odds of abdominal obesity, while daily wholegrain consumption (aOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.71) and weekly physical activity (aOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.92) were associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity. Higher anticipated stigma was associated with reduced odds of obesity (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.33-1.00). Land-use mix diversity (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.97), access to recreational places (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.74), higher perceived pedestrian and traffic safety (aOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.80) and having a non-fast-food restaurant within walking distance (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10-0.93) were associated with reduced odds of abdominal obesity. The main limitations of the study were low statistical power and possible reporting bias from self-report measures. Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and highlight multilevel correlates of obesity in AYLHIV in South Africa. An intersectoral approach to obesity prevention, intervening at multiple levels is necessary to intervene at this critical life stage.

Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas in Chiapas, Mexico.

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among different sociodemographic groups of adolescents from indigenous communities in Chiapas, Mexico. A cross-sectional prevalence study was performed in urban and rural communities in the Tzotzil-Tzeltal and Selva regions of Chiapas. A sample of 253 adolescents was studied, of whom 48% were girls and 52% were boys. A descriptive analysis of quantitative variables was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors stratified by sex, geographical area, years of schooling, and ethnicity of the mothers was estimated. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed in relation to the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. Low HDL-c (51%) was the predominant cardiovascular risk factor. Girls had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and borderline total cholesterol than boys. High diastolic blood pressure was more prevalent in boys. Adolescents from urban areas had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance than adolescents from rural areas. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in adolescents whose mothers had ≥ 7 years of schooling compared with adolescents with less educated mothers. Differences by maternal ethnicity also influenced the prevalence of insulin resistance. Among the main findings, this study associated sociodemographic and geographical inequalities with cardiovascular risk factors. Promoting a healthy lifestyle for this young population is absolutely necessary to prevent cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.

Women and Diabetes

Background: Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is 53.1% in India as reported by the International Diabetes Federation in 10th Diabetes Atlas 2021. Diabetes is affecting people of all ages and gender. Very high prevalence of abdominal obesity and large percentage of women in Haryana with elevated body mass index (BMI) make it crucial to screen them for type 2 diabetes. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a proven tool to identify the people at risk of becoming diabetic in future. Early detection and primary prevention are the most effective ways to prevent the rising numbers among women. Objective: This study was conceived to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes in young working women (25–40 years) using the IDRS tool. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was followed through with 504 working females in the age bracket 25–40 years. Data were taken down using a structured questionnaire administered through personal interview procedure. Demographics and parameters listed in IDRS such as age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, and physical activity were itemized in the questionnaire. A purposive random sampling procedure was utilized for getting the numbers. Known cases of diabetes and subjects who refused to sign informed consent were excluded from the survey. Results: About 504 working women completed the survey questionnaire. IDRS scores revealed 18%, 53%, and 29% of the subjects in high-, moderate-, and low-risk brackets, respectively. Waist circumference, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and age were found to be significantly associated with the risk level. Conclusion: The research study brings forward the need for early detection though screening of young women at risk of becoming diabetic in future and necessary steps for primary prevention for the same. It remains imperative to device a comprehensive communication strategy for responsive transitional progression from high risk to absolute healthiness among the young working women.

Associations between Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity in Female University Students.

Objectives: To examine associations between sleep duration as well as time of going to sleep and anthropometric indices related to the amount and distribution of adiposity. Material: A total of 969 female university students, aged 19–24 years. Methods: Participants self-reported their sleep duration. Body weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. BMI, WHR and WHtR were calculated. Statistical analyses of results involved logistic regression models. Socioeconomic status and level of stress were added as covariates. Results: In 15% of the sample, sleep was too short (<6 h), and 10% slept too long (>8 h). Compared to women who followed the recommended sleep duration, among short sleepers, both underweight and overweight were more frequent, while long sleepers were more likely to be overweight. A higher prevalence of abdominal obesity and increased risk of metabolic syndrome were observed in both short and long sleepers than in recommended sleepers. Irregular sleep times were connected with higher OR, both for BMI < 18.5 and BMI > 25, for WC > 80, and WHtR below 0.4 and above 0.5. Irregular sleep times also led to an increased risk of metabolic diseases prevalence. Conclusions: Both too long and too short sleep increases the risk of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity and, as a consequence, the risk of metabolic syndrome in young women.

Large-scale analysis of circulating glutamate and adipose gene expression in relation to abdominal obesity.

Circulating levels of the amino acid glutamate are associated with central fat accumulation, yet the pathophysiology of this relationship remains unknown. We aimed to (i) refine and validate the association between circulating glutamate and abdominal obesity in a large twin cohort, and (ii) investigate whether transcriptomic profiles in adipose tissue could provide insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the association. First, in a cohort of 4665 individuals from the TwinsUK resource, we identified individuals with abdominal obesity and compared prevalence of the latter across circulating glutamate quintiles. Second, we used transcriptomic signatures generated from adipose tissue, both subcutaneous and visceral, to investigate associations with circulating glutamate levels. Individuals in the top circulating glutamate quintile had a sevenfold higher prevalence of abdominal obesity compared to those in the bottom quintile. The adipose tissue transcriptomic analyses identified GLUL, encoding Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase, as being associated with circulating glutamate and abdominal obesity, with pronounced signatures in the visceral depot. In conclusion,circulating glutamate is positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity which relates to dysregulated GLUL expression specifically in visceral adipose tissue.

The Regular Consumption of Nuts Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain.

Background: The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. Methods: The study consists of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted in 556 non-institutionalised individuals between 65 and 79 years of age. To define the consumption recommendation of nuts the indication of the questionnaire MEDAS-14 was followed. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: In 264 subjects aged 71.9 (SD: ±4.2) years old, 39% of whom were men, the adherence to nut consumption recommendations was 40.2%. Of these individuals, 79.5% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, being 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). A nut consumption lower than recommended was associated with a 19% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (Prevalence Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03−1.37; p < 0.05) and a 61% higher prevalence of MetS (Prevalence Ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16−2.25; p = 0.005) compared to a consumption of ≥3 servings per week. Conclusion: An inverse relationship was established between nut consumption and the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Using Nutrition Intake As A Tool To Maintain Weight For A Healthy Life

In the present scenario, maintain weigh has gained a lot of significance with increasing affluence. Excess weight is the result of long term and consistent consumption of much more calories than you are able to expand, irrespective of the etiology. Thus the emphasis in treating obesity has shifted from mere weight loss to weight management. For example efforts should be directed towards attaining the desirable weight in relation to overall health. The result of recently conducted study on prevalence of obesity in Delhi by the nutrition federation of India has projected that nearly one third of the male and more than half of females belonging to upper middle class in India are currently overweight with higher prevalence of abdominal obesity. 40-50 million subjects belonging to upper middle class are overweight in India. If this trend continues, the situation can get worse even within a decade and obesity can emerge as the single most important public health problem in adults.

A case-control study to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis as compared to age and sex matched controls

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Psoriasis is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory dermatosis and it is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with disease severity in patients with psoriasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This was a case control study which included 150 cases of chronic plaque psoriasis and 150 healthy controls. All subjects underwent detailed history and clinical examination including measurement of blood pressure and waist circumference and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were tested following overnight fasting. Various parameters of metabolic syndrome were compared in two groups using chi square test and fisher’s exact test. Statistical analysis of the data was done using epi-info &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more common in patients of psoriasis than in control (56.67% vs. 17.33%; p&amp;lt;0.0001). Psoriatic patients had higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (57.33% vs. 27.33%; p=0.0037), elevated blood pressure (32% vs. 12%; p=0.0001), elevated fasting blood sugar level (62% vs. 22%; p&amp;lt;0.0001), hypertriglyceridemia (44.66% vs. 32%; p=0.0326), low level of HDL cholesterol (64% vs. 21.33%; p&amp;lt;0.0001 and alcohol abuse (22.22% vs. 14.66%; p=0.0154).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The findings in our study demonstrated a robust association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and its components, irrespective of psoriasis severity.&lt;/p&gt;

Racial/Ethnic disparities in prevalence and trends of obesity, grade 3 obesity, and abdominal obesity among US adults, 2003-18

This cross-sectional study examined the racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence and trends of obesity, grade 3 obesity, and abdominal obesity among US adults between 2003 and 2018. This study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018 data. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity, grade 3 obesity, and abdominal obesity among adults aged ≥20 years, as defined by the CDC cut off were the main outcome of interest. In total, 29712 persons were included in the analysis. Between 2003-2006 and 2015–2018, an increase in the prevalence of obesity, grade 3 obesity, and abdominal obesity was observed. Significant increase in the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was observed between 2007-2010 and 2011–2014. Between 2011-2014 and 2015–2018, significant increase was observed in the prevalence of obesity only. In 2015–2018, the Mexican-Americans males had significantly higher prevalence of obesity compared to their non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks counterparts. The paradigm of the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity shifted from the non-Hispanic blacks in 2003–2006 to the Mexican-Americans in 2015–2018. Reducing the burden of obesity would be essential to reduce the disparities associated with obesity complications. • In 2015-2018, Mexican-Americans had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity. • Overall females and low-income groups had the highest prevalence of all three types of obesity in 2015–2018 . • An increase in the prevalence of all types of obesity was observed between 2003-2006 and 2015-2018.