High Pressure Fuel Research Articles

Exploring the Benefits of Karanja-Oil-Derived Biodiesel-Water Emulsion as a Potential Fuel for Diesel Engines Operated with High-Pressure Fuel Injection Systems

<div>Biodiesel is a suitable alternative to diesel because of its carbon neutrality, renewability, lubricity, and lower pollutant emissions. However, extensive research indicates higher oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions with biodiesel. A practical method to combat this problem is utilizing water and biodiesel as emulsions. The effect of biodiesel-water emulsion in high-pressure fuel injection systems is not fully explored in the existing literature. The present study addresses this research gap by utilizing biodiesel-water emulsions in a modified light-duty diesel engine. The governor-controlled injection system was adapted to a fully flexible electronic system capable of high-pressure injection. Unlike other literature studies, the fuel injection timings were optimized with biodiesel-water emulsions to maximize brake thermal efficiency (bte) at every load condition. In a novel attempt, the biodiesel source, i.e., raw Karanja oil (RKO), a triglyceride, was utilized as the surfactant to stabilize the biodiesel-water emulsions containing 6%, 12%, and 18% water. The emulsions reduced the ignition delay and cylinder pressures, with less-intense premixed combustion and a more significant diffusion phase combustion than biodiesel. The emulsions also present a delayed combustion phasing following the injection timing trends. Among the tested emulsions, at 5.08 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), 18% biodiesel-water emulsion resulted in an 18% reduced brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), 5% increase in bte, 30% and 7% mitigation in NO<sub>x</sub> and smoke levels, with an increase of 10% and 28% for unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.</div>

Optimisation of Reliability and Maintenance Plan of the High-Pressure Fuel Pump System on Marine Engine

Abstract This paper presents a method of adjusting and designing the maintenance scheme for the high-pressure fuel pumps of a slow-speed two-stroke marine engine, MAN 6S70MC-C. The maintenance database for the marine fuel system was obtained from the planned maintenance software, and covered a period of 11 years. During this period, 29 failures occurred that required corrective actions. Our methodology includes failure mode analysis, risk analysis, reliability calculation and maintenance interval adjustment. Each failure is described using a failure mode analysis, based on a combination of the mode and cause of failure. The objective of this study is to recommend a new preventive maintenance interval based on the exponential reliability results and the analysed maintenance data. The initial maintenance plan for each fuel pump was set to 8,000 running hours, whereas in the modified plan, it is recommended to set this to 4,000 hours. Our results show an increase in the system reliability from 60% to 95% when the new modified maintenance plan is applied. In addition, the results and the recommended initial maintenance schedule are validated based on three similar types of engine with the same fuel pump system. The new maintenance approach can reduce the risk of component failure, which will lead to increased reliability of the fuel pump system and the optimisation of maintenance costs.

Characterization of High-Pressure Fuel Hose with Braided Reinforcement

This study aims to investigate the effect of material type and braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, to manufacture a high-pressure fuel hose. For this purpose, NBR (Acrylo-Nitrile Butadiene rubber)/CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) fuel hose was manufactured using a single-screw extruder and for the production of the reinforcement layer, braiding technology was used. With an attempt to discuss the effect of braiding angle on the performance characteristics of the reinforced multi-layered hose, the speed of the radial braiding machine was altered. E-glass, aramid, carbon, polyester, and basalt yarns were used for the production of the braided layer. Then CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) rubber was extruded for the cover application. Performance properties of the fuel hose such as hardness, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse bursting pressure, and diametric expansion were measured and evaluated according to the requirements of the related standards. The results revealed that, with increased braiding speed, ply adhesion, vacuum collapse, and diametric expansion properties of hoses increase, while hardness, permanent deformation, and bursting pressure of hoses decrease. It has been determined that NBR/Basalt/CPE fuel hose produced in 4m/min braiding speed provided optimum functional and adhesion properties, because of its hardness, permanent deformation, bursting, and vacuum test values at 25°C are within the limit. Additionally, the results were verified by running finite element analysis (FEA) using the ANSYS simulation program.

Temperature Acceleration-Based Life Data Analysis and Acceleration Test Method for EPDM in High-Pressure Fuel System Sealing Materials for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Purpose: In this study, to shorten the EC 79 test time, an accelerated test method for nonmetallic materials such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), which constitute the major component of the high-pressure fuel system of fuel-cell electric vehicles, was studied.BRMethods: After failure mode and effect analysis, heat was selected as the accelerating stress, and an accelerated thermal-aging experiment was conducted for each temperature condition of EPDM. The acceleration of the Weibull distribution was verified from the life data analysis using the Minitab program. Further, the Arrhenius acceleration model was employed to derive acceleration factors for each temperature condition.BRResults: Using the derived acceleration factors, when the temperature was accelerated to 110,130°C, the average life expectancy was reduced by 45% and 65%.BRConclusion: If the temperature condition is accelerated, the average life of nonmetallic EPDM is effectively shortened. In further research, this result will be verified by applying an accelerated test method to major components comprising EPDM.

Экспериментальная оценка работы топливных насосов газодизельных ДВС с использованием аппаратно-программного и диагностического комплексов «Газодизель-Pro» и «MT Pro 4.1»

The main aspects of testing modern high-pressure fuel pumps (fuel injection pumps) of gas-diesel internal combustion engines are considered. A hardware and software complex based on a test bench for the fuel injection pump of a gas-diesel engine is proposed. The research is carried out in order to determine and register the fuel injection pump parameters necessary to optimize the process of diesel fuel injection into gas diesel. The block diagram of the hardware and software complex and the results of bench tests of the working process of a gas-diesel internal combustion engine are presented. Keywords: GAS DIESEL, TESTS, INSTALLATION, STAND, IGNITION DOSE, HIGH-PRESSURE FUEL PUMP, PIPELINE, COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE, ENERGY INDICATORS

Effects of High-Pressure Two-Stage Fuel Injection on the Diesel Engine Performance in Start Process

Effects of High-Pressure Two-Stage Fuel Injection on the Diesel Engine Performance in Start Process

A Numerical Analysis for High Performance on DME High Pressure Fuel Pump Using Taguchi Method

A Numerical Analysis for High Performance on DME High Pressure Fuel Pump Using Taguchi Method

Investigating the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on Soot Formation Under High-Pressure Fuel Pyrolysis

We performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model of high-pressure spray pyrolysis with a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism encompassing pyrolysis of n-dodecane and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We compare the results using the detailed mechanism and those found using several different reduced chemical mechanisms to experiments carried out in an optically accessible, high-pressure, constant-volume combustion chamber. Three different soot models implemented in the CONVERGE CFD software are used: an empirical soot model, a method of moments, and a discrete sectional method. There is a large variation in the prediction of the soot between different combinations of chemical mechanisms and soot model. Furthermore, the amount of soot produced from all models is substantially less than experimental measurements. All of this indicates that there is still substantial work that needs to be done to arrive at simulations that can be relied on to accurately predict soot formation.

Dissecting a data-driven prognostic pipeline: A powertrain use case

Nowadays, cars are instrumented with thousands of sensors continuously collecting data about its components. Thanks to the concept of connected cars, this data can be now transferred to the cloud for advanced analytics functionalities, such as prognostic or predictive maintenance. In this paper, we dissect a data-driven prognostic pipeline and apply it in the automotive scenario. Our pipeline is composed of three main steps: (i) selection of most important signals and features describing the scenario for the target problem, (ii) creation of machine learning models based on different classification algorithms, and (iii) selection of the model that works better for a deployment scenario. For the development of the pipeline, we exploit an extensive experimental campaign where an actual engine runs in a controlled test bench under different working conditions. We aim to predict failures of the High-Pressure Fuel System, a key part of the diesel engine responsible for delivering high-pressure fuel to the cylinders for combustion. Our results show the advantage of data-driven solutions to automatically discover the most important signals to predict failures of the High-Pressure Fuel System. We also highlight how an accurate model selection step is fundamental to identify a robust model suitable for deployment.

Fuel Rail Pressure Control Characteristics of a GDI High-Pressure Fuel Pump Using a Newly Developed Experimental System Controlled with a Microcontroller

An experimental system was developed to evaluate the fuel injection parts of a gasoline direct injection engine. An AC motor and an inverter were used to rotate the camshaft in the engine cylinder head. A single plunger high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) driven by a square cam at the end of the camshaft was used in the gasoline direct injection engine. The rotation position of the square cam was measured by a rotary encoder. The developed system allows control of the camshaft rotation speed, the HPFP pressure control valve (PCV) opening and closing timing, and the fuel injection duration, which are three important factors affecting the fuel rail pressure (FRP). It is confirmed that the fuel rail pressure can be made to vary wit different combinations of these three factors. By using the experimental system developed in this study, the fuel rail pressure can be effectively controlled in the range of 3 MPa to 20 MPa. The most influential factor for control of the fuel rail pressure was the HPFP PCV opening and closing timings. With the proposed using the experimental system, the rail pressure, fuel rail pressure wave characteristics, and the injector drive characteristics can all be assessed under various fuel injection conditions.

Finite Element and Experimental Vibration Analysis of High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pipe for 8-Cylinder V Diesel Engine

Designing of fuel injection pipe for high fuel pressure and vibrations is most important for a diesel engine’s safety and performance. The failure of the fuel injection pipe of a Diesel engine is critical when running at full load condition. This paper presents the mode shapes, natural frequencies, and harmonic analysis of fuel injection pipes to identify the cause of failure. Finite element analysis is conducted to study dynamic behavior under a range of excitation frequencies. In these natural frequencies and mode shapes about the fuel, injection pipe is presented for different configurations. The methodology is prepared to avoid pipe failure by providing clamps at a proper location following modal parameters and providing sufficient damping in a fuel injection pipe assembly. Results indicate that excessive vibration amplitudes and incorrect clamp’s location are responsible for failure (cracks in fuel injection pipes at the diesel engine’s injector side). Different fuel injection pipe assemblies are discussed, control strategies and experimental results are presented to reduce vibration amplitude and stress. The existing fuel injection pipe assembly’s overall vibration amplitude is reduced to 34.5 % and stress by 75 % through the modified assembly.

Pressure Control Design of High-Pressure Fuel Pipe

In order to ensure the normal operation of the engine, the stability of the fuel supply system must be ensured. The fuel supply system needs to obtain fuel from the outside, and then pressurized into the high-pressure oil pipe, and then input into the engine cylinder. Therefore, the fuel parameters in the components of the fuel supply system affect each other. In this paper, a mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between the fuel parameters of each part of the fuel supply system, and then the stability of the fuel supply system can be controlled by controlling some parameters under given conditions. We intercept a very short time, analyze the mutual transfer of fuel in the fuel supply system through the micro element method, and establish the differential equations. Because some differential equations are more complex, it is difficult to find the formula solution, so we discretize the differential equations and get a group of recurrence relations. After calculating the initial state and related parameters, the fuel pressure parameters and fuel density parameters of each part of the fuel supply system at each time can be obtained recursively. Because the pressure and density of the fuel can express each other, we focus on the density parameter of the fuel, and do the conversion when the pressure is needed. On the basis of this group of recursive relations, we established an optimization model of fuel pressure control in high-pressure oil pipe: Taking the fuel supply time of one-way valve as decision variables, minimizing the difference between fuel pressure and standard value at each time as optimization objective, taking the practical significance of each physical quantity as constraint condition, and gave a discrete algorithm.

Fuzzy Logic Systems-Based Optimization and Control of Complicated High-Pressure Fuel Line with Double Fuel Injectors and One Pressure Reducing Valve

High-pressure fuel line is a basic component of many modern industrial devices, and its pressure stability affects operating efficiency and safety. In this paper, the working mechanism of high-pressure fuel line with double fuel injectors and pressure reducing valve is studied as the main object, the differential equation for changes in pressure with time is established, and the rotating speed of high-pressure fuel pump cam, fuel injection time of fuel injector, and the threshold of pressure reducing valve are optimized using fuzzy logic systems to control the pressure in high-pressure fuel line within a safe range and improve the operating efficiency and safety of high-pressure fuel line. The results of numerical simulation show that the pressure reducing valve can effectively control the pressure in high-pressure fuel line.

Approaches for Detailed Investigations on Transient Flow and Spray Characteristics during High Pressure Fuel Injection

High pressure injection systems have essential roles in realizing highly controllable fuel injections in internal combustion engines. The primary atomization processes in the near field of the spray, and even inside the injector, determine the subsequent spray development with a considerable impact on the combustion and pollutant formation. Therefore, the processes should be understood as much as possible; for instance, to develop mathematical and numerical models. However, the experimental difficulties are extremely high, especially near the injector nozzle or inside the nozzle, due to the very small geometrical scales, the highly concentrated optical dense spray processes and the high speed and drastic transient nature of the spray. In this study, several unique and partly recently developed techniques are applied for detailed measurements on the flow inside the nozzle and the spray development very near the nozzle. As far as possible, the same three-hole injector for high pressure diesel injection is used to utilize and compare different measurement approaches. In a comprehensive section, the approach is taken to discuss the measurement results in comparison. It is possible to combine the observations within and outside the injector and to discuss the entire spray development processes for high pressure diesel sprays. This allows one to confirm theories and to provide detailed and, in parts, even quantitative data for the validation of numerical models.

HIGH PRESSURE PUMP DAMAGE ANALYSIS MPK MTU 16 V 4000 M 90 SERIES ON KRI PARCHIM CLASS USING SWOT METHOD

Hasan Basri-382 Indonesian warhip (KRI) use MTU 16 V 4000 M 90 diesel engine with common rail technologythat uses a High Pressure Fuel Pump. The pump has a vital function because it provides fuel up to a pressureof 1400 bars on the common rail. The problem is that there is pump compilation or damage (leakage), then thefuel pressure at the High Pressure Pump input drops and risks the output pressure of the fuel High PressurePump towards the common rail, where the pressure drops dramatically, so that the fuel pressure is below 4 baror fuel pressure inside the common rail below 700 bar Engine Control Unit (ECU) accepts the engine to stop theengine. The price of the pump is too expensive. In addition, this pump cannot be repaired or in other words itmust be replaced by the new one. Based on the pump for life, it must be replaced every 4500 hours or in onceW5 maintenanc period. But this lifetime schedule has never been approved. Therefore, it is expected to causedamage to the pump so prevention efforts can be made. In addition, the author has also used the SWOTmethod to find the best strategy in finding solutions to the problems of this High Pressure Pump. And of course,these strategies are used for advice at the end of this settlement.Keywords: Common Rail, Damage, High Pressure Pump, Parchim Class, and SWOT Method

Influence of Inflow Boundary Conditions on High-Pressure Fuel Injection: Assessment Based on Large Eddy Simulation Approach

Influence of Inflow Boundary Conditions on High-Pressure Fuel Injection: Assessment Based on Large Eddy Simulation Approach

An Analysis of the Effect of Plunger Barrel Performance of High Pressure Pumps and Fuel Against the Main Engine Injector Performance

This study aimed to analyze the magnitude of the performance correlation value of a plunger barrel of high pressure pump (X1) and fuel (Y1) in the main engine injector performance (Y). This study applied SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) analysis which produces quantitative data to describe the object under the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire by using a Likert scale approach. The results showed that the X1 coefficient on variable Y was moderate but the correlation value of X2 to Y was low. The correlation value of the influence of variables X1 and X2 together on the variable Y was also low. This variable can be used as an analysis in assessing the performance of the main engine injector in commercial vessels.

Numerical Simulation of Pressure Fluctuation in High-pressure Common-rail Fuel Injection System

In the past several years, the global diesel engine technology has made significant breakthroughs. The diesel engine has a good economy and power. In 20 years or so, the number of diesel vehicles will exceed the trend of gasoline engines. Diesel engine technology is also developing towards low pollution, low fuel consumption, and high power. To improve the performance of diesel engines, the key is to improve the conversion rate of internal energy to mechanical energy and combustion degrees. In the fuel injection system of diesel engines, a high-pressure common-rail with a large volume is often added between the plunger high-pressure fuel pump and the injector. Its function is to save fuel from the plunger fuel pump, to suppress the fluctuation of oil pressure, and to output high-pressure fuel by adjusting the characteristic parameters of the injector. Firstly, the physical model and mathematical model have been established, including the plunger pump, the high-pressure common rail, and the injector. After that, we use the modified Euler method to solve ordinary differential equations by MATLAB programming. Finally, the Optimized working strategies of plunger pump to inject diesel oil into high-pressure common rail have been obtained. In this high-pressure common rail system, cam of the plunger pump spin 1225.67 times a minute, and pressure relief valve is opened automatically when the pressure in high-pressure common-rail is over 103 MPa, so that the pressure in high-pressure common-rail is approximately stable at 100 MPa, and the fluctuation is small.

Rail Pressure Estimation for Fault Diagnosis in High Pressure Fuel Supply and Injection System

Engine roughness (ER) is a complex issue in GDI engines and a frequent customer complaint in workshops. Still it is hard to isolate the root cause of the vibration which is received by the driver. The present paper aims to identify the type and extent of faults causing ER that have their origin in the fuel supply and injection system. The method is presented using the injectors as an example, since they have a great impact on engine related vibrations. The injectors affect ER through mixture formation. For example, a deviating amount of injected fuel mass on one cylinder leads to a deviating delivery of work during the combustion cycle and thus causes vibrations.For the investigation additional pressure sensors were installed in the high pressure fuel system to observe the transfer behavior in the hydraulic system. Tests were executed in different reference and fault states, where a fault state is represented by deviating mass flows of an injector. The generated data is used to develop a parameter estimation model, describing the pressure in the fuel rail of the investigated engine.Firstly, a set of reference parameters is generated by a parameter optimization algorithm for each operating point under reference conditions. Then, these sets of parameters are used for initial calibration of the model for the following injector diagnosis. Observing the adaptation of a separate set of diagnostic parameters, allows for a precise pinpointing to a defective injector. It also delivers information about the type of fault and its size. Finally, the results are reconfirmed by executing the diagnosis on data of a healthy system to preclude mis-detections of faults.

High Pressure Fuel Regression Characteristics of Axial-Injection End-Burning Hybrid Rockets

This study is an investigation of axial-injection end-burning hybrid rockets aimed at revealing fuel regression characteristics under relatively high-pressure conditions. Firing tests are conducted using gaseous oxygen as the oxidizer at chamber pressures and oxidizer port velocities ranging from 0.22 to 1.05 MPa and 31 to , respectively. The results of 15 static firing tests show that the fuel regression rate increases as the chamber pressure increases, and regression rates range from approximately at 0.25 MPa to at 0.90 MPa. Furthermore, it is observed that the pressure exponent of the fuel regression rate is 1.05 and the fuel regression rate is not influenced by the oxidizer port velocity in this study. The model explains that the backfiring problem tends to occur in relatively high-pressure conditions, and it leads to the conclusion that increasing the nozzle throat diameter is an effective means of preventing backfiring from occurring.